Fabrication of D–π–A sensitizers based on different donors substituted with a dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione bridge for DSSCs: influence of the CDCA co-absorbent

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (14) ◽  
pp. 12024-12031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Dhar ◽  
Nadavala Siva Kumar ◽  
Mohammad Asif ◽  
Rohit L. Vekariya
Keyword(s):  
Diphenyl Amine

The effect of co-absorbance on the performance of DSSC devices with a new design of dimer sensitizers possessing a 2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (DPP) bridge and various donor groups (carbazole, diphenyl amine, indole) are reported in the present work.

Nanoscale Mechanical Properties of In-Situ Tribofilms Generated from ZDDP and F-ZDDP with and without Antioxidants

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4378-4390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Somayaji ◽  
Ramoun Mourhatch ◽  
Pranesh B. Aswath
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wear Debris ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dialkyl Dithiophosphates ◽  
Wear Tests ◽  
Diphenyl Amine

Tribofilms with thickness ranging from 100–200 nm were developed in-situ during wear tests using a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates (ZDDP) and fluorinated ZDDP (F-ZDDP). The influence of the antioxidant alkylated diphenyl amine on the formation and properties of these tribofilm is examined. Results indicate that the thickness of the tribofilms formed when F-ZDDP is used is always thicker than the tribofilm formed with ZDDP. In addition, in the presence of antioxidants the tribofilm thickness is increased. The hardness of these tribofilms in the absence of the antioxidants is significantly higher at the near surface region (0–30 nm) when compared to the films formed in the presence of antioxidant. Nanoscratch tests conducted to examine the abrasion resistance of the tribofilms also indicate that the tribofilms formed by F-ZDDP are more resistant to scratch compared to films formed by ZDDP. In the presence of antioxidant, tribofilms formed by F-ZDDP are significantly thicker while both films behave in a similar fashion in nanoscratch tests. Transmission electron microscopy of the wear debris formed during the tests were examined and results indicate the nucleation and growth of nanoparticles of Fe3O4 with an approximate size of 5–10 nm embedded within an otherwise amorphous tribofilm.

scholarly journals BIA, DPA, MBTA and DMA as Vapour Phase Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel under Different Atmospheric Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
Harish Kumar ◽  
Vikas Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Diphenyl Amine

Mild steel is widely used as main raw material in fabrication of equipment, chief material of construction and as weapons. During its storage and transportation conditions, it comes in contact with aggressive environment which leads to decrease in mechanical strength and loss in useful properties. Four different vapor phase corrosion inhibitors (VPCIs) i.e. Benzaimidazole (BIA), Diphenyl amine (DPA), 2-mercapto benzothiazole (MBTA) and N,N-dimethyl aniline (DMA) were tested under different atmospheric conditions at 40 °C by Weight Loss, Eschke test, Salt Spray, SO2 test and SEM techniques. All the four VPCIs show good corrosion inhibition efficiency i.e. 65-96 %. The results obtained from all the four corrosion experiments were supported by SEM images.

Fabrication of Polyaniline/Carbon Nanotubes Composites Using Carbon Nanotubes Films Obtained by Electrophoretic Deposition

2012 ◽  
Vol 507 ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Pilan ◽  
Matei Raicopol ◽  
Mariana Ioniţă
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Diazonium Salt ◽  
Modified Electrodes ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Composite Electrodes ◽  
Electrochemically Deposited ◽  
Aniline Oxidation ◽  
Storage Properties ◽  
Diphenyl Amine

In this study, we report a facile electrochemical method to obtain polyaniline/single-wall carbon nanotubes (PANI/SWCNTs) composite electrodes by combining the electroreduction of diazonium salts and electropolymerization of conductive polymers. In a first step, the SWCNTs are covalently functionalized with diphenyl amine through the electrochemical reduction of the 4-aminodiphenylamine diazonium salt in order to provide anchors for the subsequent polymer electrodepostion. The aniline oxidation remains possible on this grafted layer and PANI can easily be deposited on the diphenyl amine-modified electrodes. The electrochemically deposited PANI/SWCNTs composites exhibit excellent electrochemical charge storage properties making them promising electrode materials for high power supercapacitors.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Azepine Analogue of Lignan

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Intramolecular Cyclization ◽  
Sodium Hydride ◽  
Butenoic Acid ◽  
Diphenyl Amine

Diphenylamine (1) was condensed with maleic anhydride (2) in the presence of sodium hydride and dry benzene, 4-N,N-diphenyl amine-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid (3) was achieved. Intramolecular cyclization of compound 3 with PPE afforded 1-phenyl-1H-benzo[b] azepine-2,5 dione (4). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v29i0.9236Journal of Nepal Chemical SocietyVol. 29, 2012Page: 44-47Uploaded date : 12/3/2013

On the Penetration of Insecticides Through the Insect Cuticle

1945 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
J. E. WEBB ◽  
R. A. GREEN
Keyword(s):  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Insect Cuticle ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Rate Of Penetration ◽  
Melophagus Ovinus ◽  
High Carrier ◽  
Test Insect ◽  
Diphenyl Amine

1. Using Melophagus ovinus, the sheep ked, as test insect, it was found that certain organic solvents of diphenylamine, such as the cresols, benzyl alcohol and 4-methyl-cyclohexanol, greatly increase the rate of action of this insecticide. Others, such as carbitol and methyl benzoate, gave little or no improvement in the time of kill. The degree to which a solvent induces rapid penetration of an insecticide is referred to as its ‘carrier efficiency’. 2. The influence of the physical properties of the solvents on carrier efficiency was investigated. It was found that a high carrier efficiency could be correlated with a high rate of penetration through beeswax, a high partition coefficient of the solvent between beeswax and water and a high solubility of insecticide in a solution of the solvent in water. The volatility of the solvent and the solubility of insecticide in solvent were also contributory factors. 3. Mixtures of two solvents, each showing no carrier efficiency but together possessing all the essential physical properties, were tested and showed a carrier efficiency considerably higher than that of either constituent. This is taken as supporting evidence that carrier efficiency depends on certain physical properties of a solvent. 4. Using a range of solvents shown to exhibit various degrees of carrier efficiency with diphenyl-amine, comparable results were obtained with dixanthogen, ω-nitrostyrene dibromide and rotenone and showed that the synergy could be extended to other insecticides. 5. It is suggested that certain solvents increase the rate of penetration of contact insecticides through the insect cuticle: (a) By transporting the insecticide through the lipoid elements of the epicuticle to the interface between this layer and the water permeating the exocuticle. (b) By concentrating the insecticide at the interface between the epicuticle and the exocuticle, as the solvent passes into the exocuticle, and thus increasing the diffusion gradient of the insecticide across that interface. (c) By increasing the solubility of the insecticide in the water permeating exo- and endo-cuticles and thus, by raising its partition coefficient between solvent in the epicuticle and water in the exocuticle, further increasing its rate of diffusion, not only across this interface, but also through exo- and endo-cuticles to the hypodermis.

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