scholarly journals Opportunities and dilemmas of in vitro nano neural electrodes

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-200
Author(s):  
Yu Wu ◽  
Haowen Chen ◽  
Liang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Neural Electrodes ◽  
Brain Circuitry ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Electrical Activities

Developing electrophysiological platforms to capture electrical activities of neurons and exert modulatory stimuli lays the foundation for many neuroscience-related disciplines, including the neuron–machine interface, neuroprosthesis, and mapping of brain circuitry.

scholarly journals Chinese Veterinary Medicine B307 Promotes Cardiac Performance and Skeletal Muscle Contraction via Enhancing Intracellular Calcium Levels and Neural Electrical Activity in Animal and Cell Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Chia-Ying Lien ◽  
Chen-Wen Lu ◽  
Chih-Hsiang Hsu ◽  
Tai-Yuan Chuang ◽  
Li-Yu Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cell ◽  
Motor Functions ◽  
Electrical Activities

The study mainly investigated the effects of Chinese veterinary medicine B307 in cardiac and motor functions in animal models of pigeons and mice. Related cellular mechanisms were also studied in the neuroblastoma cell model of SH-SY5Y. Cardiac functions of pigeons and mice were examined by using moorFLPI Laser color Doppler imager and M-mode echocardiography, and motor functions were examined by using muscle electrical stimulation and force recording in the isolated breast muscle. Intracellular calcium levels and electrical activity of SH-SY5Y cells were examined by using Fura 2-AM fluorescence and MED64 system separately. Our results in vivo found that those pigeons under oral B307 treatment obviously enhanced subcutaneous microcirculation and contractile force and prolonged fatigue time in their breast muscles. Those mice under oral B307 treatment obviously elevated ejection fraction and cardiac output in their hearts. Our results in vitro showed that those SH-SY5Y cells under B307 treatment obviously increased intracellular calcium mobilization and electrical activities. These results revealed that improvement of cardiac and motor functions under B307 treatments may be caused by increasing electrical activities and intracellular calcium levels in neuromuscular cells and a similar mechanism may also occur in muscle cells. Thus, we suggested that B307 can be a functional Chinese veterinary medicine for flying pigeons.

Relaxation oscillator and core conductor models are needed for understanding of GI electrical activities

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (3) ◽  
pp. G339-G349 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Daniel ◽  
B. L. Bardakjian ◽  
J. D. Huizinga ◽  
N. E. Diamant
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Oscillator ◽  
Pacesetter Potentials ◽  
In Vitro Systems ◽  
Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Electrical Activities ◽  
Core Conductor ◽  
Oscillator Models

This review examines the applicability of modeling of intestinal electrical activities (slow waves or pacesetter potentials) by coupled relaxation oscillator models, in comparison to a “multidimensional model” based on core conductor theory. We briefly review the relaxation oscillator model and correct some misunderstandings. We point out that new insights about the role of networks of interstitial cells of Cajal in intestinal pacemaking require reconsideration of the mechanisms producing oscillations, the coupling between oscillators, and how the oscillator network is coupled to the driven cells. Recent advances in relaxation oscillator models allow the production of pacemaking pacemaking activity, which can be selectively varied as to waveform, frequency, and occurrence of silent periods. Core conductor models do not produce pacemaking activity or permit this flexibility. We point out that many of the criticisms leveled against relaxation oscillator models relate to studies made in simplified in vitro systems constrained by extensive dissection. Such systems do not adequately reflect the in vivo systems. We conclude that a full understanding of control of electrical (and mechanical) events in the gastrointestinal tract requires that better understanding of relaxation oscillator models growing out of recent research be combined with improved applications of core conductor theory to multidimensional models.

Simulation of In Vitro-Like Electrical Activities in Urinary Bladder Smooth Muscle Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Chitaranjan Mahapatra ◽  
Rohit Manchanda
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Neurotransmitter Release ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Bladder Smooth Muscle ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerve ◽  
Stochastic Nature ◽  
Urinary Bladder Smooth Muscle ◽  
Electrical Activities

Urinary bladder smooth muscle (UBSM) generates spontaneous electrical activities due to stochastic nature of purinergic neurotransmitter release from the parasympathetic nerve. The stochastic nature of the purinergic neurotransmitter release was represented by a simplified ‘point-conductance’ model to mimic in vitro-like electrical activities in UBSM cell. The point-conductance was represented by the independent synaptic conductance described by the stochastic random-walk processes and injected into a single-compartment model of mouse UBSM cell. This model successfully evoked irregular spontaneous depolarizations (SDs) and spontaneous action potential (sAP) as the properties of in vitro-like electrical activities in UBSM cells. The model mimics the T- and L-type Ca2+ ion channel blocker by setting their respective conductance to zero. We also found that the point-conductance model modulates the sAP properties by adding background activity.

scholarly journals Ultracompact Multielectrode Array for Neurological Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2286
Author(s):  
Ming-Yuan Cheng ◽  
Ramona B. Damalerio ◽  
Weiguo Chen ◽  
Ramamoorthy Rajkumar ◽  
Gavin S. Dawe
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Brain Machine Interface ◽  
Pia Mater ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Characterization Test ◽  
Spike Signals ◽  
Probe Array

Patients with paralysis, spinal cord injury, or amputated limbs could benefit from using brain–machine interface technology for communication and neurorehabilitation. In this study, a 32-channel three-dimensional (3D) multielectrode probe array was developed for the neural interface system of a brain–machine interface to monitor neural activity. A novel microassembly technique involving lead transfer was used to prevent misalignment in the bonding plane during the orthogonal assembly of the 3D multielectrode probe array. Standard microassembly and biopackaging processes were utilized to implement the proposed lead transfer technique. The maximum profile of the integrated 3D neural device was set to 0.50 mm above the pia mater to reduce trauma to brain cells. Benchtop tests characterized the electrical impedance of the neural device. A characterization test revealed that the impedance of the 3D multielectrode probe array was on average approximately 0.55 MΩ at a frequency of 1 KHz. Moreover, in vitro cytotoxicity tests verified the biocompatibility of the device. Subsequently, 3D multielectrode probe arrays were implanted in rats and exhibited the capability to record local field potentials and spike signals.

scholarly journals Development of optically controlled “living electrodes” with long-projecting axon tracts for a synaptic brain-machine interface

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. eaay5347
Author(s):  
Dayo O. Adewole ◽  
Laura A. Struzyna ◽  
Justin C. Burrell ◽  
James P. Harris ◽  
Ashley D. Nemes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
New Class ◽  
Brain Surface ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
The Brain

For implantable neural interfaces, functional/clinical outcomes are challenged by limitations in specificity and stability of inorganic microelectrodes. A biological intermediary between microelectrical devices and the brain may improve specificity and longevity through (i) natural synaptic integration with deep neural circuitry, (ii) accessibility on the brain surface, and (iii) optogenetic manipulation for targeted, light-based readout/control. Accordingly, we have developed implantable “living electrodes,” living cortical neurons, and axonal tracts protected within soft hydrogel cylinders, for optobiological monitoring/modulation of brain activity. Here, we demonstrate fabrication, rapid axonal outgrowth, reproducible cytoarchitecture, and simultaneous optical stimulation and recording of these tissue engineered constructs in vitro. We also present their transplantation, survival, integration, and optical recording in rat cortex as an in vivo proof of concept for this neural interface paradigm. The creation and characterization of these functional, optically controllable living electrodes are critical steps in developing a new class of optobiological tools for neural interfacing.

Electrical activities of neurons in the sliced human cortex in vitro

1973 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kato ◽  
Zentaro Ito ◽  
Shigeru Matsuoka ◽  
Yoshiaki Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
Human Cortex ◽  
Electrical Activities

scholarly journals Recent Progress on Microelectrodes in Neural Interfaces

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geon Kim ◽  
Kanghyun Kim ◽  
Eunji Lee ◽  
Taechang An ◽  
WooSeok Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Microelectrode Array ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Communication Signal ◽  
Neural Electrodes ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Mems Technology

Brain‒machine interface (BMI) is a promising technology that looks set to contribute to the development of artificial limbs and new input devices by integrating various recent technological advances, including neural electrodes, wireless communication, signal analysis, and robot control. Neural electrodes are a key technological component of BMI, as they can record the rapid and numerous signals emitted by neurons. To receive stable, consistent, and accurate signals, electrodes are designed in accordance with various templates using diverse materials. With the development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, electrodes have become more integrated, and their performance has gradually evolved through surface modification and advances in biotechnology. In this paper, we review the development of the extracellular/intracellular type of in vitro microelectrode array (MEA) to investigate neural interface technology and the penetrating/surface (non-penetrating) type of in vivo electrodes. We briefly examine the history and study the recently developed shapes and various uses of the electrode. Also, electrode materials and surface modification techniques are reviewed to measure high-quality neural signals that can be used in BMI.

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