scholarly journals Effect of adding oat bran to instant oatmeal on glycaemic response in humans – a study to establish the minimum effective dose of oat β-glucan

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1692-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. S. Wolever ◽  
Alexandra L. Jenkins ◽  
Kevin Prudence ◽  
Jodee Johnson ◽  
Ruedi Duss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dose Response Curve ◽  
Minimum Effective Dose ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Oat Bran ◽  
High Doses

The slope of the present dose–response curve for low-dose oat β-glucan (g/g available-carbohydrate) is equivalent to that for high doses.

Differential sensitivity of Verticillium dahliae, V. albo-atrum, and V. nigrescens to benomyl

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 452-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hall
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Dose Response Curve ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Positive Identification ◽  
Dose Curve ◽  
Range Of Values

Small but significant (P = 0.05) differences in sensitivity to benomyl in vitro were observed among collections of Verticillium dahliae (21 isolates), V. albo-atrum (9 isolates), and V. nigrescens (8 isolates). Mean species effective dose (milligrams per liter) (ED50) values were, respectively, 0.36, p.26, and 0.19 (significantly different from one another). The corresponding mean species values for the slope of the probit inhibition – log dose curve were 10.55, 12.55 (not significantly different), and 6.87 (significantly different). However, positive identification of an isolate by its ED50 value or the slope of the dose–response curve was not possible because of overlap in the range of values within species.

Relevance of Non-Targeted Effects for Radiotherapy and Diagnostic Radiology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmel Mothersill ◽  
Andrej Rusin ◽  
Colin Seymour
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Genomic Instability ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dose Response Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Radiology ◽  
Second Cancer ◽  
Cancer Induction ◽  
Medical Diagnostic

Non-targeted effects (NTE) such as bystander effects or genomic instability have been known for many years but their significance for radiotherapy or medical diagnostic radiology are far from clear. Central to the issue are reported differences in response of normal and tumour tissues to signals from directly irradiated cells. This review will discuss possible mechanisms and implications of these different responses and will then discuss possible new therapeutic avenues suggested by the analysis. Finally, the importance of NTE for diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine which stems from the dominance of NTE in the low dose region of the dose response curve will be presented. Areas such as second cancer induction and microenvironment plasticity will be discussed.

Interval estimation of the median effective dose for a logistic dose-response curve

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Harris ◽  
Mark Hann ◽  
Simon P. J. Kirby ◽  
John C. Dearden
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Interval Estimation ◽  
Dose Response Curve

Effect of 5-isosorbide mononitrate on isosorbide dinitrate-induced relaxation of rabbit aortic rings

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1194-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Bennett ◽  
Glen S. Tam ◽  
Katherine Van Alstyne ◽  
James F. Brien ◽  
Kanji Nakatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Isosorbide Dinitrate ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Parent Drug ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Dose Response Curve ◽  
Isosorbide Mononitrate ◽  
Organic Nitrates

The ability of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and its two metabolites, 5-isosorbide mononitrate (5-ISMN) and 2-isosorbide mononitrate (2-ISMN), to relax phenylephrine-contracted rabbit aortic rings was compared. The three organic nitrates demonstrated similar efficacy. ISDN was found to be the most potent (median effective dose (ED50); 1.5 × 10−7 ± 1.1 × 10−7 M), followed by 2-ISMN (ED50, 1.8 × 10−6 ± 9 × 10−7 M) and 5-ISMN (ED50, 8.2 × 10−6 ± 3.6 × 10−6 M). The log dose–response curve of ISDN in rabbit aortic rings was constructed in the absence and presence of three fixed concentrations of 5-ISMN (5 × 10−6, 10−5, and 3 × 10−5 M). No shift in the ISDN dose–response curve at high ISDN concentrations was noted in the presence of 5-ISMN. Using the isobolographic method with fixed ISDN/5-ISMN ratio mixtures, no evidence for an antagonistic effect of 5-ISMN on ISDN-induced vasodilation was obtained. Analysis of the fixed ISDN/5-ISMN ratio mixture responses by the median–effect plot showed no antagonistic effect. It is concluded that (a) in rabbit aortic rings 5-ISMN, the major metabolite of ISDN, is not an antagonist of ISDN at a "nitrate receptor," and (b) no support is provided for the hypothesis that the accumulation in plasma of metabolites (e.g., 5-ISMN) with longer half-lives than the parent drug explains tolerance to organic nitrates.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE INDUCTION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL UNRESPONSIVENESS TO PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE IN MICE

1966 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory W. Siskind ◽  
James G. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dose Response Curve ◽  
Transient Phase ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Corynebacterium Parvum ◽  
Competent Cells

1. Comparison of dose-response curves indicated that preimmunized animals were slightly more susceptible to the induction of immunological paralysis with pneumococcal polysaccharide than were normal mice. The results also indicated that the paralysis threshold was unaltered by preimmunization. 2. Transient desensitization of immunized mice could be achieved by an amount of polysaccharide far less than that required to induce paralysis. 3. A transient phase of weak immunity was detected prior to the onset of paralysis when induced by relatively low paralyzing doses of polysaccharide. 4. No "low dose" zone of paralysis (analogous to that obtainable with certain protein antigens) could be elicited with pneumococcal polysaccharide. 5. Massive proliferation of lymphoreticular tissues induced by Corynebacterium parvum failed to raise the threshold for paralysis induction, but amplified the immune response over the entire dose-response curve. Similarly, C. parvum failed to abrogate an established state of paralysis. The results suggest that the induction of polysaccharide paralysis is related to the concentration of antigen in the animal and is not modified by the number of immunologically competent cells.

scholarly journals A new approach to automated CBMN scoring following high doses

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Repin ◽  
David J. Brenner ◽  
Guy Garty
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Dose Response Curve ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Binuclear Cells ◽  
Mitotic Delay ◽  
Cbmn Assay ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Multiwell Plates

AbstractIn recent years we have automated the CBMN assay using microvolumes of blood, processed in multiwell plates. We have seen that at doses above 6 Gy the detected yield of micronuclei actually declines with dose, likely because of mitotic delay, preventing cells from forming micronuclei and also, when using one color imaging, resulting in many false binucleated cells, consisting of two randomly-adjacent nuclei. By using the inverse mitotic index (the ratio of mononuclear to binuclear cells) to adjust the micronucleus yield we were able to obtain a monotonic increasing dose response curve at doses of up to at least 10 Gy from the same samples which generated dose-response curve with a peak near 6 Gy, when scored using the traditional micronucleus yield.

Insulin secretion and clearance during low-dose graded glucose infusion

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (1) ◽  
pp. E21-E27 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Byrne ◽  
J. Sturis ◽  
K. S. Polonsky
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Dose Response Curve ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Normal Volunteers

The present study was undertaken in normal volunteers to define the alterations in beta-cell responsiveness to glucose associated with different physiological states, including fasting and refeeding, and after prolonged intravenous glucose infusion. A low-dose graded glucose infusion protocol was used to explore the dose-response relationship between glucose and insulin secretion. Studies were performed in 10 normal volunteers, and insulin secretion rates (ISR) were calculated by deconvolution of peripheral C-peptide levels using a two-compartment model utilizing individual kinetic parameters. From 5 to 9 mmol/l glucose, the relationship between glucose and ISR was linear. After a 42-h glucose infusion at a rate of 4 mg.kg-1.min-1, the ISR increased by 53% over the same glucose concentration range (P < 0.002), resulting in a shift of the dose-response curve to the left. Insulin clearance rates decreased 27% after the 42-h glucose infusion (P < 0.001). After a 72-h fast, ISR decreased by 32% from baseline over the 5-8 mmol/l glucose range (P = 0.056), resulting in a shift of the dose-response curve to the right. This shift was reversed by a 42-h period of refeeding, after which ISR was increased by 77% compared with the fasting study (P < 0.02). Refeeding enhanced the beta-cell responsiveness, and ISR increased by 31% after refeeding compared with the baseline study (P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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