Preventive mechanism of bioactive dietary foods on obesity-related inflammation and diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 6081-6095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeehye Sung ◽  
Chi-Tang Ho ◽  
Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Mechanism ◽  
Reciprocal Interactions ◽  
Dietary Bioactive Compounds

This review focuses on the molecular biological mechanism of obesity-induced inflammation and the reciprocal interactions between the major molecular mechanisms and a range of dietary bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals Could gestational diabetes mellitus be managed through dietary bioactive compounds? Current knowledge and future perspectives

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 1129-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmela Santangelo ◽  
Alessandra Zicari ◽  
Elisabetta Mandosi ◽  
Beatrice Scazzocchio ◽  
Emanuela Mari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Insulin Signalling Pathway ◽  
Dietary Bioactive Compounds

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious problem growing worldwide that needs to be addressed with urgency in consideration of the resulting severe complications for both mother and fetus. Growing evidence indicates that a healthy diet rich in fruit, vegetables, nuts, extra-virgin olive oil and fish has beneficial effects in both the prevention and management of several human diseases and metabolic disorders. In this review, we discuss the latest data concerning the effects of dietary bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and PUFA on the molecular mechanisms regulating glucose homoeostasis. Several studies, mostly based onin vitroand animal models, indicate that dietary polyphenols, mainly flavonoids, positively modulate the insulin signalling pathway by attenuating hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance, reducing inflammatory adipokines, and modifying microRNA (miRNA) profiles. Very few data about the influence of dietary exposure on GDM outcomes are available, although this approach deserves careful consideration. Further investigation, which includes exploring the ‘omics’ world, is needed to better understand the complex interaction between dietary compounds and GDM.

Influence of Plant Bioactive Compounds on Intestinal Epithelial Barrier in Poultry

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 566-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amlan Kumar Patra
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Poultry Feeding

Natural plant bioactive compounds (PBC) have recently been explored as feed additives to improve productivity, health and welfare of poultry following ban or restriction of in-feed antibiotic use. Depending upon the types of PBC, they possess antimicrobial, digestive enzyme secretion stimulation, antioxidant and many pharmacological properties, which are responsible for beneficial effects in poultry production. Moreover, they may also improve the intestinal barrier function and nutrient transport. In this review, the effects of different PBC on the barrier function, permeability of intestinal epithelia and their mechanism of actions are discussed, focusing on poultry feeding. Dietary PBC may regulate intestinal barrier function through several molecular mechanisms by interacting with different metabolic cascades and cellular transcription signals, which may then modulate expressions of genes and their proteins in the tight junction (e.g., claudins, occludin and junctional adhesion molecules), adherens junction (e.g., E-cadherin), other intercellular junctional proteins (e.g., zonula occludens and catenins), and regulatory proteins (e.g., kinases). Interactive effects of PBC on immunomodulation via expressions of several cytokines, chemokines, complement components, pattern recognition receptors and their transcription factors and cellular immune system, and alteration of mucin gene expressions and goblet cell abundances in the intestine may change barrier functions. The effects of PBC are not consistent among the studies depending upon the type and dose of PBC, physiological conditions and parts of the intestine in chickens. An effective concentration in diets and specific molecular mechanisms of PBC need to be elucidated to understand intestinal barrier functionality in a better way in poultry feeding.

Potential Health Benefits Of A Pomegranate Extract, Rich In Phenolic Compounds, In Intestinal Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Raffaele ◽  
Khaled Greish ◽  
Luca Vanella ◽  
Giuseppe Carota ◽  
Fatemah Bahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Potential Health

Background: Pomegranate is a fruit rich in bioactive compounds such as punicalagins, gallic acid, and ellagic acid derivatives. It has been widely used since ancient times in traditional medicine for a wide variety of diseases. It has been reported that bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, are able to induce the expression of cytoprotective enzymes, including HO-1. The contribution of HO-1 activity to the prevention of intestinal inflammation has been shown in different models of Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Objective: Aim of the present research was to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of a pomegranate extract (PE), rich in bioactive compounds in intestinal inflammation. Methods: Caco-2 cells exposed to LPS and DSS induced colitis were chosen as convenient experimental models of intestinal inflammation. Results: Results obtained in our experimental conditions, showed that PE in vitro was able to induce HO-1 and to reduce cellular damage and oxidative stress through increase of GSH levels. Moreover, PE was able to decrease the pro-inflammatory marker IL-8 levels and to activate TIGAR pathway. The results obtained in vivo, in agreement with the data obtained in vitro, highlighted the ability of PE to reduce intestinal inflammation, preserve the colon length and histological features and reduce IL-6 levels compared to the DSS treated group. Conclusion: PE, rich in bioactive compounds, could contribute, as supportive therapy, to enhance the effects of the conventional therapeutic strategies to the management of IBD.

Combinational Therapy Using Chemotherapeutic Agents and Dietary Bioactive Compounds

2021 ◽  
pp. 188-214
Author(s):  
Madhumitha Kedhari Sundaram ◽  
Shefina Silas ◽  
Arif Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Combinational Therapy ◽  
Synergistic Response ◽  
Dietary Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Dietary Agents ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways

Diet-derived phytochemicals find prominent use in traditional medicine and have been credited with lowering cancer risk significantly. Dietary agents demonstrate anticancer activity by modulating various molecular targets and cell signaling pathways. Several studies have focused on combinations of dietary bioactive compounds and conventional chemotherapeutic agents to augment their therapeutic response and mitigate the side effects of conventional chemotherapy. The observed synergistic response heralds promise for successful future chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic strategies in cancer management. Animal models and pre-clinical trials of the effective combinations must be undertaken to clearly understand the mechanism of action. This chapter catalogues recent studies that have used dietary bioactive compounds (sulforaphane, EGCG, curcumin, genistein, resveratrol, eugenol) in combination with conventional chemopreventive agents and with other phytochemicals.

scholarly journals Blues in the Brain and Beyond: Molecular Bases of Major Depressive Disorder and Relative Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Treatments

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Maffioletti ◽  
Alessandra Minelli ◽  
Daniela Tardito ◽  
Massimo Gennarelli
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Reciprocal Interactions ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Molecular Effects ◽  
Molecular Bases ◽  
The Brain

Despite the extensive research conducted in recent decades, the molecular mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder (MDD) and relative evidence-based treatments remain unclear. Various hypotheses have been successively proposed, involving different biological systems. This narrative review aims to critically illustrate the main pathogenic hypotheses of MDD, ranging from the historical ones based on the monoaminergic and neurotrophic theories, through the subsequent neurodevelopmental, glutamatergic, GABAergic, inflammatory/immune and endocrine explanations, until the most recent evidence postulating a role for fatty acids and the gut microbiota. Moreover, the molecular effects of established both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches for MDD are also reviewed. Overall, the existing literature indicates that the molecular mechanisms described in the context of these different hypotheses, rather than representing alternative ones to each other, are likely to contribute together, often with reciprocal interactions, to the development of MDD and to the effectiveness of treatments, and points at the need for further research efforts in this field.

scholarly journals The Role of Selected Bioactive Compounds in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Grodzicki ◽  
Katarzyna Dziendzikowska
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Age Related ◽  
In Vivo Animal Model

Neurodegeneration is a feature of many debilitating, incurable age-dependent diseases that affect the nervous system and represent a major threat to the health of elderly persons. Because of the ongoing process of aging experienced by modern societies, the increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is becoming a global public health concern. A major cause of age-related dementia is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Currently, there are no effective therapies to slow, stop, or reverse the progression of this disease. However, many studies have suggested that modification of lifestyle factors, such as the introduction of an appropriate diet, can delay or prevent the onset of this disorder. Diet is currently considered to be a crucial factor in controlling health and protecting oneself against oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, and thus against chronic degenerative diseases. A large number of bioactive food compounds may influence the pathological mechanisms underlying AD. Among them, phenolic compounds, omega-3 fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, isothiocyanates, and carotenoids seem to be promising. They act not only as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents, but also as active modulators of the pathological molecular mechanisms that play a role in AD development, including the formation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles, the main hallmarks of AD pathology. In vivo animal model studies as well as clinical and epidemiological research suggest that nutritional intervention has a positive effect on the health of older people and may prevent age-related cognitive decline, especially when the diet contains more than one bioactive nutrient. The Mediterranean diet and in particular its combination with Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, which is called the MIND diet, are nutritional patterns based on many products rich in bioactive compounds that appear to be the most effective in preventing neurodegeneration. The present review gathers evidence that supports the neuroprotective effect of bioactive substances.

scholarly journals Dietary Bioactive Compounds and Human Health and Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia González
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Nutritional Compounds ◽  
Dietary Bioactive Compounds

In the last century, solid scientific evidence has demonstrated the role of nutritional compounds in the maintenance of health [...]

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