Membrane-less photoelectrochemical devices for H2O2 production: efficiency limit and operational constraint

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Hu
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Catalytic Selectivity ◽  
Operational Constraint

A membrane-less design with 100% catalytic selectivity enables H2O2 accumulation at a maximum solar-to-H2O2 conversion efficiency of 20.0–27.5%.

scholarly journals Bases of Yield and Production Efficiency in Apple Orchard Systems

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence L. Robinson ◽  
Alan N. Lakso
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Canopy Architecture ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Total Light ◽  
Slender Spindle

Bases of orchard productivity were evaluated in four 10-year-old apple orchard systems (`Empire' and `Redchief Delicious' Malus domestics Borkh. on slender spindle/M.9, Y-trellis/M.26, central leader/M.9/MM.111, and central leader/M.7a). Trunk cross-sectional areas (TCA), canopy dimension and volume, and light interception were measured. Canopy dimension and canopy volume were found to be relatively poor estimators of orchard light interception or yield, especially for the restricted canopy of the Y-trellis. TCA was correlated to both percentage of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted and yields. Total light interception during the 7th to the 10th years showed the best correlation with yields of the different systems and explained most of the yield variations among systems. Average light interception was highest with the Y-trellis/M.26 system of both cultivars and approached 70% of available PAR with `Empire'. The higher light interception of this system was the result of canopy architecture that allowed the tree canopy to grow over the tractor alleys. The central leader/M.7a had the lowest light interception with both cultivars. The efficiency of converting light energy into fruit (conversion efficiency = fruit yield/light intercepted) was significantly higher for the Y-trellis/M.26 system than for the slender spindle/M.9 or central leader/M.9/MM.111 systems. The central leader/M.7a system bad the lowest conversion efficiency. An index of partitioning was calculated as the kilograms of fruit per square centimeter increase in TCA. The slender spindle/M.9 system had significantly higher partitioning index than the Y-trellis/M.26 or central leader/M.9/MM.111. The central leader/M.7a system had the lowest partitioning index. The higher conversion efficiency of the Y/M.26 system was not due to increased partitioning to the fruit; however, the basis for the greater efficiency is unknown. The poor conversion efficiency of the central leader/M.7a was mostly due to low partitioning to the fruit. The Y-trellis/M.26 system was found to be the most efficient in both intercepting PAR and converting that energy into fruit.

The effects on production efficiency of oleandomycin and oxytetracycline fed at low levels in the diet of heavy pigs

1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vernon ◽  
E. A. Mercer ◽  
G. D. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Low Levels

Results are presented of an investigation involving 328 pigs on 7 farms in East Anglia, on the effect of oxytetracycline (10 g./ton), oleandomycin (2·5 g./ton) and oxytetracycline (10 g./ton) plus oleandomycin (2·5 g./ton), on the live-weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion efficiency of pigs from weaning to slaughter at approximately 260 lb. live-weight. Effects on number of days from weaning to slaughter and carcass characteristics are also given.Both antibiotics gave significant improvements in daily live-weight gain (5·4% for OTC and 4·0% for OM) and feed conversion efficiency (3·9% for OTC and 2·3% for OM). There was a significant negative interaction between the antibiotics on live-weight gain from weaning to slaughter.The average number of days from weaning to slaughter was significantly reduced by both antibiotics (5·8 days for OTC and 5·4 days for OM) and there was a significant interaction between antibiotics.Feed conversion efficiency for all pigs was significantly better on those farms where antibiotics had not previously been used but the antibiotic treatment effects were the same in both categories of farm studied.

A thiourea additive-based quadruple cation lead halide perovskite with an ultra-large grain size for efficient perovskite solar cells

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (45) ◽  
pp. 21824-21833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti V. Patil ◽  
Sawanta S. Mali ◽  
Chang Kook Hong
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Power Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Inorganic Perovskite ◽  
Halide Perovskite ◽  
Lead Halide

Controlling the grain size of the organic–inorganic perovskite thin films using thiourea additives now crossing 2 μm size with >20% power conversion efficiency.

Development and production experience of the multilayer curtain-coated linerboard of Ji’an PM No. 3,

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
JUNMING SHU ◽  
ARTHAS YANG ◽  
PEKKA SALMINEN ◽  
HENRI VAITTINEN
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Board Structure ◽  
Flexographic Printing ◽  
Curtain Coating ◽  
Coating Formulations

The Ji’an PM No. 3 is the first linerboard machine in China to use multilayer curtain coating technology. Since successful startup at the end of 2011, further development has been carried out to optimize running conditions, coating formulations, and the base paper to provide a product with satisfactory quality and lower cost to manufacture. The key challenges include designing the base board structure for the desired mechanical strength, designing the surface properties for subsequent coating operations, optimizing the high-speed running of the curtain coater to enhance production efficiency, minimizing the amount of titanium dioxide in the coating color, and balancing the coated board properties to make them suitable for both offset and flexographic printing. The pilot and mill scale results show that curtain coating has a major positive impact on brightness, while smoothness is improved mainly by the blade coating and calendering conditions. Optimization of base board properties and the blade + curtain + blade concept has resulted in the successful use of 100% recycled fiber to produce base board. The optical, mechanical, and printability properties of the final coated board meet market requirements for both offset and flexographic printing. Machine runnability is excellent at the current speed of 1000 m/min, and titanium dioxide has been eliminated in the coating formulations without affecting the coating coverage. A significant improvement in the total cost of coated white liner production has been achieved, compared to the conventional concept of using virgin fiber in the top ply. Future development will focus on combining low cost with further quality improvements to make linerboard suitable for a wider range of end-use applications, including frozen-food packaging and folding boxboard.

Upscaling of foam forming technology for pilot scale

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
JANI LEHMONEN ◽  
TIMO RANTANEN ◽  
KARITA KINNUNEN-RAUDASKOSKI
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Foam Density ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Forming Technology ◽  
Wet Pressing ◽  
Foam Forming ◽  
Board Industry

The need for production cost savings and changes in the global paper and board industry during recent years have been constants. Changes in the global paper and board industry during past years have increased the need for more cost-efficient processes and production technologies. It is known that in paper and board production, foam typically leads to problems in the process rather than improvements in production efficiency. Foam forming technology, where foam is used as a carrier phase and a flowing medium, exploits the properties of dispersive foam. In this study, the possibility of applying foam forming technology to paper applications was investigated using a pilot scale paper forming environment modified for foam forming from conventional water forming. According to the results, the shape of jet-to-wire ratios was the same in both forming methods, but in the case of foam forming, the achieved scale of jet-to-wire ratio and MD/CD-ratio were wider and not behaving sensitively to shear changes in the forming section as a water forming process would. This kind of behavior would be beneficial when upscaling foam technology to the production scale. The dryness results after the forming section indicated the improvement in dewatering, especially when foam density was at the lowest level (i.e., air content was at the highest level). In addition, the dryness results after the pressing section indicated a faster increase in the dryness level as a function of foam density, with all density levels compared to the corresponding water formed sheets. According to the study, the bonding level of water- and foam-laid structures were at the same level when the highest wet pressing value was applied. The results of the study show that the strength loss often associated with foam forming can be compensated for successfully through wet pressing.

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