scholarly journals Keggin-structure heteropolyacid supported on alumina to be used in trans/esterification of high-acid feedstocks

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (41) ◽  
pp. 23450-23458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leyvison Rafael V. da Conceição ◽  
Cristiano E. R. Reis ◽  
Rosemar de Lima ◽  
Daniela V. Cortez ◽  
Heizir F. de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Keggin Structure ◽  
High Acid ◽  
In Trans

Heteropolyacids (HPA) with Keggin structures, such as H3PMo12O40 (H3PMo), have been described as efficient catalysts in trans/esterifications of high-acid feedstocks due to their tolerance to water and free fatty acids contents.

Catalyst-free microwave-assisted conversion of free fatty acids in triglyceride feedstocks with high acid content

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 524-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Geuens ◽  
Sergey Sergeyev ◽  
Bert U.W. Maes ◽  
Serge M.F. Tavernier
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
High Acid ◽  
Catalyst Free

Partition of Free Fatty Acids in Deacidification of Macaúba Pulp Oil by Liquid-Liquid Extraction Using Ethanol/Water as Solvent

2011 ◽  
Vol 312-315 ◽  
pp. 554-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Gomes Brito Mariano ◽  
Carolina Moura Da Silva ◽  
Sonia Couri ◽  
Regina Isabel Nogueira ◽  
Suely Pereira Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Acid Oil ◽  
High Acid ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Water As Solvent ◽  
Acid Acid

Free fatty acids (FFA) is one of the most frequently determined quality indices in fats and oils industry because it has the economic impacts on production [1]. The FFA in macaúba pulp oil is usually very high (10 to 40%) due to enzymatic activity in the raw material [2]. In this case, alkali neutralization is not economically recommended due to neutral oil loss by occlusion in soapstock. The differential solubility of fatty acids and triacylglycerides (TAG) in various organic solvents has formed the basis of several processes for deacidification of crude oils by liquid–liquid extraction [3]. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the influence of raw oil acidity, ethanol/water ratio, water content in ethanol and temperature extraction on partition coefficients of FFA during macaúba oil deacidification. The macaúba crude oil presented high acid index, about 86  1.2 mg KOH/g. The extraction data for the system macaúba oil + free fatty acids + ethanol + water was determined for oil:solvent mass ratios 1:1. Alcoholic solutions containing 2 to 10 % (w/w) of water were used to FFA extraction and the partition coefficients were determined after 24 hours at room temperature (293 K). The phase’s separation was observed for water content in the mixture above 4%. After solvent evaporation, the FFA in oil phase was evaluated by AOCS standard method. Regarding the high acid oil, the single stage liquid-liquid extraction reduced the FFA in macaúba pulp oil in about 23 % while the three batch stages reduced up to 60%. At the selected parameters (ethanol 94oGL, solvent/substrate ratio = 2), the partition coefficients in the firs stage to FFA (KFFA) were 30.45, 12.00 and 1.95, respectively to high acid, acid and low acid macaúba oils and the partition coefficients to TAG (KTAG) were 7.07, 0.04 and 0.02, respectively to high acid, acid and low acid macaúba oils. These results show the potential of ethanol to vegetable oil deacidification. Besides reduced generation of environmental pollutants, this new approach could also lead to reduction in oil losses, especially for low acid oil.

scholarly journals Improving Biodiesel Conversions from Blends of High- and Low-Acid-Value Waste Cooking Oils Using Sodium Methoxide as a Catalyst Based on a High Speed Homogenizer

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chien Hsiao ◽  
Jui-Yang Kuo ◽  
Pei-Hsuan Hsieh ◽  
Shuhn-Shyurng Hou
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
High Price ◽  
High Acid ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
Cooking Oils

Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly and sustainable fuel. However, the high price of the biodiesel produced from pure vegetable oil contributes to making it uncompetitive in the market. If we can make low cost oils such as waste cooking oil and high-acid-value oil available as resources, the cost of biodiesel production will be reduced significantly. However, these low cost oils cannot be used to produce biodiesel directly because they usually contain a large amount of free fatty acids. They have to undergo a preparatory procedure to lower the acid value to a specific value. The purpose of this study was to lower the amount of free fatty acids in waste cooking oils by blending high- and low-value oils at different ratios and to reduce the transesterification reaction time using a high speed homogenizer, which has the potential to easily enlarge the capacity scale. We used a high-acid-value oil to low-acid-value oil volume ratio of 4:6 as a control. A high conversion rate (97.1%) was achieved under the optimal reaction conditions: methanol-to-oil molar ratio, 9:1; amount of catalyst (CH3ONa) used, 0.75 wt %; reaction temperature, 65 °C; rotation speed, 8000 rpm; and reaction time, 8 min.

GENERAL EFFECTS OF α-MELANOCYTE STIMULATING HORMONE IN THE RABBIT

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Dyster-Aas ◽  
C. E. T. Krakau
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Systemic Effects ◽  
List Type ◽  
Aqueous Flare ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Blood Aqueous Barrier

ABSTRACT In addition to the previously described permeability disturbance in the blood aqueous barrier of the eye, measured as an increase of the aqueous flare, a series of transitory systemic effects have been recorded following the subcutaneous injection of synthetic α-MSH: marked increase of the free fatty acids in plasma, decrease in the serum calcium level, decrease in the blood pressure, increase in the skin temperature, increased frequency and diminished amplitude of respiration, presence of slow waves in the EEG. There is a correlation between the magnitude of the aqueous flare increase and the increase of free fatty acids in plasma and also between the aqueous flare and the minimum serum calcium level.

The Relationship of Fasting Free Fatty Acids, Adipose Tissue, Insulin Resistance, and Fasting Glucose Concentrations with Subsequent ß-Cell Function in Nondiabetic Subjects

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1812-P
Author(s):  
MARIA D. HURTADO ◽  
J.D. ADAMS ◽  
MARCELLO C. LAURENTI ◽  
CHIARA DALLA MAN ◽  
CLAUDIO COBELLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

1010-P: Effects of MEDI0382, an Oxyntomodulin-Like Peptide with Targeted GLP-1/Glucagon Receptor Activity, on Amino Acids, Ketones, and Free Fatty Acids

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1010-P
Author(s):  
VICTORIA E. PARKER ◽  
DARREN ROBERTSON ◽  
TAO WANG ◽  
DAVID C. HORNIGOLD ◽  
MAXIMILIAN G. POSCH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Receptor Activity ◽  
Glucagon Receptor
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