scholarly journals Ultracompact Multielectrode Array for Neurological Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2286
Author(s):  
Ming-Yuan Cheng ◽  
Ramona B. Damalerio ◽  
Weiguo Chen ◽  
Ramamoorthy Rajkumar ◽  
Gavin S. Dawe
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Brain Machine Interface ◽  
Pia Mater ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Characterization Test ◽  
Spike Signals ◽  
Probe Array

Patients with paralysis, spinal cord injury, or amputated limbs could benefit from using brain–machine interface technology for communication and neurorehabilitation. In this study, a 32-channel three-dimensional (3D) multielectrode probe array was developed for the neural interface system of a brain–machine interface to monitor neural activity. A novel microassembly technique involving lead transfer was used to prevent misalignment in the bonding plane during the orthogonal assembly of the 3D multielectrode probe array. Standard microassembly and biopackaging processes were utilized to implement the proposed lead transfer technique. The maximum profile of the integrated 3D neural device was set to 0.50 mm above the pia mater to reduce trauma to brain cells. Benchtop tests characterized the electrical impedance of the neural device. A characterization test revealed that the impedance of the 3D multielectrode probe array was on average approximately 0.55 MΩ at a frequency of 1 KHz. Moreover, in vitro cytotoxicity tests verified the biocompatibility of the device. Subsequently, 3D multielectrode probe arrays were implanted in rats and exhibited the capability to record local field potentials and spike signals.

In vitro cytotoxicity assessment using three-dimensional cell cultures of MCF10A cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. S144
Author(s):  
J.P. Miranda ◽  
M. Cipriano ◽  
A.S. Fernandes ◽  
M. Castro ◽  
N.G. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assessment ◽  
Mcf10a Cells ◽  
Dimensional Cell

scholarly journals From thought to action: The brain–machine interface in posterior parietal cortex

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (52) ◽  
pp. 26274-26279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Andersen ◽  
Tyson Aflalo ◽  
Spencer Kellis
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
The Body ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Brain Machine Interface ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
The Brain

A dramatic example of translational monkey research is the development of neural prosthetics for assisting paralyzed patients. A neuroprosthesis consists of implanted electrodes that can record the intended movement of a paralyzed part of the body, a computer algorithm that decodes the intended movement, and an assistive device such as a robot limb or computer that is controlled by these intended movement signals. This type of neuroprosthetic system is also referred to as a brain–machine interface (BMI) since it interfaces the brain with an external machine. In this review, we will concentrate on BMIs in which microelectrode recording arrays are implanted in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), a high-level cortical area in both humans and monkeys that represents intentions to move. This review will first discuss the basic science research performed in healthy monkeys that established PPC as a good source of intention signals. Next, it will describe the first PPC implants in human patients with tetraplegia from spinal cord injury. From these patients the goals of movements could be quickly decoded, and the rich number of action variables found in PPC indicates that it is an appropriate BMI site for a very wide range of neuroprosthetic applications. We will discuss research on learning to use BMIs in monkeys and humans and the advances that are still needed, requiring both monkey and human research to enable BMIs to be readily available in the clinic.

3D printable Sodium alginate-Matrigel (SA-MA) hydrogel facilitated ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) neuron differentiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Xia Cao ◽  
Wenwen Deng ◽  
Qingtong Yu ◽  
Congyong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Lineage Differentiation ◽  
Cord Injury

Ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) are typical adult stem cells obtained from the cranial neural crest. They have the potential to differentiate into various cell types, such as osseous cells, neurons and glial cells. Three-dimensional (3 D) printing is a novel method to construct biological structures by rapid prototyping. Previously, our group reported on the stemness and multi-lineage differentiation potential of EMSCs on gels. However, the exploration of EMSCs in 3 D printing and then evaluation of the growth and neuronal differentiation of EMSCs on extruded 3 D printable hybrid hydrogels has not been reported. Therefore, the current study explored the novel hybrid Sodium alginate-Matrigel (SA-MA) hydrogel extruded 3 D printing to design an in vitro scaffold to promote the differentiation and growth of EMSCs. In addition, the physical properties of the hydrogel were characterized and its drug-releasing property determined. Notably, the results showed that the construct exhibited a sustain-released effect of growth factor BDNF in accordance with the Higuchi equation. Moreover, the cell survival rate on the 3 D printed scaffold was 88.22 ± 1.13% with higher neuronal differentiation efficiency compared with 2 D culture. Thus, SA-MA’s ability to enhanced EMSCs neuronal differentiation offers a new biomaterial for neurons regeneration in the treatment of spinal cord injury.

scholarly journals Derivatives of 3-Aminopyrazine-2-carboxamides: Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation, and in Vitro Cytotoxicity

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada Bouz ◽  
Lucia Semelková ◽  
Ondřej Janďourek ◽  
Klára Konečná ◽  
Pavla Paterová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Alkyl Derivatives ◽  
Current Series

We report the design, synthesis, and in vitro antimicrobial activity of a series of N-substituted 3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxamides with free amino groups in position 3 on the pyrazine ring. Based on various substituents on the carboxamidic moiety, the series is subdivided into benzyl, alkyl, and phenyl derivatives. The three-dimensional structures of the title compounds were predicted using energy minimization and low mode molecular dynamics under AMBER10:EHT forcefield. Compounds were evaluated for antimycobacterial, antibacterial, and antifungal activities in vitro. The most active compound against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb) was 3-amino-N-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (17, MIC = 12.5 µg/mL, 46 µM). Antimycobacterial activity against Mtb and M. kansasii along with antibacterial activity increased among the alkyl derivatives with increasing the length of carbon side chain. Antibacterial activity was observed for phenyl and alkyl derivatives, but not for benzyl derivatives. Antifungal activity was observed in all structural subtypes, mainly against Trichophyton interdigitale and Candida albicans. The four most active compounds (compounds 10, 16, 17, 20) were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity in HepG2 cancer cell line; only compound 20 was found to exert some level of cytotoxicity. Compounds belonging to the current series were compared to previously published, structurally related compounds in terms of antimicrobial activity to draw structure activity relationships conclusions.

scholarly journals Control of an Ambulatory Exoskeleton with a Brain–Machine Interface for Spinal Cord Injury Gait Rehabilitation

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo López-Larraz ◽  
Fernando Trincado-Alonso ◽  
Vijaykumar Rajasekaran ◽  
Soraya Pérez-Nombela ◽  
Antonio J. del-Ama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Brain Machine Interface ◽  
Gait Rehabilitation ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Machine Interface

scholarly journals 2327 Decoding/encoding somatosensation from the hand area of the human primary somatosensory (S1) cortex for a closed-loop motor/sensory brain-machine interface (BMI)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Brian Lee ◽  
Richard Andersen ◽  
Helena Chui ◽  
William Mack
Keyword(s):  
Local Field ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Local Field Potentials ◽  
Injured Patient ◽  
Brain Machine Interface ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Initial Surgery ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
The Brain

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: A brain-machine interface (BMI) is a device implanted into the brain of a paralyzed or injured patient to control an external assistive device, such as a cursor on a computer screen, a motorized wheelchair, or a robotic limb. We hypothesize we can utilize electrical stimulation of subdural electrocorticography (ECoG) electrodes as a method of generating the percepts of somatosensation such as vibration, temperature, or proprioception. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: There will be 10 subjects, who are informed, willing, and consented epilepsy patients undergoing initial surgery for placement of subdural ECoG electrodes in the brain for seizure monitoring. ECoG will be used as a platform for recording high-resolution local field potentials during real-touch behavioral tasks. In addition, ECoG will also be used to electrically stimulate the human cerebral cortex in order to map and understand how varying stimulation parameters produce percepts of sensation. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: To determine how tactile and proprioceptive signals are integrated in S1, we will perform spectral analysis of the broadband local field potentials to look for increased power in specific frequency bands in the ECoG recordings while touching or moving the hand. To explore generating artificial sensation, the subject will be asked to perform a variety of tasks with and without the aid of stimulation. We anticipate the subject’s performance will be enhanced with the addition of artificial sensation. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Many patients might benefit from a BMI, such as those with stroke, amputation, spinal cord injury, or brain trauma. The current generation of BMI devices are guided by visual feedback alone. However, without somatosensory feedback, even the most basic limb movements are difficult to perform in a fluid and natural manner. The results from this project will be crucial to developing a closed loop motor/sensory BMI.

Synthesis of dimeric and tetrameric macrolactams with cytotoxic activity1

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 925-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Gentile ◽  
Daniela Fattori ◽  
Maurizio Botta ◽  
Federico Corelli ◽  
Domenico Fusar-Bassini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parent Compound ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Crystallographic Analysis ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Macrocyclic Compounds ◽  
Final Compound ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

Cyclization of amino acid 14, in turn prepared from 4,4-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one by standard chemistry, yielded the dimeric and tetrameric macrolactams 15 and 16, respectively, representing the first examples of "taxoid-like" compounds with heterocyclic B rings. Compounds 15 and 16 exhibited moderate antiproliferative activity in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay. Consequently, an orthogonally diprotected, dimeric macrolactam 19 was synthesized and, after selective deprotection of the hydroxy group, was coupled with the docetaxel side chain to give the final compound 2, showing three-dimensional shape similarity to paclitaxel. Contrary to our expectations, 2 proved to be as active as the parent compound 15. The structure of 15 has been confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis and is also reported.Key words: macrolactams, macrocyclic compounds, taxane analogs, cytotoxic activity.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of Methoxylated and Methylated 1-Hydroxynaphthalene-2-Carboxanilides: Comparative Molecular Surface Analysis

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (16) ◽  
pp. 2991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Michnová ◽  
Šárka Pospíšilová ◽  
Tomáš Goněc ◽  
Iva Kapustíková ◽  
Peter Kollár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽  
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Molecular Surface

A series of twenty-six methoxylated and methylated N-aryl-1-hydroxynaphthalene- 2-carboxanilides was prepared and characterized as potential anti-invasive agents. The molecular structure of N-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxamide as a model compound was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All the analysed compounds were tested against the reference strain Staphylococcus aureus and three clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus as well as against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. kansasii. In addition, the inhibitory profile of photosynthetic electron transport in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts was specified. In vitro cytotoxicity of the most effective compounds was tested on the human monocytic leukaemia THP-1 cell line. The activities of N-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-, N-(3-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)- and N-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carbox- amide were comparable with or even better than the commonly used standards ampicillin and isoniazid. All promising compounds did not show any cytotoxic effect at the concentration >30 µM. Moreover, an in silico evaluation of clogP features was performed for the entire set of the carboxamides using a range of software lipophilicity predictors, and cross-comparison with the experimentally determined lipophilicity (log k), in consensus lipophilicity estimation, was conducted as well. Principal component analysis was employed to illustrate noticeable variations with respect to the molecular lipophilicity (theoretical/experimental) and rule-of-five violations. Additionally, ligand-oriented studies for the assessment of the three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship profile were carried out with the comparative molecular surface analysis to determine electron and/or steric factors that potentially contribute to the biological activities of the investigated compounds.

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