A flexible organic inverter made from printable materials for synergistic ammonia sensing

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (26) ◽  
pp. 6506-6511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana Besar ◽  
Jennifer Dailey ◽  
Xingang Zhao ◽  
Howard E. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Output Signal ◽  
Ammonia Sensing ◽  
Voltage Output ◽  
Inverter Circuit ◽  
Organic Inverter

An inverter circuit made from solution deposited dielectrics and semiconductors gives a clear voltage output signal in response to ppm levels of ammonia.

scholarly journals Textile-Integrated Thermocouples for Temperature Measurement

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleri Root ◽  
Thomas Bechtold ◽  
Tung Pham
Keyword(s):  
Output Signal ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Thermoelectric Effects ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Conductive Materials ◽  
Voltage Output ◽  
Cold Junction ◽  
Polymeric Carbon

The integration of conductive materials in textiles is key for detecting temperature in the wearer´s environment. When integrating sensors into textiles, properties such as their flexibility, handle, and stretch must stay unaffected by the functionalization. Conductive materials are difficult to integrate into textiles, since wires are stiff, and coatings show low adhesion. This work shows that various substrates such as cotton, cellulose, polymeric, carbon, and optical fiber-based textiles are used as support materials for temperature sensors. Suitable measurement principles for use in textiles are based on resistance changes, optical interferences (fiber Bragg grating), or thermoelectric effects. This review deals with developments in the construction of temperature sensors and the production of thermocouples for use in textiles. The operating principle of thermocouples is based on temperature gradients building up between a heated and a cold junction of two conductors, which is converted to a voltage output signal. This work also summarizes integration methods for thermocouples and other temperature-sensing techniques as well as the manufacture of conductive materials in textiles. In addition, textile thermocouples are emphasized as suitable and indispensable elements in sensor concepts for smart textiles.

Using a Phototransduction System to Monitor the Isolated Frog Heart

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 441-444
Author(s):  
Philip J. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Output Signal ◽  
Bridge Circuit ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Wheatstone Bridge ◽  
Force Transducer ◽  
Frog Heart ◽  
Recording Device ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Voltage Output ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

A simple and inexpensive method of monitoring the movement of an isolated frog heart provides comparable results to those obtained with a force transducer. A commercially available photoresistor is integrated into a Wheatstone bridge circuit, and the output signal is interfaced directly with a recording device. An excised, beating frog heart is placed in a Petri dish and over the photoresistor so that movements produced during the heartbeat cycle change the amount of light entering the photoresistor and, therefore, the voltage output from the circuit. Experiments that can be done with this system include the effects of temperature and dose–response relationships with Ringer's solutions containing acetylcholine and norepinephrine.

Investigation of Gap Dependency of Distortion in Output Signal from Scale Slit of Optical Encoder

2010 ◽  
Vol 130 (12) ◽  
pp. 1356-1362
Author(s):  
Hajime Nakajima ◽  
Kazuhiko Sumi ◽  
Hiroshi Inujima
Keyword(s):  
Output Signal ◽  
Optical Encoder

CODING OF OUTPUT SIGNAL SETS IN THE COMBINED FSM CIRCUIT ON CPLD

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (25) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
A.A. Barkalov ◽  
◽  
L.A. Titarenko ◽  
I.J. Zeleneva ◽  
S.S. Hrushko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Signal ◽  
Signal Sets

Development of circuit solution and design of capacitive pressure sensor array for applied robotics

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-307
Author(s):  
Konstantin Krestovnikov ◽  
Aleksei Erashov ◽  
Аleksandr Bykov
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Output Signal ◽  
Sensor Array ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Capacitive Pressure Sensor ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
Sensor Structure

This paper presents development of pressure sensor array with capacitance-type unit sensors, with scalable number of cells. Different assemblies of unit pressure sensors and their arrays were considered, their characteristics and fabrication methods were investigated. The structure of primary pressure transducer (PPT) array was presented; its operating principle of array was illustrated, calculated reference ratios were derived. The interface circuit, allowing to transform the changes in the primary transducer capacitance into voltage level variations, was proposed. A prototype sensor was implemented; the dependency of output signal power from the applied force was empirically obtained. In the range under 30 N it exhibited a linear pattern. The sensitivity of the array cells to the applied pressure is in the range 134.56..160.35. The measured drift of the output signals from the array cells after 10,000 loading cycles was 1.39%. For developed prototype of the pressure sensor array, based on the experimental data, the average signal-to-noise ratio over the cells was calculated, and equaled 63.47 dB. The proposed prototype was fabricated of easily available materials. It is relatively inexpensive and requires no fine-tuning of each individual cell. Capacitance-type operation type, compared to piezoresistive one, ensures greater stability of the output signal. The scalability and adjustability of cell parameters are achieved with layered sensor structure. The pressure sensor array, presented in this paper, can be utilized in various robotic systems.

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