3D printing of high performance cyanate ester thermoset polymers

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swetha Chandrasekaran ◽  
Eric B. Duoss ◽  
Marcus A. Worsley ◽  
James P. Lewicki
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cyanate Ester ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Thermal Cure ◽  
Direct Ink Writing ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Thermoset Polymers

We report 3D printing of a ‘pure’ thermal cure cyanate ester for the fabrication of robust 3D printed structures through the formulation, tailoring and post processing of a custom ‘ink’ for Direct Ink Writing.

Integrating 3D printing and self-assembly for layered polymer/nanoparticle microstructures as high-performance sensors

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (28) ◽  
pp. 9495-9501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayli Jambhulkar ◽  
Weiheng Xu ◽  
Rahul Franklin ◽  
Dharneedar Ravichandran ◽  
Yuxiang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Sensor ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Polymer Nanoparticle ◽  
3D Printed

A 3D printed, preferentially aligned, and alternate-layered polymer–carbon nanofiber microstructure for a high-performance chemical sensor has been fabricated.

scholarly journals Biocompatibility of Blank, Post-Processed and Coated 3D Printed Resin Structures with Electrogenic Cells

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Cacie Hart ◽  
Charles M. Didier ◽  
Frank Sommerhage ◽  
Swaminathan Rajaraman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Culture Vessel ◽  
Standard Cell ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Processing Techniques

The widespread adaptation of 3D printing in the microfluidic, bioelectronic, and Bio-MEMS communities has been stifled by the lack of investigation into the biocompatibility of commercially available printer resins. By introducing an in-depth post-printing treatment of these resins, their biocompatibility can be dramatically improved up to that of a standard cell culture vessel (99.99%). Additionally, encapsulating resins that are less biocompatible with materials that are common constituents in biosensors further enhances the biocompatibility of the material. This investigation provides a clear pathway toward developing fully functional and biocompatible 3D printed biosensor devices, especially for interfacing with electrogenic cells, utilizing benchtop-based microfabrication, and post-processing techniques.

Custom Design & Fabrication of 3D printed cast for ankle immobilisation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guruprasad Kuppu Rao ◽  
Tanmay Shah ◽  
Vijay Dayanand Shetty ◽  
B. Ravi
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Tibia Bone ◽  
Joint Injuries ◽  
Custom Design ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
3D Printed

<p>Management of bone and joint injuries is commonly done by immobilisation using plaster/fibreglass casts. This study describes design and fabrication of patient specific cast using 3D printing.  The 3D printed cast while being patient friendly is superior to earlier casts in healing efficacy and hence redefines the joint immobilisation practice. We present here a case of “walk on brace” design and fabrication using 3D printing. The custom design of ankle immobilisation cast was done for an 18-year-old boy having tibia bone fracture during gymnastic activity. The workflow comprises of anatomical data acquisition, CAD, 3D printing, post processing and clinical approval for use. Additional features such as straps, anti-slip inner surface and tread for floor grip were incorporated in the design. </p>

scholarly journals The Surface Characterisation of Fused Filament Fabricated (FFF) 3D Printed PEEK/Hydroxyapatite Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3117
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Rodzeń ◽  
Mary Josephine McIvor ◽  
Preetam K. Sharma ◽  
Jonathan G. Acheson ◽  
Alistair McIlhagger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Surface Characterisation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Printed

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a high-performance thermoplastic polymer which has found increasing application in orthopaedics and has shown a lot of promise for ‘made-to-measure’ implants via additive manufacturing approaches. However, PEEK is bioinert and needs to undergo surface modification to make it at least osteoconductive to ensure a more rapid, improved, and stable fixation that will last longer in vivo. One approach to solving this issue is to modify PEEK with bioactive agents such as hydroxyapatite (HA). The work reported in this study demonstrates the direct 3D printing of PEEK/HA composites of up to 30 weight percent (wt%) HA using a Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) approach. The surface characteristics and in vitro properties of the composite materials were investigated. X-ray diffraction revealed the samples to be semi-crystalline in nature, with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry revealing HA materials were available in the uppermost surface of all the 3D printed samples. In vitro testing of the samples at 7 days demonstrated that the PEEK/HA composite surfaces supported the adherence and growth of viable U-2 OS osteoblast like cells. These results demonstrate that FFF can deliver bioactive HA on the surface of PEEK bio-composites in a one-step 3D printing process.

scholarly journals A Novel Route to Fabricate High-Performance 3D Printed Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Polymer Composites

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueke Ming ◽  
Yugang Duan ◽  
Ben Wang ◽  
Hong Xiao ◽  
Xiaohui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Shape Preservation ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Continuous Fiber ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Thermosetting Polymer

Recently, 3D printing of fiber-reinforced composites has gained significant research attention. However, commercial utilization is limited by the low fiber content and poor fiber–resin interface. Herein, a novel 3D printing process to fabricate continuous fiber-reinforced thermosetting polymer composites (CFRTPCs) is proposed. In brief, the proposed process is based on the viscosity–temperature characteristics of the thermosetting epoxy resin (E-20). First, the desired 3D printing filament was prepared by impregnating a 3K carbon fiber with a thermosetting matrix at 130 °C. The adhesion and support required during printing were then provided by melting the resin into a viscous state in the heating head and rapidly cooling after pulling out from the printing nozzle. Finally, a powder compression post-curing method was used to accomplish the cross-linking reaction and shape preservation. Furthermore, the 3D-printed CFRTPCs exhibited a tensile strength and tensile modulus of 1476.11 MPa and 100.28 GPa, respectively, a flexural strength and flexural modulus of 858.05 MPa and 71.95 GPa, respectively, and an interlaminar shear strength of 48.75 MPa. Owing to its high performance and low concentration of defects, the proposed printing technique shows promise in further utilization and industrialization of 3D printing for different applications.

scholarly journals Post-Processing of 3D-Printed Polymers

Technologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
John Ryan C. Dizon ◽  
Ciara Catherine L. Gache ◽  
Honelly Mae S. Cascolan ◽  
Lina T. Cancino ◽  
Rigoberto C. Advincula
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Stl File ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
3D Printed

Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, is an advancement over traditional formative manufacturing methods. It can increase efficiency in manufacturing operations highlighting advantages such as rapid prototyping, reduction of waste, reduction of manufacturing time and cost, and increased flexibility in a production setting. The additive manufacturing (AM) process consists of five steps: (1) preparation of 3D models for printing (designing the part/object), (2) conversion to STL file, (3) slicing and setting of 3D printing parameters, (4) actual printing, and (5) finishing/post-processing methods. Very often, the 3D printed part is sufficient by itself without further post-printing processing. However, many applications still require some forms of post-processing, especially those for industrial applications. This review focuses on the importance of different finishing/post-processing methods for 3D-printed polymers. Different 3D printing technologies and materials are considered in presenting the authors’ perspective. The advantages and disadvantages of using these methods are also discussed together with the cost and time in doing the post-processing activities. Lastly, this review also includes discussions on the enhancement of properties such as electrical, mechanical, and chemical, and other characteristics such as geometrical precision, durability, surface properties, and aesthetic value with post-printing processing. Future perspectives is also provided towards the end of this review.

High-Performance Cyanate Ester Resins with Interpenetration Networks for 3D Printing

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (34) ◽  
pp. 38682-38689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Xi Zhou ◽  
Yuewei Li ◽  
Jie Zhong ◽  
Zhen Luo ◽  
Cui-Ran Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cyanate Ester ◽  
Cyanate Ester Resins

scholarly journals Real-Time Live-Cell Imaging Technology Enables High-Throughput Screening to Verify in Vitro Biocompatibility of 3D Printed Materials

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina G. Siller ◽  
Anton Enders ◽  
Tobias Steinwedel ◽  
Niklas-Maximilian Epping ◽  
Marline Kirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Live Cell Imaging ◽  
Cell Imaging ◽  
Live Cell ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials

With growing advances in three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, the availability and diversity of printing materials has rapidly increased over the last years. 3D printing has quickly become a useful tool for biomedical and various laboratory applications, offering a tremendous potential for efficiently fabricating complex devices in a short period of time. However, there still remains a lack of information regarding the impact of printing materials and post-processing techniques on cell behavior. This study introduces real-time live-cell imaging technology as a fast, user-friendly, and high-throughput screening strategy to verify the in vitro biocompatibility of 3D printed materials. Polyacrylate-based photopolymer material was printed using high-resolution 3D printing techniques, post-processed using three different procedures, and then analyzed with respect to its effects on cell viability, apoptosis, and necrosis of adipogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). When using ethanol for the post-processing procedure and disinfection, no significant effects on MSCs could be detected. For the analyses a novel image-based live-cell analysis system was compared against a biochemical-based standard plate reader assay and traditional flow cytometry. This comparison illustrates the superiority of using image-based detection of in vitro biocompatibility with respect to analysis time, usability, and scientific outcome.

Interlayer Bonding Strength of 3D Printed PEEK Specimens

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chya-Yan Liaw ◽  
John W Tolbert ◽  
Lesley W Chow ◽  
Murat Guvendiren
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Important Group ◽  
High Performance Polymers ◽  
High Performance Polymer ◽  
Ether Ether Ketone ◽  
Poly Ether Ether Ketone ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Ether Ketone ◽  
Interlayer Bonding

Recent advances in extrusion-based filament 3D printing technology enable the processability of high-performance polymers. Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) is an important group of high-performance polymer that has been widely used...

3D printing in analytical chemistry: current state and future

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 1341-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel N. Nesterenko
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Chemistry ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Flow Reactors ◽  
Flow Cells ◽  
Current State ◽  
Integrated Devices ◽  
3D Printed

AbstractThe rapid development of additive technologies in recent years is accompanied by their intensive introduction into various fields of science and related technologies, including analytical chemistry. The use of 3D printing in analytical instrumentation, in particular, for making prototypes of new equipment and manufacturing parts having complex internal spatial configuration, has been proved as exceptionally effective. Additional opportunities for the widespread introduction of 3D printing technologies are associated with the development of new optically transparent, current- and thermo-conductive materials, various composite materials with desired properties, as well as possibilities for printing with the simultaneous combination of several materials in one product. This review will focus on the application of 3D printing for production of new advanced analytical devices, such as compact chromatographic columns for high performance liquid chromatography, flow reactors and flow cells for detectors, devices for passive concentration of toxic compounds and various integrated devices that allow significant improvements in chemical analysis. A special attention is paid to the complexity and functionality of 3D-printed devices.

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