Particulate carrier systems as adjuvants for cancer vaccines

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4873-4887 ◽  
Author(s):  
May Tun Saung ◽  
Xiyu Ke ◽  
Gregory P. Howard ◽  
Lei Zheng ◽  
Hai-Quan Mao
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Vaccine ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Particulate Carrier ◽  
Carrier Systems ◽  
Particulate Systems

Particulate systems including nanoparticles and microparticles show great potential as carriers for antigen and adjuvant delivery in cancer vaccine development.

Cancer vaccines using supramolecular hydrogels of NSAID-modified peptides as adjuvants abolish tumorigenesis

Nanoscale ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (37) ◽  
pp. 14058-14064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyan Wang ◽  
Chunhui Liang ◽  
Fang Shi ◽  
Tao He ◽  
Changyang Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Vaccine ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Modified Peptides

We demonstrated in this study that supramolecular hydrogels of NSAID-modified peptides are promising adjuvants for cancer vaccine development.

scholarly journals A novel immunopeptidomic-based pipeline for the generation of personalized oncolytic cancer vaccines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Feola ◽  
Jacopo Chiaro ◽  
Beatriz Martins ◽  
Salvatore Russo ◽  
Manlio Fusciello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Vaccine ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Tumor Cell Line ◽  
Vaccine Platform ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Selection Of

Beside the isolation and identification of MHC-I restricted peptides from the surface of cancer cells, one of the challenges is eliciting an effective anti-tumor CD8+ T cell mediated response as part of therapeutic cancer vaccine. Therefore, the establishment of a solid pipeline for the downstream selection of clinically relevant peptides and the subsequent creation of therapeutic cancer vaccines are of utmost importance. Indeed, the use of peptides for eliciting specific anti-tumor adaptive immunity is hindered by two main limitations: the efficient selection of the most optimal candidate peptides and the use of a highly immunogenic platform to combine with the peptides to induce effective tumor-specific adaptive immune responses. Here, we describe for the first time a streamlined pipeline for the generation of personalized cancer vaccines starting from the isolation and selection of the most immunogenic peptide candidates expressed on the tumor cells and ending in the generation of efficient therapeutic oncolytic cancer vaccines. This immunopeptidomics-based pipeline was carefully validated in a murine colon tumor model CT26. Specifically, we used state-of-the-art immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometric methodologies to isolate >8000 peptide targets from the CT26 tumor cell line. The selection of the target candidates was then based on two separate approaches: RNAseq analysis and the HEX software. The latter is a tool previously developed by Chiaro et al. (1), able to identify tumor antigens similar to pathogen antigens, in order to exploit molecular mimicry and tumor pathogen cross-reactive T-cells in cancer vaccine development. The generated list of candidates (twenty-six in total) was further tested in a functional characterization assay using interferon-γ ELISpot (Enzyme-Linked Immunospot), reducing the number of candidates to six. These peptides were then tested in our previously described oncolytic cancer vaccine platform PeptiCRAd, a vaccine platform that combines an immunogenic oncolytic adenovirus (OAd) coated with tumor antigen peptides. In our work, PeptiCRAd was successfully used for the treatment of mice bearing CT26, controlling the primary malignant lesion and most importantly a secondary, non-treated, cancer lesion. These results confirmed the feasibility of applying the described pipeline for the selection of peptide candidates and generation of therapeutic oncolytic cancer vaccine, filling a gap in the field of cancer immunotherapy, and paving the way to translate our pipeline into human therapeutic approach.

scholarly journals Selecting Target Antigens for Cancer Vaccine Development

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Buonaguro ◽  
Maria Tagliamonte
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cancer Vaccine ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine ◽  
Memory T Cell ◽  
Heteroclitic Peptides ◽  
Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines

One of the principal goals of cancer immunotherapy is the development of efficient therapeutic cancer vaccines that are able to elicit an effector as well as memory T cell response specific to tumor antigens. In recent years, the attention has been focused on the personalization of cancer vaccines. However, the efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines is still disappointing despite the large number of vaccine strategies targeting different tumors that have been evaluated in recent years. While the preclinical data have frequently shown encouraging results, clinical trials have not provided satisfactory data to date. The main reason for such failures is the complexity of identifying specific target tumor antigens that should be unique or overexpressed only by the tumor cells compared to normal cells. Most of the tumor antigens included in cancer vaccines are non-mutated overexpressed self-antigens, eliciting mainly T cells with low-affinity T cell receptors (TCR) unable to mediate an effective anti-tumor response. In this review, the target tumor antigens employed in recent years in the development of therapeutic cancer vaccine strategies are described, along with potential new classes of tumor antigens such as the human endogenous retroviral elements (HERVs), unconventional antigens, and/or heteroclitic peptides.

scholarly journals Strategies for Cancer Vaccine Development

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Vergati ◽  
Chiara Intrivici ◽  
Ngar-Yee Huen ◽  
Jeffrey Schlom ◽  
Kwong Y. Tsang
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cancer Vaccine ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
T Regulatory Cells ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Tumor Escape ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Recent Phase ◽  
Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines

Treating cancer with vaccines has been a challenging field of investigation since the 1950s. Over the years, the lack of effective active immunotherapies has led to the development of numerous novel strategies. However, the use of therapeutic cancer vaccines may be on the verge of becoming an effective modality. Recent phase II/III clinical trials have achieved hopeful results in terms of overall survival. Yet despite these encouraging successes, in general, very little is known about the basic immunological mechanisms involved in vaccine immunotherapy. Gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms that govern the specific immune responses (i.e., cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CD4 T helper cells, T regulatory cells, cells of innate immunity, tumor escape mechanisms) elicited by each of the various vaccine platforms should be a concern of cancer vaccine clinical trials, along with clinical benefits. This review focuses on current strategies employed by recent clinical trials of therapeutic cancer vaccines and analyzes them both clinically and immunologically.

scholarly journals The Human Vaccines Project: A roadmap for cancer vaccine development

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (334) ◽  
pp. 334ps9-334ps9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Romero ◽  
Jacques Banchereau ◽  
Nina Bhardwaj ◽  
Mark Cockett ◽  
Mary L. Disis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Cancer Vaccine ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Antitumor Immune Response ◽  
International Effort

Cancer vaccine development has been vigorously pursued for 40 years. Immunity to tumor antigens can be elicited by most vaccines tested, but their clinical efficacy remains modest. We argue that a concerted international effort is necessary to understand the human antitumor immune response and achieve clinically effective cancer vaccines.

scholarly journals Design of Outer Membrane Vesicles as Cancer Vaccines: A New Toolkit for Cancer Therapy

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxuan Zhang ◽  
Zheyan Fang ◽  
Ruizhen Li ◽  
Xiaotian Huang ◽  
Qiong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Cancer Vaccine ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Vaccine Potential ◽  
Antigen Carrier

Cancer vaccines have been extensively studied in recent years and have contributed to exceptional achievements in cancer treatment. They are some of the most newly developed vaccines, although only two are currently approved for use, Provenge and Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC). Despite the approval of these two vaccines, most vaccines have been terminated at the clinical trial stage, which indicates that although they are effective in theory, concerns still exist, including low antigenicity of targeting antigens and tumor heterogeneity. In recent years, with new understanding of the biological function and vaccine potential of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), their potential application in cancer vaccine design deserves our attention. Therefore, this review focuses on the mechanisms, advantages, and prospects of OMVs as antigen-carrier vaccines in cancer vaccine development. We believe that OMV-based vaccines present a safe and effective cancer therapeutic option with broad application prospects.

scholarly journals Virus like particles as a platform for cancer vaccine development

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e4053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Kian Ong ◽  
Wen Siang Tan ◽  
Kok Lian Ho
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Vaccine ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Cytotoxic Lymphocyte ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Virus Clearance ◽  
Self Tolerance ◽  
Lymphocyte Activity ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines

Cancers have killed millions of people in human history and are still posing a serious health problem worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need for developing preventive and therapeutic cancer vaccines. Among various cancer vaccine development platforms, virus-like particles (VLPs) offer several advantages. VLPs are multimeric nanostructures with morphology resembling that of native viruses and are mainly composed of surface structural proteins of viruses but are devoid of viral genetic materials rendering them neither infective nor replicative. In addition, they can be engineered to display multiple, highly ordered heterologous epitopes or peptides in order to optimize the antigenicity and immunogenicity of the displayed entities. Like native viruses, specific epitopes displayed on VLPs can be taken up, processed, and presented by antigen-presenting cells to elicit potent specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Several studies also indicated that VLPs could overcome the immunosuppressive state of the tumor microenvironment and break self-tolerance to elicit strong cytotoxic lymphocyte activity, which is crucial for both virus clearance and destruction of cancerous cells. Collectively, these unique characteristics of VLPs make them optimal cancer vaccine candidates. This review discusses current progress in the development of VLP-based cancer vaccines and some potential drawbacks of VLPs in cancer vaccine development. Extracellular vesicles with close resembling to viral particles are also discussed and compared with VLPs as a platform in cancer vaccine developments.

Towards Breast Cancer Vaccines, Progress and Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Behravan ◽  
Atefeh Razazan ◽  
Ghazal Behravan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cancer Vaccine ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Surgical Ablation ◽  
Breast Cancer Vaccine

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women. National cancer institute of the US estimates that one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer during their lifetime. Considering the devastating effects of the disease and the alarming numbers many scientists and research groups have devoted their research to fight breast cancer. Several recommendations are to be considered as preventing measures which include living a healthy lifestyle, regular physical activity, weight control and smoking cessation. Early detection of the disease by annual and regular mammography after the age of 40 is recommended by many healthcare institutions. This would help the diagnosis of the disease at an earlier stage and the start of the treatment before it is spread to other parts of the body. Current therapy for breast cancer includes surgical ablation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy which is often associated with adverse effects and even may lead to a relapse of the disease at a later stage. In order to achieve a long-lasting anticancer response with minimal adverse effects, development of breast cancer vaccines is under investigation by many laboratories. The immune system can be stimulated by a vaccine against breast cancer. This approach has attracted a great enthusiasm in recent years. No breast cancer vaccines have been approved for clinical use today. One breast cancer vaccine (NeuVax) has now completed clinical trial phase III and a few preventive and therapeutic breast cancer vaccines are at different steps of development. We think that with the recent advancements in immunotherapy, a breast cancer vaccine is not far from reach.

scholarly journals Cervical cancer vaccine development

Sexual Health ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian H. Frazer
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cancer Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Viral Capsids ◽  
Cervical Epithelium ◽  
Papillomavirus Vaccines ◽  
Cervical Cancer Vaccine

Cervical cancer is initiated by infection of cervical epithelium with human papillomavirus. Vaccines have been developed, incorporating papillomavirus viral capsids and alum based adjuvants. In extensive clinical trials these vaccines have been shown safe and effective in preventing infection with, and disease caused by, the papillomavirus genotypes they incorporate, in women not already infected. These vaccines have the potential to reduce the global burden of cervical cancer by up to 70%.

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