Secondary nanoplastics released from a biodegradable microplastic severely impact freshwater environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1382-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel González-Pleiter ◽  
Miguel Tamayo-Belda ◽  
Gerardo Pulido-Reyes ◽  
Georgiana Amariei ◽  
Francisco Leganés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Freshwater Environments

Over the last five decades, plastics production has increased as a consequence of their use in strategic sectors causing damage on aquatic ecosystems.

scholarly journals Polinton-like viruses and virophages are widespread in aquatic ecosystems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Bellas ◽  
Ruben Sommaruga
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Major Capsid Protein ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Major Class ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Virus Size ◽  
Dsdna Viruses ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
Freshwater Environments ◽  
Core Genes

Polintons are virus-like transposable elements found in the genomes of eukaryotes that are considered the ancient ancestors of most eukaryotic dsDNA viruses1,2. Recently, a number of Polinton-Like Viruses (PLVs) have been discovered in algal genomes and environmental metagenomes3, which share characteristics and core genes with both Polintons and virophages (Lavidaviridae)4. These viruses could be the first members of a major class of ancient eukaryotic viruses, however, only a few complete genomes are known and it is unclear whether most are free viruses or are integrated algal elements3. Here we show that PLVs form an expansive network of globally distributed viruses, associated with a range of eukaryotic hosts. We identified PLVs as amongst the most abundant individual viruses present in a freshwater lake virus metagenome (virome), showing they are hundreds of times more abundant in the virus size fraction than in the microbial one. Using the major capsid protein genes as bait, we retrieved hundreds of related viruses from publicly available datasets. A network-based analysis of 976 new PLV and virophage genomes combined with 64 previously known genomes revealed that they represent at least 61 distinct viral clusters, with some PLV members associated with fungi, oomycetes and algae. Our data reveals that PLVs are widespread in predominantly freshwater environments and together with virophages, represent a broad group of eukaryotic viruses which share a number of genes.

scholarly journals Plastic Pollutions in Aquatic Environment- A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-155
Author(s):  
Y. M. Mohammed ◽  
M. Hadizat ◽  
M. A. Umar ◽  
Y. Ibrahim ◽  
H. Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Pollution Transport ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Riverine Ecosystems ◽  
The World ◽  
Freshwater Environments

Plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems is a growing environmental concern, as it has the potential to harm ecology, imperil aquatic organisms and cost ecological damage. Although rivers and other freshwater environments are known to play an important role in carrying land-based plastic trash to the world's seas, riverine ecosystems are also directly impacted by plastic pollution. A detailed understanding of the origin, movement, fate, and effects of riverine plastic waste is critical for better quantifying worldwide plastic pollution transport and effectively reducing sources and dangers. In this review, we emphasize the current scientific state of plastic debris in rivers, as well as the existing knowledge gaps, providing a basic overview of plastics and the types of polymers commonly found in rivers and the threat they bring to aquatic ecosystems. We also go through the origins and fates of riverine plastics, as well as the mechanisms and factors that affect plastic debris transit and spatiotemporal variation. We give an overview of riverine plastic transport monitoring and modeling activities, as well as examples of typical values from throughout the world. Finally, we discuss what the future holds for riverine plastic research.

scholarly journals A mini review on challenges and opportunities in dinoflagellates cultivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Carlos Yure Oliveira ◽  
Alfredo Olivera
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Primary Producer ◽  
Anticancer Antibiotics ◽  
Freshwater Environments

Dinoflagellates are photosynthetic protists commonly distributed in marine and freshwater environments and can be found in symbiotic associations. They are a significant primary producer and play a fundamental role in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems – especially for coral reefs. Dinoflagellates can produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites, and their toxins can affect fish, birds and mammals. In recent years these toxins have been found to have potential cytotoxic, anticancer, antibiotics, antifungals activities. This mini review covers the main genera of dinoflagellates, and challenges and advances in their cultivation in addition to prospects for development of dinoflagellates-based products.

scholarly journals An Introduction to the Study of Gastrotricha, with a Taxonomic Key to Families and Genera of the Group

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Antonio Todaro ◽  
Jeffrey Alejandro Sibaja-Cordero ◽  
Oscar A. Segura-Bermúdez ◽  
Génesis Coto-Delgado ◽  
Nathalie Goebel-Otárola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Ecological Group ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Taxonomic Key ◽  
Interstitial Fauna ◽  
Sandy Sediments ◽  
Freshwater Environments

Gastrotricha is a group of meiofaunal-sized, free-living invertebrates present in all aquatic ecosystems. The phylum includes over 860 species globally, of which 505 nominal species have been recorded in marine sandy sediments; another 355 taxa inhabit the freshwater environments, where they are recurrent members of the periphyton and epibenthos, and, to a lesser degree, of the plankton and interstitial fauna. Gastrotrichs are part of the permanent meiofauna and, in general, they rank among the top five groups for abundance within meiobenthic assemblages. The diversity, abundance, and ubiquity of Gastrotricha allow us to suppose an important role for these animals in aquatic ecosystems; however, ecological studies to prove this idea have been comparatively very few. This is mainly because the small size and transparency of their bodies make gastrotrichs difficult to discover in benthic samples; moreover, their contractility and fragility make their handling and morphological survey of the specimens rather difficult. Here we offer an overview, describe the basic techniques used to study these animals, and provide a key to known genera in an attempt to promote easy identification and to increase the number of researchers who may be interested in conducting studies on this understudied ecological group of microscopic organisms.

Stabilizing pyritic material

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Wolberg
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Iron Sulfides ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Iron Minerals ◽  
Pyrite Formation ◽  
Organic Sediments ◽  
Freshwater Environments

The minerals pyrite and marcasite (broadly termed pyritic minerals) are iron sulfides that are common if not ubiquitous in sedimentary rocks, especially in association with organic materials (Berner, 1970). In most marine sedimentary associations, pyrite and marcasite are associated with organic sediments rich in dissolved sulfate and iron minerals. Because of the rapid consumption of sulfate in freshwater environments, however, pyrite formation is more restricted in nonmarine sediments (Berner, 1983). The origin of the sulfur in nonmarine environments must lie within pre-existing rocks or volcanic detritus; a relatively small, but significant contribution may derive from plant and animal decomposition products.

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