The health and climate impacts of carbon capture and direct air capture

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3567-3574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Z. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Direct Air Capture ◽  
Air Capture

Data from a coal with carbon capture and use (CCU) plant and a synthetic direct air carbon capture and use (SDACCU) plant are analyzed for the equipment's ability, alone, to reduce CO2.

scholarly journals Flue-gas and direct-air capture of CO 2 by porous metal–organic materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 375 (2084) ◽  
pp. 20160025 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Madden ◽  
Hayley S. Scott ◽  
Amrit Kumar ◽  
Kai-Jie Chen ◽  
Rana Sanii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Porous Metal ◽  
Gas Mixtures ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Direct Air Capture ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
Metal Organic

Sequestration of CO 2 , either from gas mixtures or directly from air (direct air capture), is a technological goal important to large-scale industrial processes such as gas purification and the mitigation of carbon emissions. Previously, we investigated five porous materials, three porous metal–organic materials (MOMs), a benchmark inorganic material, Zeolite 13X and a chemisorbent, TEPA-SBA-15 , for their ability to adsorb CO 2 directly from air and from simulated flue-gas. In this contribution, a further 10 physisorbent materials that exhibit strong interactions with CO 2 have been evaluated by temperature-programmed desorption for their potential utility in carbon capture applications: four hybrid ultramicroporous materials, SIFSIX-3-Cu , DICRO-3-Ni-i , SIFSIX-2-Cu-i and MOOFOUR-1-Ni ; five microporous MOMs, DMOF-1 , ZIF-8 , MIL-101 , UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH 2 ; an ultramicroporous MOM, Ni-4-PyC . The performance of these MOMs was found to be negatively impacted by moisture. Overall, we demonstrate that the incorporation of strong electrostatics from inorganic moieties combined with ultramicropores offers improved CO 2 capture performance from even moist gas mixtures but not enough to compete with chemisorbents. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Coordination polymers and metal–organic frameworks: materials by design’.

scholarly journals Effects of Direct Air Capture Technology Availability on Stranded Assets and Committed Emissions in the Power Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreekar Pradhan ◽  
William M. Shobe ◽  
Jay Fuhrman ◽  
Haewon McJeon ◽  
Matthew Binsted ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Integrated Assessment Model ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Direct Air Capture ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
Storage Technologies

We examine the effects of negative emission technologies availability on fossil fuel-based electricity generating assets under deep decarbonization trajectories. Our study focuses on potential premature retirements (stranding) and committed emissions of existing power plants globally and the effects of deploying direct air carbon capture and biomass-based carbon capture and sequestration technologies. We use the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM), an integrated assessment model, to simulate the global supply of electricity under a climate mitigation scenario that limits global warming to 1.5–2°C temperature increase over the century. Our results show that the availability of direct air capture (DAC) technologies reduces the stranding of existing coal and gas based conventional power plants and delays any stranding further into the future. DAC deployment under the climate mitigation goal of limiting the end-of-century warming to 1.5–2°C would reduce the stranding of power generation from 250 to 350 GW peaking during 2035-2040 to 130-150 GW in years 2050-2060. With the availability of direct air capture and carbon storage technologies, the carbon budget to meet the climate goal of limiting end-of-century warming to 1.5–2°C would require abating 28–33% of 564 Gt CO2 -the total committed CO2 emissions from the existing power plants vs. a 46–57% reduction in the scenario without direct air capture and carbon storage technologies.

The 1.5°C Target, Political Implications, and the Role of BECCS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Fuss
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Direct Air Capture ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
Negative Emissions ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
And Storage

The 2°C target for global warming had been under severe scrutiny in the run-up to the climate negotiations in Paris in 2015 (COP21). Clearly, with a remaining carbon budget of 470–1,020 GtCO2eq from 2015 onwards for a 66% probability of stabilizing at concentration levels consistent with remaining below 2°C warming at the end of the 21st century and yearly emissions of about 40 GtCO2 per year, not much room is left for further postponing action. Many of the low stabilization pathways actually resort to the extraction of CO2 from the atmosphere (known as negative emissions or Carbon Dioxide Removal [CDR]), mostly by means of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS): if the biomass feedstock is produced sustainably, the emissions would be low or even carbon-neutral, as the additional planting of biomass would sequester about as much CO2 as is generated during energy generation. If additionally carbon capture and storage is applied, then the emissions balance would be negative. Large BECCS deployment thus facilitates reaching the 2°C target, also allowing for some flexibility in other sectors that are difficult to decarbonize rapidly, such as the agricultural sector. However, the large reliance on BECCS has raised uneasiness among policymakers, the public, and even scientists, with risks to sustainability being voiced as the prime concern. For example, the large-scale deployment of BECCS would require vast areas of land to be set aside for the cultivation of biomass, which is feared to conflict with conservation of ecosystem services and with ensuring food security in the face of a still growing population.While the progress that has been made in Paris leading to an agreement on stabilizing “well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels” and “pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C” was mainly motivated by the extent of the impacts, which are perceived to be unacceptably high for some regions already at lower temperature increases, it has to be taken with a grain of salt: moving to 1.5°C will further shrink the time frame to act and BECCS will play an even bigger role. In fact, aiming at 1.5°C will substantially reduce the remaining carbon budget previously indicated for reaching 2°C. Recent research on the biophysical limits to BECCS and also other negative emissions options such as Direct Air Capture indicates that they all run into their respective bottlenecks—BECCS with respect to land requirements, but on the upside producing bioenergy as a side product, while Direct Air Capture does not need much land, but is more energy-intensive. In order to provide for the negative emissions needed for achieving the 1.5°C target in a sustainable way, a portfolio of negative emissions options needs to minimize unwanted effects on non–climate policy goals.

scholarly journals Post-Combustion Capture or Direct Air Capture in Decarbonizing US Natural Gas Power?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Azarabadi ◽  
Klaus S. Lackner
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Direct Air Capture ◽  
Natural Gas Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

<p>This analysis investigates the cost of carbon capture from the US natural gas-fired electricity generating fleet comparing two technologies: Post-Combustion Capture and Direct Air Capture (DAC). Many Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) units are suitable for post-combustion capture. We estimated the cost of post-combustion retrofits and investigated the most important unit characteristics contributing to this cost. Units larger than 350 MW, younger than 15 years, more efficient than 42% and with a utilization (capacity factor) higher than 0.5 are economically retrofittable. Counterintuitively, DAC (which is usually not considered for point-source capture) may be cheaper in addressing emissions from non-retrofittable NGCCs. DAC can also address the residual emissions from retrofitted plants. Moreover, economic challenges of post-combustion capture for small natural gas-fired units with low utilization, such as gas turbines, make DAC look favorable for these units. Considering the cost of post-combustion capture for the entire natural gas-related emissions after incorporating the impact of learning-by-doing for both carbon capture technologies, DAC is the cheaper capture solution for at least 1/3 of all emissions. </p>

scholarly journals Impact of carbon dioxide removal technologies on deep decarbonization of the electric power sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. T. Bistline ◽  
Geoffrey J. Blanford
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Capacity Planning ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Removal ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Removal ◽  
Electric Sector ◽  
Direct Air Capture ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
Removal Technologies

AbstractCarbon dioxide removal technologies, such as bioenergy with carbon capture and direct air capture, are valuable for stringent climate targets. Previous work has examined implications of carbon removal, primarily bioenergy-based technologies using integrated assessment models, but not investigated the effects of a portfolio of removal options on power systems in detail. Here, we explore impacts of carbon removal technologies on electric sector investments, costs, and emissions using a detailed capacity planning and dispatch model with hourly resolution. We show that adding carbon removal to a mix of low-carbon generation technologies lowers the costs of deep decarbonization. Changes to system costs and investments from including carbon removal are larger as policy ambition increases, reducing the dependence on technologies like advanced nuclear and long-duration storage. Bioenergy with carbon capture is selected for net-zero electric sector emissions targets, but direct air capture deployment increases as biomass supply costs rise.

Guanidine as a strong CO2 adsorbent: A DFT study on cooperative CO2 adsorption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Anila ◽  
Cherumuttathu Hariharan Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Co2 Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Dft Study ◽  
Direct Air Capture ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
Ccs Technologies ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Co2 Adsorbent

Among the various carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, direct air capture (DAC) of CO2 by engineered chemical reactions on suitable adsorbents has attained more attention in recent times. Guanidine...

scholarly journals Direct air capture of CO2: A response to meet the global climate targets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihrimah Ozkan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Direct Air Capture ◽  
Air Capture

Highlights DAC can help deal with difficult to avoid emissions. Large-scale deployment of DAC requires serious government, private, and corporate support and investment particularly to offset the capital cost as well as operational costs. Further optimizations to the costs can be found in choice of energy source as well as advances in CO2 capture technology such as high capacity and selectivity materials, faster reaction kinetics, and ease of reusability. Abstract Direct air capture (DAC) technologies are receiving increasing attention from the scientific community, commercial enterprises, policymakers and governments. While deep decarbonization of all sectors is required to meet the Paris Agreement target, DAC can help deal with difficult to avoid emissions (aviation, ocean-shipping, iron-steel, cement, mining, plastics, fertilizers, pulp and paper). While large-scale deployment of DAC discussions continues, a closer look to the capital and operational costs, different capture technologies, the choice of energy source, land and water requirements, and other environmental impacts of DAC are reviewed and examined. Cost per ton of CO2 captured discussions of leading industrial DAC developers with their carbon capture technologies are presented, and their detailed cost comparisons are evaluated based on the choice of energy operation together with process energy requirements. Validation of two active plants’ net negative emission contributions after reducing their own carbon footprint is presented. Future directions and recommendations to lower the current capital and operational costs of DAC are given. In view of large-scale deployment of DAC, and the considerations of high capital costs, private investments, government initiatives, net zero commitments of corporations, and support from the oil companies combined will help increase carbon capture capacity by building more DAC plants worldwide. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals How Low-Carbon Heat Requirements for Direct Air Capture of CO2 Can Enable the Expansion of Firm Low-Carbon Electricity Generation Resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Slesinski ◽  
Scott Litzelman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Nuclear Plant ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Direct Air Capture ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

A rapid build-out of direct air capture (DAC), deployed in order to mitigate climate change, will require significant amounts of both low-carbon thermal and electrical energy. Firm low-carbon power resources, including nuclear, geothermal, or natural gas with carbon capture, which also will become more highly valued as variable renewable energy penetration increases, would be able to provide both heat and electricity for DAC. In this study, we examined the techno-economic synergy between a hypothetical DAC plant in the year 2030 and a nuclear small modular reactor, and determined two avenues for which this relationship could benefit the nuclear plant. First, we demonstrated that, under certain assumptions, selling a portion of its energy to a DAC facility allows the nuclear plant to take in 21% less revenue from selling electricity to wholesale markets than its projected levelized cost, and still break even. Second, after estimating a potential revenue stream, we showed that an integration with DAC allows for the nuclear plant's capital costs to be up to 35% higher than what would be required if only selling electricity to wholesale markets. This could enable the nuclear plant to operate economically even in the face of variable and decreasing wholesale electricity prices, and also could offer developers more financial certainty when planning a new project. Ultimately, this study shows that the need for low-carbon energy for DAC plants might incentivize the development of advanced nuclear plants and firm low-carbon resources more broadly.

Post-Combustion Capture or Direct Air Capture in Decarbonizing US Natural Gas Power?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Azarabadi ◽  
Klaus S. Lackner
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Direct Air Capture ◽  
Natural Gas Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

<p>This analysis investigates the cost of carbon capture from the US natural gas-fired electricity generating fleet comparing two technologies: Post-Combustion Capture and Direct Air Capture (DAC). Many Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) units are suitable for post-combustion capture. We estimated the cost of post-combustion retrofits and investigated the most important unit characteristics contributing to this cost. Units larger than 350 MW, younger than 15 years, more efficient than 42% and with a utilization (capacity factor) higher than 0.5 are economically retrofittable. Counterintuitively, DAC (which is usually not considered for point-source capture) may be cheaper in addressing emissions from non-retrofittable NGCCs. DAC can also address the residual emissions from retrofitted plants. Moreover, economic challenges of post-combustion capture for small natural gas-fired units with low utilization, such as gas turbines, make DAC look favorable for these units. Considering the cost of post-combustion capture for the entire natural gas-related emissions after incorporating the impact of learning-by-doing for both carbon capture technologies, DAC is the cheaper capture solution for at least 1/3 of all emissions. </p>

scholarly journals Young People's Burden: Requirement of Negative CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hansen ◽  
Makiko Sato ◽  
Pushker Kharecha ◽  
Karina von Schuckmann ◽  
David J Beerling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Young People ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Global Temperature ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
Fossil Fuel Emissions

Abstract. The rapid rise of global temperature that began about 1975 continues at a mean rate of about 0.18 °C/decade, with the current annual temperature exceeding &amp;plus;1.25 °C relative to 1880–1920. Global temperature has just reached a level similar to the mean level in the prior interglacial (Eemian) period, when sea level was several meters higher than today, and, if it long remains at this level, slow amplifying feedbacks will lead to greater climate change and consequences. The growth rate of climate forcing due to human-caused greenhouse gases (GHGs) increased over 20 % in the past decade mainly due to resurging growth of atmospheric CH4, thus making it increasingly difficult to achieve targets such as limiting global warming to 1.5 °C or reducing atmospheric CO2 below 350 ppm. Such targets now require "negative emissions", i.e., extraction of CO2 from the atmosphere. If rapid phasedown of fossil fuel emissions begins soon, most of the necessary CO2 extraction can take place via improved agricultural and forestry practices, including reforestation and steps to improve soil fertility and increase its carbon content. In this case, the magnitude and duration of global temperature excursion above the natural range of the current interglacial (Holocene) could be limited and irreversible climate impacts could be minimized. In contrast, continued high fossil fuel emissions by the current generation would place a burden on young people to undertake massive technological CO2 extraction, if they are to limit climate change. Proposed methods of extraction such as bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) or air capture of CO2 imply minimal estimated costs of 104–570 trillion dollars this century, with large risks and uncertain feasibility. Continued high fossil fuel emissions unarguably sentences young people to either a massive, possibly implausible cleanup or growing deleterious climate impacts or both, scenarios that should provide both incentive and obligation for governments to alter energy policies without further delay.

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