Translation of protein charge and hydrophilicity to materials surface properties using thermal treatment in fluorous media

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Sheng Wang ◽  
Sanjana Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Yi-Wei Lee ◽  
Jiaxin Zhu ◽  
Stephen S. Nonnenmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Molecular Properties ◽  
Protein Charge ◽  
Film Characteristics

Heat treatment in fluorous solvents generates stable films on 3D substrates, enabling translation of protein molecular properties into film characteristics.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Investigation of Endodontic Sealers Exposed to Simulated Intracanal Heat Application: Hydraulic Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 728
Author(s):  
David Donnermeyer ◽  
Magdalena Ibing ◽  
Sebastian Bürklein ◽  
Iris Weber ◽  
Maximilian P. Reitze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Time Flow ◽  
Heat Application

The aim of this study was to gain information about the effect of thermal treatment of calcium silicate-based sealers. BioRoot RCS (BR), Total Fill BC Sealer (TFBC), and Total Fill BC Sealer HiFlow (TFHF) were exposed to thermal treatment at 37 °C, 47 °C, 57 °C, 67 °C, 77 °C, 87 °C and 97 °C for 30 s. Heat treatment at 97 °C was performed for 60 and 180 s to simulate inappropriate application of warm obturation techniques. Thereafter, specimens were cooled to 37 °C and physical properties (setting time/flow/film thickness according to ISO 6876) were evaluated. Chemical properties (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) were assessed after incubation of the specimens in an incubator at 37 °C and 100% humidity for 8 weeks. Statistical analysis of physical properties was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis-Test (P = 0.05). The setting time, flow, and film thickness of TFBC and TFHF were not relevantly influenced by thermal treatment. Setting time of BR decreased slightly when temperature of heat application increased from 37 °C to 77 °C (P < 0.05). Further heat treatment of BR above 77 °C led to an immediate setting. FT-IR spectroscopy did not reveal any chemical changes for either sealers. Thermal treatment did not lead to any substantial chemical changes at all temperature levels, while physical properties of BR were compromised by heating. TFBC and TFHF can be considered suitable for warm obturation techniques.

scholarly journals Effect of Optical and Morphological Control of Single-Structured LEC Device

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 843
Author(s):  
Woo Jin Jeong ◽  
Jong Ik Lee ◽  
Hee Jung Kwak ◽  
Jae Min Jeon ◽  
Dong Yeol Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Emission Layer ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Stable Operating

We investigated the performance of single-structured light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) devices with Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2 polymer composite as an emission layer by controlling thickness and heat treatment. When the thickness was smaller than 120–150 nm, the device performance decreased because of the low optical properties and non-dense surface properties. On the other hand, when the thickness was over than 150 nm, the device had too high surface roughness, resulting in high-efficiency roll-off and poor device stability. With 150 nm thickness, the absorbance increased, and the surface roughness was low and dense, resulting in increased device characteristics and better stability. The heat treatment effect further improved the surface properties, thus improving the device characteristics. In particular, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) reduction rate was shallow at 100 °C, which indicates that the LEC device has stable operating characteristics. The LEC device exhibited a maximum luminance of 3532 cd/m2 and an EQE of 1.14% under 150 nm thickness and 100 °C heat treatment.

The Effects of Heat Treatment on the Chemical Alterations of Oak Wood

2016 ◽  
Vol 688 ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iveta Čabalová ◽  
František Kačík ◽  
Tereza Tribulová
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
National Renewable Energy Laboratory ◽  
Oak Wood

Samples prepared from oak (Quercusrobur L.) wood were exposed to heat treatment at temperatures of 160, 180, 200 and 220 oC for 3, 6, 9 and 12 hours. In both untreated and thermally treated wood there were determined extractives and lignin by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) procedures, cellulose by Seifert's method, holocellulose according to Wise, hemicelluloses as difference between holocellulose and cellulose. Monosaccharides were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (NREL).The results show that hemicelluloses are less stable at thermal treatment than cellulose. The amounts of lignin and extractives rose by increasing both temperature and time of the treatment while the amounts of hemicelluloses decreased. Thermal treatment also resulted in significant decreases of the yields of non-glucosic saccharides. Degradation of carbohydrates can cause the deterioration of mechanical properties of wood.

Heat treatememt effect on microstructure and mechanical properties of precipitation hardening elinvar alloy

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
G.V. Shlyakhova ◽  
◽  
A.V. Bochkareva ◽  
M.V. Nadezhkin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Alloy Structure ◽  
Treatment Mode ◽  
Elinvar Alloy

This study presents experimental results of structural analysis, such as phase composition, grains size assessment, strength and hardness of Ni-SPAN-C alloy 902 after various heat treatment modes (hardening and aging for stress relaxation). A thermal treatment mode has been selected to obtain higher physical and mechanical properties of the elinvar alloy. It is shown that the improvement of the alloy structure in thermal treatment occurs due to the thermic stresses, as well as the formation and dissolution of intermetallides.

scholarly journals Carbonitration of a Tool for Pressing Stainless Steel Pipes

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. C17-C21
Author(s):  
I. V. Ivanov ◽  
M. V. Mohylenets ◽  
K. A. Dumenko ◽  
L. Kryvchyk ◽  
T. S. Khokhlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Matrix Ring ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Matrix Rings ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
The Stability

To upgrade the operational stability of the tool at LLC “Karbaz”, Sumy, Ukraine, carbonation of tools and samples for research in melts of salts of cyanates and carbonates of alkali metals at 570–580 °C was carried out to obtain a layer thickness of 0.15–0.25 mm and a hardness of 1000–1150 НV. Tests of the tool in real operating conditions were carried out at the press station at LLC “VO Oscar”, Dnipro, Ukraine. The purpose of the test is to evaluate the feasibility of carbonitriding of thermo-strengthened matrix rings and needle-mandrels to improve their stability, hardness, heat resistance, and endurance. If the stability of matrix rings after conventional heat setting varies around 4–6 presses, the rings additionally subjected to chemical-thermal treatment (carbonitration) demonstrated the stability of 7–9 presses due to higher hardness, heat resistance, the formation of a special structure on the surface due to carbonitration in salt melts cyanates and carbonates. Nitrogen and carbon present in the carbonitrided layer slowed down the processes of transformation of solid solutions and coagulation of carbonitride phases. The high hardness of the carbonitrified layer is maintained up to temperatures above 650 °C. If the stability of the needle-mandrels after conventional heat treatment varies between 50–80 presses, the needles, additionally subjected to chemical-thermal treatment (carbonitration) showed the stability of 100–130 presses due to higher hardness, wear resistance, heat resistance, the formation of a special surface structure due to carbonitration in melts of salts of cyanates and carbonates. Keywords: needle-mandrel, matrix ring, pressing, heat treatment, carbonitration.

Effect of Thermal Treatment on Thermoelectric Properties of Extruded TiO2 Ceramics

2014 ◽  
Vol 604 ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnese Pura ◽  
Janis Locs ◽  
Liga Berzina-Cimdina
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Vacuum Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Conditions

TiO2samples were obtained by extrusion process, sintered in air at 1000 °C, 1100 °C, 1200°C and 1300 °C and, afterwards, thermally treated under vacuum conditions at 1250 °C for 1 hour applying two different heating/cooling rates (2 °C/min and 5 °C/min). It was found that thermal treatment conditions substantially affected thermoelectric properties of the samples. Increasing sintering temperature, during the sample thermal treatment in air, the electrical conductivity of the specimens increased, while Seebeck coefficient decreased. With an increase in the heating rate during the vacuum heat treatment of the samples, the electrical conductivity of the samples decreased, while Seebeck coefficient increased.

Micromorphology and Characterization of V2O3 Nanoparticles Produced by the Liquid Phase Reduction-Heat Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 944 ◽  
pp. 650-656
Author(s):  
Ming Rui Zhang ◽  
Yuan Qin ◽  
Dao Zhang ◽  
Guang Yuan Wang ◽  
Sen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Phase Reduction ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Composition Structure

The liquid phase reduction-heat treatment has been used to prepare V2O3nanoparticles in this paper. It is a novel method that the precursor was developed by Oxalic acid dehydrate (H2C2O4·2H2O) reduction of V2O5powder in anhydrous ethanol. V2O3nanoparticles were successfully obtained by thermal treatment of the precursor. The phase, composition, structure, and morphology of the as-obtained samples were verified by XRD, XPS, SEM and TEM measurements. Meanwhile, the possible formation mechanism of V2O3in the heat-treatment is briefly discussed by analyzing the DSC.

scholarly journals Improvement of Thermal Stability of Nd-Tb-Fe-Co-B Sintered Magnets by Additions of Pr, Ho, Al, and Cu

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Lukin ◽  
E. I. Il'yashenko ◽  
A. T. Skjeltorp ◽  
G. Helgesen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Temperature Interval ◽  
Magnetic Parameters ◽  
Sintered Magnets ◽  
Additional Doping ◽  
As Solubility ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The present work investigates the influence of Pr, Al, Cu, B and Ho which were introduced into the Co-containing sintered magnets of Nd-Dy-Tb-Fe-Co-B type on the magnetic parameters (α, Hci, Br, BHmax⁡). The effect of heat treatment parameters on magnetic properties was also studied. It was revealed that the essential alloying of NdFeB magnets by such elements as Dy, Tb, Ho, Co as well as by boron-forming elements, for example, by titanium, may lead to reducing of F-phase quantity, and, as a consequence, to decreasing of magnetic parameters. It was also shown that additional doping of such alloys by Pr, B, Al and Cu leads to a significant increase of the quantity of F-phase in magnets as well as solubility of the Dy, Tb, Ho and Co in it. This promotes the increase of magnetic parameters. It was possible to attain the following properties for the magnets (Nd0,15Pr0,35Tb0,25Ho0,25)15(Fe0,71Co0,29)bal ⋅ Al0,9Cu0,1B8,5 (at. %) after optimal thermal treatment {1175 K (3,6–7,2 ks) with slow (12–16 ks) cooling to 675 K and subsequently remaining at T=775 K for 3,6 ks—hardening}: Br=0,88 T, Hci=1760 kA/m, BHmax⁡=144 kJ/m3, α<|0,01|%/K in the temperature interval 223–323 K.

Synthesis of Si3N4 Powder by Thermal Decomposition of SI(NH)2

1992 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Ampuero ◽  
Paul Bowen ◽  
Terry A. Ring
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Treatment Cycle ◽  
Heat Treatment Cycle ◽  
Si3n4 Powder

ABSTRACTA fine white α-Si3N4 powder has been produced by the thermal decomposition of the coprecipitation product of the reaction between SiC14 and NH3. The Cl content, due to a reaction between Si(NH)2 and the NH4Cl by-product during the thermal treatment of the coprecipitate, has been reduced by using an isothermal step at ≈ 250°C in the heat treatment cycle.

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