The impact of species, respiration type, growth phase and genetic inventory on absolute metal content of intact bacterial cells

Metallomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 925-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Budhraja ◽  
Chang Ding ◽  
Philipp Walter ◽  
Stephan Wagner ◽  
Thorsten Reemtsma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Microbial Species ◽  
The Impact

Absolute metal ion content was determined from whole cells of different microbial species and changes were related to growth conditions and change of encoded genes.

scholarly journals The first study on the impact of osmolytes in whole cells of high temperature-adapted microorganisms

Soft Matter ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (41) ◽  
pp. 8381-8391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Salvador-Castell ◽  
Maksym Golub ◽  
Nicolas Martinez ◽  
Jacques Ollivier ◽  
Judith Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Structural Rearrangements ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
The Impact

The presence of the osmolyte mannosylglycerate in alive cells of Thermococcus barophilus, a hyperthermophile and piezophile, limits the structural rearrangements of its proteome under the archaeon optimal growth conditions, i.e. 358 K and 40 MPa.

scholarly journals Relationships among intramammary health, udder and teat characteristics, and productivity of extensively managed ewes

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan M Knuth ◽  
Whitney C Stewart ◽  
Joshua B Taylor ◽  
Bledar Bisha ◽  
Carl J Yeoman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Microbial Species ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Microbial Invasion ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract Mastitis is an economically important disease and its subclinical state is difficult to diagnose, which makes mitigation more challenging. The objectives of this study were to screen clinically healthy ewes in order to 1) identify cultivable microbial species in milk, 2) evaluate somatic cell count (SCC) thresholds associated with intramammary infection, and 3) estimate relationships between udder and teat morphometric traits, SCC, and ewe productivity. Milk was collected from two flocks in early (<5 d) and peak (30 to 45 d) lactation to quantify SCC (n = 530) and numerate cultivable microbial species by culture-based isolation followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS; n = 243) identification. Within flock and lactation stage, 11% to 74% (mean = 36%) of samples were culture positive. More than 50 unique identifications were classified by MALDI-TOF MS analysis, and Bacillus licheniformis (18% to 27%), Micrococcus flavus (25%), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (7% to 18%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (26%) were among the most common within flock and across lactation stage. Optimum SCC thresholds to identify culture-positive samples ranged from 175 × 103 to 1,675 × 103 cells/mL. Ewe productivity was assessed as total 120-d adjusted litter weight (LW120) and analyzed within flock with breed, parity, year, and the linear covariate of log10 SCC (LSCC) at early or peak lactation. Although dependent on lactation stage and year, each 1-unit increase in LSCC (e.g., an increase in SCC from 100 × 103 to 1,000 × 103 cells/mL) was predicted to decrease LW120 between 9.5 and 16.1 kg when significant. Udder and teat traits included udder circumference, teat length, teat placement, and degree of separation of the udder halves. Correlations between traits were generally low to moderate within and across lactation stage and most were not consistently predictive of ewe LSCC. Overall, the frequencies of bacteria-positive milk samples indicated that subclinical mastitis (SCM) is common in these flocks and can impact ewe productivity. Therefore, future research is warranted to investigate pathways and timing of microbial invasion, genomic regions associated with susceptibility, and husbandry to mitigate the impact of SCM in extensively managed ewes.

scholarly journals Clinically Applicable Cyclotron-Produced Gallium-68 Gives High-Yield Radiolabeling of DOTA-Based Tracers

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1118
Author(s):  
Emma Jussing ◽  
Stefan Milton ◽  
Erik Samén ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Moein ◽  
Lovisa Bylund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Gamma Spectroscopy ◽  
Radiochemical Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Automated Synthesis ◽  
Molar Activity ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Gallium 68 ◽  
Fe Impurities

By using solid targets in medical cyclotrons, it is possible to produce large amounts of 68GaCl3. Purification of Ga3+ from metal ion impurities is a critical step, as these metals compete with Ga3+ in the complexation with different chelators, which negatively affects the radiolabeling yields. In this work, we significantly lowered the level of iron (Fe) impurities by adding ascorbate in the purification, and the resulting 68GaCl3could be utilized for high-yield radiolabeling of clinically relevant DOTA-based tracers. 68GaCl3 was cyclotron-produced and purified with ascorbate added in the wash solutions through the UTEVA resins. The 68Ga eluate was analyzed for radionuclidic purity (RNP) by gamma spectroscopy, metal content by ICP-MS, and by titrations with the chelators DOTA, NOTA, and HBED. The 68GaCl3eluate was utilized for GMP-radiolabeling of the DOTA-based tracers DOTATOC and FAPI-46 using an automated synthesis module. DOTA chelator titrations gave an apparent molar activity (AMA) of 491 ± 204 GBq/µmol. GMP-compliant syntheses yielded up to 7 GBq/batch [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC and [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 (radiochemical yield, RCY ~ 60%, corresponding to ten times higher compared to generator-based productions). Full quality control (QC) of 68Ga-labelled tracers showed radiochemically pure and stable products at least four hours from end-of-synthesis.

scholarly journals Revealing the Metabolic Alterations during Biofilm Development of Burkholderia cenocepacia Based on Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Ozlem Altay ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Hasan Turkez ◽  
Jens Nielsen ◽  
Mathias Uhlén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systems Biology ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Metabolic Remodeling ◽  
Transcriptomics Data ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Genome Scale

Burkholderia cenocepacia is among the important pathogens isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. It has attracted considerable attention because of its capacity to evade host immune defenses during chronic infection. Advances in systems biology methodologies have led to the emergence of methods that integrate experimental transcriptomics data and genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs). Here, we integrated transcriptomics data of bacterial cells grown on exponential and biofilm conditions into a manually curated GEM of B. cenocepacia. We observed substantial differences in pathway response to different growth conditions and alternative pathway susceptibility to extracellular nutrient availability. For instance, we found that blockage of the reactions was vital through the lipid biosynthesis pathways in the exponential phase and the absence of microenvironmental lysine and tryptophan are essential for survival. During biofilm development, bacteria mostly had conserved lipid metabolism but altered pathway activities associated with several amino acids and pentose phosphate pathways. Furthermore, conversion of serine to pyruvate and 2,5-dioxopentanoate synthesis are also identified as potential targets for metabolic remodeling during biofilm development. Altogether, our integrative systems biology analysis revealed the interactions between the bacteria and its microenvironment and enabled the discovery of antimicrobial targets for biofilm-related diseases.

scholarly journals Zinc limitation in Klebsiella pneumoniae profiled by quantitative proteomics influences transcriptional regulation and cation transporter-associated capsule production

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sukumaran ◽  
S. Pladwig ◽  
J. Geddes-McAlister
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Metal Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Capsule Production ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Microbial organisms encounter a variety of environmental conditions, including changes to metal ion availability. Metal ions play an important role in many biological processes for growth and survival. As such, microbes alter their cellular protein levels and secretion patterns in adaptation to a changing environment. This study focuses on Klebsiella pneumoniae, an opportunistic bacterium responsible for nosocomial infections. By using K. pneumoniae, we aim to determine how a nutrient-limited environment (e.g., zinc depletion) modulates the cellular proteome and secretome of the bacterium. By testing virulence in vitro, we provide novel insight into bacterial responses to limited environments in the presence of the host. Results Analysis of intra- and extracellular changes identified 2380 proteins from the total cellular proteome (cell pellet) and 246 secreted proteins (supernatant). Specifically, HutC, a repressor of the histidine utilization operon, showed significantly increased abundance under zinc-replete conditions, which coincided with an expected reduction in expression of genes within the hut operon from our validating qRT-PCR analysis. Additionally, we characterized a putative cation transport regulator, ChaB that showed significantly higher abundance under zinc-replete vs. -limited conditions, suggesting a role in metal ion homeostasis. Phenotypic analysis of a chaB deletion strain demonstrated a reduction in capsule production, zinc-dependent growth and ion utilization, and reduced virulence when compared to the wild-type strain. Conclusions This is first study to comprehensively profile the impact of zinc availability on the proteome and secretome of K. pneumoniae and uncover a novel connection between zinc transport and capsule production in the bacterial system.

Diversification of Dawkinsia filamentosa (Valenciennes, 1844) and their growth conditions by the impact of toxic metals in the river Tamiraparani

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabaridasan Arumugam ◽  
Mohamed Shahila Abul Asan Sathali ◽  
Soranam Ramaiah ◽  
Gandhimaniyan Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals THE PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF BACTERIAL CHROMATOPHORE FRACTIONS

1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Barron Worden ◽  
W. R. Sistrom
Keyword(s):  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Heavy Fraction ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Unit ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Sedimentation Constant ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Spheroides ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Chromatophore material from the bacterium Rhodopseudomonas spheroides was freed of ribosomes by centrifugation in 27 per cent RbCl and then separated into "heavy" and "light" fractions by centrifugation through a sucrose gradient. The fractions differed from one another in the following ways. (a) The isopycnic density of the heavy fraction was between 1.15 and 1.18 gm/ml and that of the light fraction was 1.14 gm/ml. (b) The heavy fraction was able to bind ribosomes; the light fraction was not. (c) The light fraction was homogeneous in the ultracentrifuge and had a sedimentation constant, extrapolated to infinite dilution, of 153 s20,w. The heavy fraction was grossly heterogeneous. (d) Both the amount of bacteriochlorophyll relative to protein and the ratio of bacteriochlorophyll to carotenoids were greater in the light fraction. (e) The spectra of the two fractions in the near infra-red were different. Comparisons of the chromatophore fractions from cells with different amounts of bacteriochlorophyll showed that the specific bacteriochlorophyll contents of the two fractions did not change to the same extent as did that of the whole cells. The amount of heavy fraction from pigmented cells was roughly independent of the cellular pigment content and was about equal to that from pigment-free cells. The amount of light fraction depended on the pigment content of the cells; no light fraction was obtained from cells devoid of bacteriochlorophyll. The cytochrome complements of both fractions underwent quantitative as well as qualitative changes with varying growth conditions. The size of the photosynthetic unit in R. spheroides appeared to increase as the total cellular bacteriochlorophyll content increased; however, the number of units per light fraction particle remained constant.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric techniques for the characterization of strains involved in the blue pigmentation of food: Preliminary results

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Fasolato ◽  
Nadia Andrea Andreani ◽  
Roberta De Nardi ◽  
Giulia Nalotto ◽  
Lorenzo Serva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Small Ring ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Extracellular Products ◽  
Blue Discoloration

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRs) and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) have been investigated as rapid techniques to characterize foodborne bacteria through the analysis of the spectra of whole cells or microbial suspensions. The use of spectra collected from broth cultures could be used as a fingerprint for strain classification using a combined polyphasic approach. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of NIRs and UV-vis for the characterization of blue strains belonging to the Pseudomonas fluorescens group. The bacteria were isolated from different food matrices, including some spoiled samples (blue discoloration). Eightyone strains previously identified at the species level were grown in Minimal Bacterial Medium broth under standard conditions at 22°C. Two biological replicates were centrifuged in order to separate the bacterial cells from the extracellular products. Six aliquots per strain were analyzed on a small ring cup in transflectance mode (680-2500 nm, gap 2 nm). A subset of 39 strains was evaluated by UV-vis to determine changes in the spectral characteristics at 48 and 72 hours. Several chemometric approaches were tested to assess the performance of NIRs and UVvis. According to the variable importance in projection (VIP), the 1892-2020 nm spectral region showed the highest level of discrimination between blue strains and others. Additional information was provided in the 680-886 and 1454-1768 nm regions (aromatic C-H bonds) and in the 2036-2134 nm region (fatty acids). Changes in UV-vis spectral data (at 48 and 72 hours) appear to indicate the presence of phenazine and catecholic compounds in extracellular products.

scholarly journals The influence of soil microorganisms on heavy metal content in the substrate of waste rock dumps

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 00017
Author(s):  
Natalia Makeeva ◽  
Olga Neverova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Waste Rock ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concentration Limits

The environmental effects of mining and its impact on natural resources are of a holistic nature. One of the modern methods employed for the remediation of technogenically disturbed soils is the application of microorganisms. This paper studies the impact made by soil microorganisms on the accumulation rate of heavy metals in the substrate of waste rock dumps in the process of soil reclamation. Suspensions of soil microorganisms (microorganisms utilising mineral nitrogen forms / MUMN; microorganisms decomposing silicates / MDS; microscopic fungi / MF) were applied to the rock dump surface. Separate groups as well as their combinations were applied. The heavy metal content analysis did not indicate a significant exceedance of the maximum allowable concentration limits (MACL) in the soil of the waste rock. The only metal whose content exceeded the maximum admissible concentration limits was nickel. It has found that the application of microorganisms influences the concentration of several heavy metals due to pH level changes of the rock dump soil.

scholarly journals Influence of soluble content losses on the ability of aerobic fungi to improve the nutritional content of pre-treated forages

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-308
Author(s):  
K. R. Idowu ◽  
A. S. Chaudhry ◽  
J. Dolfing ◽  
V. O. A. Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Filtering Method ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
The Impact

Fungal improvement of the nutritive content of low-quality forages can be affected by several factors among which loss of water-soluble content (WSC) plays a major role. To achieve this aim, two growth conditions i.e. forage-liquid ratios (1:3 and 1:5) and two inoculation times (14 and 28 days) were used to cultivate the selected fungi i.e. Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) at 30°C and Ceriporiopsis rivulosus (CR) at 20°C on Brachiaria decumbens (BD), Andropogon gayanus (AG), Triticum aestivum (TA) straw, Lolium perenne (LP), respectively with the view of selecting the optimal conditions that facilitate the release of WSC. The impact that losses of WSC have on the ability of fungi to improve the nutritive content (i.e. proximate, fibre, secondary metabolites and total antioxidant content) of the forages were then measured using 2 filtering methods i.e. light pump filtering method (LFM) and free flow filtering method (FFM). The optimal conditions that supported increased th soluble was identified as 28th day for both fungi; forage-liquid ratio of 1:5 for both fungi in most of the forages except BD (CR) and BD & AG (PO). The LFM led to lesser or no improvement in the nutritive quality of the upgraded forages while the opposite was recorded with the LFM. The LFM as against the FFM produced upgraded forages with lesser reduction in NDF; similar or higher ADF and lignin contents; and similar reduction in secondary metabolites and TAC when compared with un-improved forages. It can be concluded that the fungal improvement of the nutritive content of low-quality forages was negatively affected by the loss of WSC. It is therefore recommended that fungal improvement of the nutritive quality of low quality forages should be carried out with methods or techniques that facilitates little or no WSC loss in the upgraded forages.

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