Morphological transitions of axially-driven microfilaments

Soft Matter ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (25) ◽  
pp. 5163-5173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Man ◽  
Eva Kanso
Keyword(s):  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Cargo Transport ◽  
Morphological Transitions

The interactions of microtubules with motor proteins are ubiquitous in cellular and sub-cellular processes that involve motility and cargo transport.

scholarly journals Extreme value analysis of intracellular cargo transport by motor proteins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuma Naoi ◽  
Yuki Kagawa ◽  
Kimiko Nagino ◽  
Shinsuke Niwa ◽  
Kumiko Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Body ◽  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Extreme Value Analysis ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Cargo Transport ◽  
Synaptic Region

In the long axon of a neuron, cargo transport between the cell body and terminal synaptic region are mainly supported by the motor proteins kinesin and dynein, which are nano-sized drivers. Synaptic materials packed as cargos are anterogradely transported to the synaptic region by kinesin, whereas materials accumulated at the axon terminals are returned to the cell body by dynein. Extreme value analysis, typically used for disaster prevention in our society, was applied to analyze the velocity of kinesin and dynein nanosized drivers to disclose their physical properties in living cells.

scholarly journals Anomalous and heterogeneous DNA transport in biomimetic cytoskeleton networks

Soft Matter ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (27) ◽  
pp. 6344-6353
Author(s):  
Jonathan Garamella ◽  
Kathryn Regan ◽  
Gina Aguirre ◽  
Ryan J. McGorty ◽  
Rae M. Robertson-Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Dna Transport ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Cargo Transport

The cytoskeleton, a complex network of protein filaments and crosslinking proteins, dictates diverse cellular processes ranging from division to cargo transport.

Molecular phylogeny of the kinesin family of microtubule motor proteins

1994 ◽  
Vol 107 (7) ◽  
pp. 1875-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.V. Goodson ◽  
S.J. Kang ◽  
S.A. Endow
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Significant Sequence Similarity ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Myosin I ◽  
Microtubule Motor ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms ◽  
Kinesin Family

The rapidly expanding kinesin family of microtubule motor proteins includes proteins that are involved in diverse microtubule-based functions in the cell. Phylogenetic analysis of the motor regions of the kinesin proteins reveals at least five clearly defined groups that are likely to identify kinesins with different roles in basic cellular processes. Two of the groups are consistent with overall sequence similarity, while two groups contain proteins that are related in overall structure or function but show no significant sequence similarity outside the motor domain. One of these groups consists only of kinesin proteins with predicted C-terminal motor domains; another includes only kinesins required for mitotic spindle bipolarity. Drosophila Nod, presently an ungrouped protein, may represent a class of kinesins that, like the myosin I proteins, function as monomers. The analysis indicates that many types of kinesin proteins exist in eukaryotic organisms. At least two of the five groups identified in this analysis are expected to be present in most, or all, eukaryotes.

scholarly journals Functional Analysis of Human Microtubule-based Motor Proteins, the Kinesins and Dyneins, in Mitosis/Cytokinesis Using RNA Interference

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 3187-3199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changjun Zhu ◽  
Jian Zhao ◽  
Marina Bibikova ◽  
Joel D. Leverson ◽  
Ella Bossy-Wetzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Rnase Iii ◽  
Immunofluorescence Analysis ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Time Lapse Microscopy ◽  
Chromosome Congression ◽  
Spindle Dynamics

Microtubule (MT)-based motor proteins, kinesins and dyneins, play important roles in multiple cellular processes including cell division. In this study, we describe the generation and use of an Escherichia coli RNase III-prepared human kinesin/dynein esiRNA library to systematically analyze the functions of all human kinesin/dynein MT motor proteins. Our results indicate that at least 12 kinesins are involved in mitosis and cytokinesis. Eg5 (a member of the kinesin-5 family), Kif2A (a member of the kinesin-13 family), and KifC1 (a member of the kinesin-14 family) are crucial for spindle formation; KifC1, MCAK (a member of the kinesin-13 family), CENP-E (a member of the kinesin-7 family), Kif14 (a member of the kinesin-3 family), Kif18 (a member of the kinesin-8 family), and Kid (a member of the kinesin-10 family) are required for chromosome congression and alignment; Kif4A and Kif4B (members of the kinesin-4 family) have roles in anaphase spindle dynamics; and Kif4A, Kif4B, MKLP1, and MKLP2 (members of the kinesin-6 family) are essential for cytokinesis. Using immunofluorescence analysis, time-lapse microscopy, and rescue experiments, we investigate the roles of these 12 kinesins in detail.

scholarly journals ATP driven diffusiophoresis: active cargo transport without motor proteins

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Ramm ◽  
Andriy Goychuk ◽  
Alena Khmelinskaia ◽  
Philipp Blumhardt ◽  
Kristina A. Ganzinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Transport ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Physical Mechanism ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Cargo Transport ◽  
Diffusive Fluxes

AbstractMorphogenesis and homeostasis of biological systems are intricately linked to gradient formation through energy dissipation. Such spatial organization may be achieved via reaction-diffusion or directional cargo transport, as prominently executed by motor proteins. In contrast to these processes that rely on specific protein interactions, active transport based on a non-specific, purely physical mechanism remains poorly explored. Here, by a joint experimental and theoretical approach, we describe a hidden function of the MinDE protein system from E. coli: Besides forming dynamic patterns, this system accomplishes the active transport of large, functionally unrelated cargo on membranes in vitro. Remarkably, this mechanism allows to sort diffusive objects according to their effective size, as evidenced using modular DNA origami–streptavidin nanostructures. We show that the diffusive fluxes of MinDE and cargo couple via density-dependent friction. This non-specific process constitutes a Maxwell-Stefan diffusiophoresis, so far undescribed in a biologically relevant setting. Such nonlinear coupling between diffusive fluxes could represent a generic physical mechanism for the intracellular organization of biomolecules.

Frictional drag produced by motor proteins during cargo transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 68002
Author(s):  
Urvashi Nakul ◽  
Manoj Gopalakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Frictional Drag ◽  
Cargo Transport

scholarly journals The model of local axon homeostasis - explaining the role and regulation of microtubule bundles in axon maintenance and pathology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Hahn ◽  
André Voelzmann ◽  
Yu-Ting Liew ◽  
Beatriz Costa-Gomes ◽  
Andreas Prokop
Keyword(s):  
Axonal Transport ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Knowledge Gap ◽  
Cargo Transport ◽  
Physical Forces

AbstractAxons are the slender, cable-like, up to meter-long projections of neurons that electrically wire our brain and body. In spite of their challenging morphology, they usually need to be maintained for an organism’s lifetime. This makes them key lesion sites in pathological processes of ageing, injury and neurodegeneration. The morphology and physiology of axons crucially depends on the parallel bundles of microtubules (MTs), running all along to form their structural backbones and highways for life-sustaining cargo transport and organelle dynamics. Understanding how these bundles are formed and then maintained will provide important explanations for axon biology and pathology. Currently, much is known about MTs and the proteins that bind and regulate them, but very little about how they functionally integrate to regulate axons. As an attempt to bridge this important knowledge gap, we explain here the model of local axon homeostasis, based on our own experiments and published data. (1) As the default, we observe that axonal MTs have a strong bias to become disorganised, likely caused by the physical forces imposed by motor proteins and their life-sustaining functions during intra-axonal transport and dynamics. (2) Preventing MT disorganisation and promoting their bundled conformation, requires complex machinery involving most or even all major classes of MT-binding and - regulating proteins. As will be discussed, this model offers new explanations for axonopathies, in particular those linking to MT-regulating proteins and motors; it will hopefully motivate more researchers to study MTs, and help to decipher the complex regulatory networks that can explain axon biology and pathology.

scholarly journals Traffic control inside the cell: microtubule-based regulation of cargo transport

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Balabanian ◽  
Abdullah R. Chaudhary ◽  
Adam G. Hendricks
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Transport Proteins ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Microtubule Network ◽  
Microtubule Polymerization ◽  
Cargo Transport

The cell relies on an intricate system of molecular highways and motors to transport proteins, organelles and other vesicular cargoes to their proper locations. Microtubules, long filaments that form a network throughout the cell, act as highways. The motor proteins kinesin and dynein associate with cargoes and transport them along microtubules. Rather than simply acting as passive tracks, microtubules contain signals that regulate kinesin and dynein to target cargoes to specific locations in the cell. These signals include the organization of the microtubule network, chemical modifications that alter the microtubule surface properties and mechanics, and microtubuleassociated proteins that modulate the motility of motor proteins and microtubule polymerization.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document