scholarly journals Importance of anisotropy in detachment rates for force production and cargo transport by a team of motor proteins

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1075-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjneya Takshak ◽  
Ambarish Kunwar
Keyword(s):  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Cargo Transport

scholarly journals Extreme value analysis of intracellular cargo transport by motor proteins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuma Naoi ◽  
Yuki Kagawa ◽  
Kimiko Nagino ◽  
Shinsuke Niwa ◽  
Kumiko Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Body ◽  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Extreme Value Analysis ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Cargo Transport ◽  
Synaptic Region

In the long axon of a neuron, cargo transport between the cell body and terminal synaptic region are mainly supported by the motor proteins kinesin and dynein, which are nano-sized drivers. Synaptic materials packed as cargos are anterogradely transported to the synaptic region by kinesin, whereas materials accumulated at the axon terminals are returned to the cell body by dynein. Extreme value analysis, typically used for disaster prevention in our society, was applied to analyze the velocity of kinesin and dynein nanosized drivers to disclose their physical properties in living cells.

Morphological transitions of axially-driven microfilaments

Soft Matter ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (25) ◽  
pp. 5163-5173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Man ◽  
Eva Kanso
Keyword(s):  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Cargo Transport ◽  
Morphological Transitions

The interactions of microtubules with motor proteins are ubiquitous in cellular and sub-cellular processes that involve motility and cargo transport.

scholarly journals ATP driven diffusiophoresis: active cargo transport without motor proteins

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Ramm ◽  
Andriy Goychuk ◽  
Alena Khmelinskaia ◽  
Philipp Blumhardt ◽  
Kristina A. Ganzinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Transport ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Physical Mechanism ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Cargo Transport ◽  
Diffusive Fluxes

AbstractMorphogenesis and homeostasis of biological systems are intricately linked to gradient formation through energy dissipation. Such spatial organization may be achieved via reaction-diffusion or directional cargo transport, as prominently executed by motor proteins. In contrast to these processes that rely on specific protein interactions, active transport based on a non-specific, purely physical mechanism remains poorly explored. Here, by a joint experimental and theoretical approach, we describe a hidden function of the MinDE protein system from E. coli: Besides forming dynamic patterns, this system accomplishes the active transport of large, functionally unrelated cargo on membranes in vitro. Remarkably, this mechanism allows to sort diffusive objects according to their effective size, as evidenced using modular DNA origami–streptavidin nanostructures. We show that the diffusive fluxes of MinDE and cargo couple via density-dependent friction. This non-specific process constitutes a Maxwell-Stefan diffusiophoresis, so far undescribed in a biologically relevant setting. Such nonlinear coupling between diffusive fluxes could represent a generic physical mechanism for the intracellular organization of biomolecules.

Frictional drag produced by motor proteins during cargo transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 68002
Author(s):  
Urvashi Nakul ◽  
Manoj Gopalakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Frictional Drag ◽  
Cargo Transport

scholarly journals The model of local axon homeostasis - explaining the role and regulation of microtubule bundles in axon maintenance and pathology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Hahn ◽  
André Voelzmann ◽  
Yu-Ting Liew ◽  
Beatriz Costa-Gomes ◽  
Andreas Prokop
Keyword(s):  
Axonal Transport ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Knowledge Gap ◽  
Cargo Transport ◽  
Physical Forces

AbstractAxons are the slender, cable-like, up to meter-long projections of neurons that electrically wire our brain and body. In spite of their challenging morphology, they usually need to be maintained for an organism’s lifetime. This makes them key lesion sites in pathological processes of ageing, injury and neurodegeneration. The morphology and physiology of axons crucially depends on the parallel bundles of microtubules (MTs), running all along to form their structural backbones and highways for life-sustaining cargo transport and organelle dynamics. Understanding how these bundles are formed and then maintained will provide important explanations for axon biology and pathology. Currently, much is known about MTs and the proteins that bind and regulate them, but very little about how they functionally integrate to regulate axons. As an attempt to bridge this important knowledge gap, we explain here the model of local axon homeostasis, based on our own experiments and published data. (1) As the default, we observe that axonal MTs have a strong bias to become disorganised, likely caused by the physical forces imposed by motor proteins and their life-sustaining functions during intra-axonal transport and dynamics. (2) Preventing MT disorganisation and promoting their bundled conformation, requires complex machinery involving most or even all major classes of MT-binding and - regulating proteins. As will be discussed, this model offers new explanations for axonopathies, in particular those linking to MT-regulating proteins and motors; it will hopefully motivate more researchers to study MTs, and help to decipher the complex regulatory networks that can explain axon biology and pathology.

How motor proteins influence microtubule polymerization dynamics

2000 ◽  
Vol 113 (24) ◽  
pp. 4379-4389 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.W. Hunter ◽  
L. Wordeman
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Nucleotide Hydrolysis ◽  
Microtubule Polymerization ◽  
Microtubule Stability ◽  
Microtubule Growth ◽  
Chromosome Movements ◽  
Shed Light

The interplay between microtubules and microtubule-based motors is fundamental to basic aspects of cellular function, such as the intracellular transport of organelles and alterations in cellular morphology during cell locomotion and division. Motor proteins are unique in that they couple nucleotide hydrolysis to force production that can do work. The force transduction by proteins belonging to the kinesin and dynein superfamilies has been thought only to power movement of these motors along the surface of microtubules; however, a growing body of evidence, both genetic and biochemical, suggests that motors can also directly influence the polymerization dynamics of microtubules. For example, at the vertebrate kinetochore, motors interact directly with microtubule ends and modulate polymerization dynamics to orchestrate chromosome movements during mitosis. Although a role for motors in regulating microtubule length has been established, the mechanisms used by motors to promote microtubule growth or shrinkage are unclear, as is an understanding of why cells might choose motors to control dynamics rather than a variety of non-motor proteins known to affect microtubule stability. Elucidation of the exact mechanisms by which motors alter the exchange of tubulin subunits at microtubule ends in vitro may shed light on how microtubule stability is regulated to produce the array of dynamic behavior seen in cells.

scholarly journals Traffic control inside the cell: microtubule-based regulation of cargo transport

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Balabanian ◽  
Abdullah R. Chaudhary ◽  
Adam G. Hendricks
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Transport Proteins ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Microtubule Network ◽  
Microtubule Polymerization ◽  
Cargo Transport

The cell relies on an intricate system of molecular highways and motors to transport proteins, organelles and other vesicular cargoes to their proper locations. Microtubules, long filaments that form a network throughout the cell, act as highways. The motor proteins kinesin and dynein associate with cargoes and transport them along microtubules. Rather than simply acting as passive tracks, microtubules contain signals that regulate kinesin and dynein to target cargoes to specific locations in the cell. These signals include the organization of the microtubule network, chemical modifications that alter the microtubule surface properties and mechanics, and microtubuleassociated proteins that modulate the motility of motor proteins and microtubule polymerization.

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