Proteomic profile of the hard corona of charged polystyrene nanoparticles exposed to sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus coelomic fluid highlights potential drivers of toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 2937-2947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Grassi ◽  
Claudia Landi ◽  
Camilla Della Torre ◽  
Elisa Bergami ◽  
Luca Bini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Proteomic Profile ◽  
Polystyrene Nanoparticles ◽  
Oppositely Charged

The biological identity of oppositely charged polystyrene nanoparticles entails the potential for cell interactions and toxicity.

Amino-modified polystyrene nanoparticles affect signalling pathways of the sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) embryos

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Pinsino ◽  
Elisa Bergami ◽  
Camilla Della Torre ◽  
Maria Luisa Vannuccini ◽  
Piero Addis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Polystyrene Nanoparticles ◽  
Modified Polystyrene

scholarly journals The Diverse Transformer (Trf) Protein Family in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus Acts through a Collaboration between Cellular and Humoral Immune Effector Arms

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6639
Author(s):  
Iryna Yakovenko ◽  
Asaf Donnyo ◽  
Or Ioscovich ◽  
Benyamin Rosental ◽  
Matan Oren
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Protein Family ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Immune Effector ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Humoral Immune

Sea urchins are long-living marine invertebrates with a complex innate immune system, which includes expanded families of immune receptors. A central immune gene family in sea urchins encodes the Transformer (Trf) proteins. The Trf family has been studied mainly in the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Here, we explore this protein family in the Mediterranean Sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The PlTrf genes and predicted proteins are highly diverse and show a typical Trf size range and structure. Coelomocytes and cell-free coelomic fluid from P. lividus contain different PlTrf protein repertoires with a shared subset, that bind specifically to E. coli. Using FACS, we identified five different P. lividus coelomocyte sub-populations with cell surface PlTrf protein expression. The relative abundance of the PlTrf-positive cells increases sharply following immune challenge with E. coli, but not following challenge with LPS or the sea urchin pathogen, Vibrio penaeicida. Phagocytosis of E. coli by P. lividus phagocytes is mediated through the cell-free coelomic fluid and is inhibited by blocking PlTrf activity with anti-SpTrf antibodies. Together, our results suggest a collaboration between cellular and humoral PlTrf-mediated effector arms in the P. lividus specific immune response to pathogens.

scholarly journals Composition and geographic variation of the bacterial microbiota associated with the coelomic fluid of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Faddetta ◽  
Francesco Ardizzone ◽  
Francesca Faillaci ◽  
Chiara Reina ◽  
Emilia Palazzotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Microbiota Structure

AbstractIn the present work, culture-based and culture-independent investigations were performed to determine the microbiota structure of the coelomic fluid of Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus individuals collected from two distinct geographical sites neighboring a high-density population bay and a nature reserve, respectively. Next Generation Sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) showed that members of the Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria phyla, which have been previously reported to be commonly retrieved from marine invertebrates, dominate the overall population of microorganisms colonizing this liquid tissue, with minority bacterial genera exhibiting remarkable differences among individuals. Our results showed that there is a correlation between microbiota structure and geographical location of the echinoderm collection site, highlighting over-representation of metagenomic functions related to amino acid and bioactive peptides metabolism in specimens inhabiting the nature reserve. Finally, we also described the developmental delay and aberrations exhibited by sea urchin embryos exposed to distinct bacterial isolates, and showed that these defects rely upon hydrophilic compound(s) synthesized by the bacterial strains assayed. Altogether, our findings lay the groundwork to decipher the relationships of bacteria with sea urchins in their aquatic environment, also providing an additional layer of information to understand the biological roles of the coelomic fluid.

scholarly journals Temporal fluctuations in seawater pCO2 may be as important as mean differences when determining physiological sensitivity in natural systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Small ◽  
Marco Milazzo ◽  
Camilla Bertolini ◽  
Helen Graham ◽  
Chris Hauton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Physiological Capacity ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Seawater Pco2

Abstract Most studies assessing the impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on benthic marine invertebrates have used stable mean pH/pCO2 levels to highlight variation in the physiological sensitivities in a range of taxa. However, many marine environments experience natural fluctuations in carbonate chemistry, and to date little attempt has been made to understand the effect of naturally fluctuating seawater pCO2 (pCO2sw) on the physiological capacity of organisms to maintain acid–base homeostasis. Here, for the first time, we exposed two species of sea urchin with different acid–base tolerances, Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula, to naturally fluctuating pCO2sw conditions at shallow water CO2 seep systems (Vulcano, Italy) and assessed their acid–base responses. Both sea urchin species experienced fluctuations in extracellular coelomic fluid pH, pCO2, and [HCO3−] (pHe, pCO2e, and [HCO3−]e, respectively) in line with fluctuations in pCO2sw. The less tolerant species, P. lividus, had the greatest capacity for [HCO3−]e buffering in response to acute pCO2sw fluctuations, but it also experienced greater extracellular hypercapnia and acidification and was thus unable to fully compensate for acid–base disturbances. Conversely, the more tolerant A. lixula relied on non-bicarbonate protein buffering and greater respiratory control. In the light of these findings, we discuss the possible energetic consequences of increased reliance on bicarbonate buffering activity in P. lividus compared with A. lixula and how these differing physiological responses to acute fluctuations in pCO2sw may be as important as chronic responses to mean changes in pCO2sw when considering how CO2 emissions will affect survival and success of marine organisms within naturally assembled systems.

scholarly journals Presence and biodistribution of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in Paracentrotus lividus highlight its potential application for environmental biomonitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Savoca ◽  
Raffaella Melfi ◽  
Antonio Palumbo Piccionello ◽  
Salvatore Barreca ◽  
Silvestre Buscemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Polluted Site ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Pfoa Concentration

AbstractThe first determination of presence and biodistribution of PFOA in ninety specimens of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus from two differently contaminated sites along Palermo’s coastline (Sicily) is reported. Analyses were performed on the sea urchins’ coelomic fluids, coelomocytes, gonads or mixed organs, as well as on seawater and Posidonia oceanica leaves samples from the collection sites. PFOA concentration ranged between 1 and 13 ng/L in seawater and between 0 and 794 ng/g in P. oceanica. The analyses carried out on individuals of P. lividus from the least polluted site (A) showed PFOA median values equal to 0 in all the matrices (coelomic fluid, coelomocytes and gonads). Conversely, individuals collected from the most polluted site (B) showed median PFOA concentrations of 21 ng/g in coelomic fluid, 153 ng/g in coelomocytes, and 195 ng/g in gonads. Calculated bioconcentration factors of log10BCF > 3.7 confirmed the very bioaccumulative nature of PFOA. Significant correlations were found between the PFOA concentration of the coelomic fluid versus the total PFOA concentration of the entire sea urchin. PERMANOVA (p = 0.001) end Welch's t-test (p < 0.001) analyses showed a difference between specimens collected from the two sites highlighting the potential application of P. lividus as sentinel species for PFOA biomonitoring.

scholarly journals Effects of Glyphosate-Based and Derived Products on Sea Urchin Larval Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Davide Asnicar ◽  
Costanza Cappelli ◽  
Ahmad Safuan Sallehuddin ◽  
Nur Atiqah Maznan ◽  
Maria Gabriella Marin
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Aminomethylphosphonic Acid ◽  
Main Degradation Product ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

Despite the widespread use of herbicide glyphosate in cultivation, its extensive runoff into rivers and to coastal areas, and the persistence of this chemical and its main degradation product (aminomethylphosphonic acid, AMPA) in the environment, there is still little information on the potential negative effects of glyphosate, its commercial formulation Roundup® and AMPA on marine species. This study was conducted with the aim of providing a comparative evaluation of the effects of glyphosate-based and its derived chemicals on the larval development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, thus providing new data to describe the potential ecotoxicity of these contaminants. In particular, the effects on larval development, growth and metabolism were assessed during 48 h of exposure from the time of egg fertilization. The results confirm that AMPA and its parent compound, glyphosate have similar toxicity, as observed in other marine invertebrates. However, interestingly, the Roundup® formulation seemed to be less toxic than the glyphosate alone.

scholarly journals Biometric characteristics of the wild population of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) on the Tunisian coast

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sellem ◽  
B. Bouhaouala-Zahar
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Tunisian Coast ◽  
Population Discrimination ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
Negative Growth

AbstractThe present study was conducted to provide biometric data of the edible sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus along the Tunisian coastline where thirteen marine localities were selected randomly. A total of 653 individuals were collected and their metric and weight measurements were recorded. The size distribution of the different samples was determined and relative growth expressions were deduced. Data analysis showed that all localities’ samples of the wild population were dominated by one-size class, except Port Prince and Haouaria. Interestingly, only diameter-height relationships (D-H) were different between the geographical localities. Diameter-weight relationships (D-TW and D-TWTE) revealed a significant negative growth for all the localities, with the exception of Gammarth which showed positive growth for total weight (D-TW). Moreover, the multivariable analysis revealed divergences and/or similarities between metric and weight variables. Altogether, data highlights the inter-population discrimination with respect to geographic localization and clear segregation between the northern and the eastern localities demonstrated the plasticity of the species.

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