scholarly journals A synthetic biological quantum optical system

Nanoscale ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (27) ◽  
pp. 13064-13073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lishchuk ◽  
Goutham Kodali ◽  
Joshua A. Mancini ◽  
Matthew Broadbent ◽  
Brice Darroch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Structure ◽  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Optical System ◽  
Weak Coupling ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
System P ◽  
New States ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Quantum Optical ◽  
Plasmon Modes

Strong coupling between plasmon modes and chlorins in synthetic light-harvesting maquette proteins yields hybrid light–matter states (plexcitons) whose energies are controlled by design of protein structure, enabling the creation of new states not seen under weak coupling.

scholarly journals Turning the challenge of quantum biology on its head: biological control of quantum optical systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lishchuk ◽  
Cvetelin Vasilev ◽  
Matthew P. Johnson ◽  
C. Neil Hunter ◽  
Päivi Törmä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Protein Structure ◽  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Weak Coupling ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Quantum Biology ◽  
New States ◽  
Quantum Optical ◽  
Plasmon Modes

Strong coupling between plasmon modes and chlorins in synthetic light-harvesting maquette proteins yields hybrid light-matter states (plexcitons) whose energies are controlled by design of protein structure, enabling the creation of new states not seen under weak coupling.

4. The actors in the international legal system

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-79
Author(s):  
Anders Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Society ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
System P ◽  
New States ◽  
International Legal System ◽  
State Succession ◽  
The Creation

International society is first and foremost a society of individual sovereign states. However, states are by no means the only relevant actors in international law. In fact, one of the consequences of the post-1945 expansion of international law into areas that had traditionally been of limited international interest has been the increasing legal importance of a variety of non-state actors, most notably international organizations and individuals. This chapter introduces the various actors in the international legal system that possess rights, powers and obligations in international law. It provides a thorough presentation of statehood and the criteria for the creation of new states, and briefly discusses the (limited) legal significance of recognition. It discusses the modes by which a state can acquire title to new territory; the issues of state succession and state extinction; and the legal personality of territorial entities other than states, international organizations, individuals and additional actors in the international legal system.

4. The actors in the international legal system

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Society ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
System P ◽  
New States ◽  
International Legal System ◽  
State Succession ◽  
The Creation

International society is first and foremost a society of individual sovereign states. However, states are by no means the only relevant actors in international law. In fact, one of the consequences of the post-1945 expansion of international law into areas that had traditionally been of limited international interest has been the increasing legal importance of a variety of non-state actors, most notably international organizations and individuals. This chapter introduces the various actors in the international legal system that possess rights, powers, and obligations in international law. It provides a thorough presentation of statehood and the criteria for the creation of new states, and briefly discusses the (limited) legal significance of recognition. It discusses the modes by which a state can acquire title to new territory; the issues of state succession and state extinction; and the legal personality of territorial entities other than states, international organizations, individuals, and additional actors in the international legal system.

4. The actors in the international legal system

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-81
Author(s):  
Anders Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Society ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
System P ◽  
New States ◽  
International Legal System ◽  
State Succession ◽  
The Creation

International society is first and foremost a society of individual sovereign states. However, states are by no means the only relevant actors in international law. In fact, one of the consequences of the post-1945 expansion of international law into areas that had traditionally been of limited international interest has been the increasing legal importance of a variety of non-state actors, most notably international organizations and individuals. This chapter introduces the various actors in the international legal system that possess rights, powers and obligations in international law. It provides a thorough presentation of statehood and the criteria for the creation of new states, and briefly discusses the (limited) legal significance of recognition. It discusses the modes by which a state can acquire title to new territory; the issues of state succession and state extinction; and the legal personality of territorial entities other than states, international organizations, individuals and additional actors in the international legal system.

scholarly journals Coherence and chaos in a quantum optical system

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 6567-6570 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Milburn
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
Quantum Optical

THE RELATION BETWEEN CHIRAL SYMMETRY SPONTANEOUSLY BREAKING AND CONFINEMENT IN QED

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2253-2266
Author(s):  
KOU SU-PENG
Keyword(s):  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Chiral Symmetry ◽  
Dimensional Reduction ◽  
Weak Coupling ◽  
Coupling Phase ◽  
Fermion Pairs ◽  
Two Phases

In this paper, we use Parisi and Sourlas dimensional reduction to show that QED has two phases, the strong coupling phase and weak coupling phase. Because chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken, particles with fractional charges are confined in the strong coupling phase by the condensation of topological configurations, and particles with integer charges are screened by fermion pairs.

scholarly journals Emulating spin transport with nonlinear optics, from high-order skyrmions to the topological Hall effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviv Karnieli ◽  
Shai Tsesses ◽  
Guy Bartal ◽  
Ady Arie
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystals ◽  
Hall Effect ◽  
Optical System ◽  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Spin Transport ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Nonlinear Photonic Crystals ◽  
Topological Hall Effect ◽  
Magnetic Skyrmions ◽  
Quantum Optical

AbstractExploring material magnetization led to countless fundamental discoveries and applications, culminating in the field of spintronics. Recently, research effort in this field focused on magnetic skyrmions – topologically robust chiral magnetization textures, capable of storing information and routing spin currents via the topological Hall effect. In this article, we propose an optical system emulating any 2D spin transport phenomena with unprecedented controllability, by employing three-wave mixing in 3D nonlinear photonic crystals. Precise photonic crystal engineering, as well as active all-optical control, enable the realization of effective magnetization textures beyond the limits of thermodynamic stability in current materials. As a proof-of-concept, we theoretically design skyrmionic nonlinear photonic crystals with arbitrary topologies and propose an optical system exhibiting the topological Hall effect. Our work paves the way towards quantum spintronics simulations and novel optoelectronic applications inspired by spintronics, for both classical and quantum optical information processing.

Weak Coupling Strategy for Multi-Physics CFD Simulation in Engineering Problems

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Yamamoto ◽  
Masaya Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Weak Coupling ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Sand Erosion ◽  
Coupling Strategy ◽  
The Difference

Multi-Physics CFD Simulation will be one of key technologies in various engineering fields. There are two strategies to simulate a multi-physics phenomenon. One is “Strong Coupling”, and the other is “Weak Coupling”. Each can be employed, based on time-scales of physics embedded in a problem. That is, when a time-scale of one physics is nearly same as that of the other physics, we have to use Strong Coupling to take into account the interaction between two physics. On the other hand, when one time-scale is quite different from the other one, Weak Coupling can be applied. Considering the present computer performance, Strong Coupling is difficult to be used in engineering design processes now. Therefore, we are focusing on Weak Coupling, and it has been applied to a number of multi-physics CFD simulations in engineering. We have successfully simulated sand erosion, ice accretion, particle deposition, electro-chemical machining and so on, with using Weak Coupling method. In the present study, the difference between strong and weak couplings is briefly described, and two examples of our multi-physics CFD simulations are expressed. The numerical results indicate that Weak Coupling strategy is promising in a lot of multi-physics CFD simulations.

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