A comparative technoeconomic analysis of pathways for commercial electrochemical CO2 reduction to liquid products

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1536-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Spurgeon ◽  
Bijandra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Technoeconomic Analysis ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to fuels and chemicals is currently a focus of significant research effort as a technology that can simultaneously mitigate greenhouse gas emissions while storing renewable electricity for use on demand. Herein, the economics of CO2 reduction to select liquid products is analyzed.

scholarly journals Strategies in catalysts and electrolyzer design for electrochemical CO2 reduction toward C2+ products

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. eaay3111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Fan ◽  
Chuan Xia ◽  
Fangqi Yang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Haotian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
Further Development

In light of environmental concerns and energy transition, electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) to value-added multicarbon (C2+) fuels and chemicals, using renewable electricity, presents an elegant long-term solution to close the carbon cycle with added economic benefits as well. However, electrocatalytic C─C coupling in aqueous electrolytes is still an open challenge due to low selectivity, activity, and stability. Design of catalysts and reactors holds the key to addressing those challenges. We summarize recent progress in how to achieve efficient C─C coupling via ECR, with emphasis on strategies in electrocatalysts and electrocatalytic electrode/reactor design, and their corresponding mechanisms. In addition, current bottlenecks and future opportunities for C2+ product generation is discussed. We aim to provide a detailed review of the state-of-the-art C─C coupling strategies to the community for further development and inspiration in both fundamental understanding and technological applications.

scholarly journals Investigation of Gas Diffusion Electrode Systems for the Electrochemical CO2 Conversion

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Hilmar Guzmán ◽  
Federica Zammillo ◽  
Daniela Roldán ◽  
Camilla Galletti ◽  
Nunzio Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Gas Diffusion Electrode ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction ◽  
Liquid Products

Electrochemical CO2 reduction is a promising carbon capture and utilisation technology. Herein, a continuous flow gas diffusion electrode (GDE)-cell configuration has been studied to convert CO2 via electrochemical reduction under atmospheric conditions. To this purpose, Cu-based electrocatalysts immobilised on a porous and conductive GDE have been tested. Many system variables have been evaluated to find the most promising conditions able to lead to increased production of CO2 reduction liquid products, specifically: applied potentials, catalyst loading, Nafion content, KHCO3 electrolyte concentration, and the presence of metal oxides, like ZnO or/and Al2O3. In particular, the CO productivity increased at the lowest Nafion content of 15%, leading to syngas with an H2/CO ratio of ~1. Meanwhile, at the highest Nafion content (45%), C2+ products formation has been increased, and the CO selectivity has been decreased by 80%. The reported results revealed that the liquid crossover through the GDE highly impacts CO2 diffusion to the catalyst active sites, thus reducing the CO2 conversion efficiency. Through mathematical modelling, it has been confirmed that the increase of the local pH, coupled to the electrode-wetting, promotes the formation of bicarbonate species that deactivate the catalysts surface, hindering the mechanisms for the C2+ liquid products generation. These results want to shine the spotlight on kinetics and transport limitations, shifting the focus from catalytic activity of materials to other involved factors.

An overview of flow cell architectures design and optimization for electrochemical CO2 reduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dui Ma ◽  
Ting Jin ◽  
Keyu Xie ◽  
Haitao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels

Converting CO2 into value-added fuels or chemical feedstocks through electrochemical reduction is one of the several promising avenues to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and alleviate global warming. This approach...

scholarly journals Positional effects of second-sphere amide pendants on electrochemical CO2 reduction catalyzed by iron porphyrins

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2952-2960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva M. Nichols ◽  
Jeffrey S. Derrick ◽  
Sepand K. Nistanaki ◽  
Peter T. Smith ◽  
Christopher J. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Iron Porphyrins ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction ◽  
Positional Effects

The development of catalysts for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide offers an attractive approach to transforming this greenhouse gas into value-added carbon products with sustainable energy input.

Engineering conductive network of atomically thin bismuthene with rich defects enables CO2 reduction to formate with industry-compatible current densities and stability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Wenbo Wei ◽  
Shenghua Zhou ◽  
Dong-Dong Ma ◽  
Aihui Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Conductive Network ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Co2 Reduction Reaction

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to value-added and readily collectable liquid products is promising but remains a great challenge due to the lack of efficient and robust electrocatalysts. Herein, a...

scholarly journals Materials and system design for direct electrochemical CO2 conversion in capture media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuzhen Zhang ◽  
Celia Chen ◽  
Kangkang Li ◽  
Hai Yu ◽  
Fengwang Li
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction ◽  
Co2 Reduction Reaction

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) has been regarded as a promising means to store renewable electricity in the form of value-added chemicals or fuels. However, most of present eCO2RR studies...

scholarly journals From Electricity to Fuels: Descriptors for C1 Selectivity in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tang ◽  
Hongjie Peng ◽  
Philomena Schlexer Lamoureux ◽  
Michal Bajdich ◽  
Frank Abild-Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Reaction Network ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Complex Reaction ◽  
Applied Potential ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction ◽  
Reduced Products ◽  
Combine Evidence

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) over transition metals follows a complex reaction network. Even for products with a single carbon atom (C<sub>1</sub> products), two bifurcated pathways exist: initially between carboxyl (COOH*) and formate (HCOO*) intermediates and the COOH* intermediate is further bifurcated by pathways involving either formyl (CHO*) or COH*. In this study, we combine evidence from the experimental literature with a theoretical analysis of energetics to rationalize that not all steps in the reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> are electrochemical. This insight enables us to create a selectivity map for two-electron products (carbon monoxide (CO) and formate) on elemental metal surfaces using only the CO and OH binding energies as descriptors. In the further reduction of CO<sup>*</sup>, we find that CHO* is formed through a chemical step only whereas COH* follows from an electrochemical step. Notably on Cu(100), the COH pathway becomes dominant at an applied potential lower than −0.5V vs. RHE. For the elemental metals selective towards CO formation, the variation of the CO binding energy is sufficient to further subdivide the map into domains that predominantly form H<sub>2</sub>, CO, and ultimately more reduced products. We find Cu to be the only elemental metal capable of reducing CO<sub>2</sub> to products beyond 2e<sup>− </sup>via the proposed COH pathway and we identify atomic carbon as the key component leading to the production of methane. Our analysis also rationalizes experimentally observed differences in products between thermal and electrochemical reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> on Cu.

scholarly journals Sequential catalysis controls selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction on Cu

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2935-2944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanwei Lum ◽  
Joel W. Ager
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Intermediate Species ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction

A sequential pathway with CO as an intermediate species allows for control of oxygenate selectivity in electrochemical reduction of CO2.

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