Probiotic/prebiotic correction for adverse effects of iron fortification on intestinal resistance to Salmonella infection in weaning mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1070-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Lin ◽  
Haohao Wu ◽  
Mingyong Zeng ◽  
Guangli Yu ◽  
Shiyuan Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Iron Fortification ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Pathogen Load

Our study provides experimental evidence for the increased diarrhea risk upon iron fortification with high pathogen load, and demonstrates that probiotic or prebiotic supplementation can be used to eliminate the potential harm of iron fortification on gut health.

scholarly journals Autochthonous Probiotics Alleviate the Adverse Effects of Dietary Histamine in Juvenile Grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-Yan Liu ◽  
Hong-Ling Yang ◽  
Ling-Hao Hu ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Chun-Xiang Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Epinephelus Coioides ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Probiotic Strains

High dose (0.3%) of dietary histamine can cause adverse effects on growth performance, innate immunity, and gut health in juvenile grouper (Epinephelus coioides). In the present study, three autochthonous probiotics (Bacillus pumilus SE5, Psychrobacter sp. SE6, and Bacillus clausii DE5) were supplemented separately to diets containing 0.3% of histamine and their effects on growth performance, innate immunity, and gut health of grouper (E. coioides) were evaluated in a 56-day feeding trial. The results showed considerable increase in weight gain, specific growth rate, hepatosomatic index, and decreased feed conversion rate in groupers fed with probiotic-supplemented diets. Supplementation of autochthonous probiotics has improved antioxidant capacity and innate immunity of E. coioides by measuring correlative parameters, such as total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase activity, malondialdehyde content, and so on. Additionally, dietary probiotics have significantly reduced the levels of serum interleukin-1β (at days 28 and 56), fatty acid-binding protein 2, and intestinal trefoil factor (at day 28), and promoted intestinal integrity following remarkably increased muscle thickness and mucosal fold height at day 56, especially in grouper fed with B. pumilus SE5 containing diet (P < 0.05). On day 56, the gut microbial composition of E. coioides was positively shaped by autochthonous probiotics, the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic Photobacterium decreased while beneficial Lactobacillus increased in fish fed with probiotic strains, especially with B. pumilus SE5 and B. clausii DE5. These results suggest that among the three autochthonous probiotic strains tested, B. pumilus SE5 is showing better efficiency in alleviating the adverse effects of (high levels) dietary histamine by decreasing the expression of inflammatory markers and by improving the growth, innate immunity, and gut health of juvenile grouper E. coioides.

scholarly journals Apple pomace improves gut health in Fisher rats independent of seed content

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 2931-2941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitte Ravn-Haren ◽  
Britta N. Krath ◽  
Jarosław Markowski ◽  
Morten Poulsen ◽  
Max Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feeding Study ◽  
Seed Content

Apple pomace with seeds had no adverse effects in a 4-week feeding study in rats and retained its functionality.

scholarly journals Prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides mitigate the adverse effects of iron fortification on the gut microbiome: a randomised controlled study in Kenyan infants

Gut ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 1956-1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Paganini ◽  
Mary A Uyoga ◽  
Guus A M Kortman ◽  
Colin I Cercamondi ◽  
Diego Moretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Iron Fortification ◽  
Randomised Controlled Study ◽  
Randomised Controlled

scholarly journals A restatement of the natural science evidence base on the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on wildlife

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1897) ◽  
pp. 20182416 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Charles J. Godfray ◽  
Andrea E. A. Stephens ◽  
Paul D. Jepson ◽  
Susan Jobling ◽  
Andrew C. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Science Evidence

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are substances that alter the function of the endocrine system and consequently cause adverse effects to humans or wildlife. The release of particular EDCs into the environment has been shown to negatively affect certain wildlife populations and has led to restrictions on the use of some EDCs. Current chemical regulations aim to balance the industrial, agricultural and/or pharmaceutical benefits of using these substances with their demonstrated or potential harm to human health or the environment. A summary is provided of the natural science evidence base informing the regulation of chemicals released into the environment that may have endocrine disrupting effects on wildlife. This summary is in a format (a ‘restatement’) intended to be policy-neutral and accessible to informed, but not expert, policy-makers and stakeholders.

scholarly journals 65 Exploring molecular mechanisms behind Lactobacillus protection offered to Caenorhabditis elegans: the role of neurotransmitters

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
Linyan Li ◽  
Xiaozhen Liu ◽  
Leming Jiang ◽  
Hai Yu ◽  
Shaoping Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Protein Kinase Signaling

Abstract Lactobacillus are commonly used as probiotics in livestock production to improve animal gut health and performance. We previously reported the selection of Lactobacillus zeae LB1, which was able to reduce Salmonella infection in chickens and pigs, through the life-span assay of Caenorhabditis elegans infected with Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. To understand the molecular mechanisms behind the probiotic effect, the present study used C. elegans as a model to investigate the influence of LB1 on the behavior plasticity and roles of both serotonin and dopamine in C. elegans responding to Salmonella infection and LB1 protection. Pre-exposure to LB1 did not elicit aversive olfactory behavior of both the wild-type nematode (N2) and mutants defective in serotonin (tph-1) or dopamine (cat-2) production towards DT104, although LB1 was much more attractive than DT104 to C. elegans. Life-span studies showed that both the mutants succumbed faster than N2 to DT104 infection. Pre-exposure to LB1 significantly increased the survival level of both N2 and mutant tph-1. However, LB1 provided no protection to mutant cat-2. Supplementation of dopamine restored both the resistance of mutant cat-2 to Salmonella infection and the protection from LB1 to mutant cat-2. These results suggest that both serotonin and dopamine have a role in the host defense of C. elegans to Salmonella infection, and that the LB1 protection effect was not dependent on modifying olfactory preference of the nematode, but mediated by dopamine. Additionally, the p38-mitogen activated protein kinase signaling and IGFR-1/DAF-16 signaling pathways may have also participated in the protection under dopamine regulation.

scholarly journals Trust and kinship: experimental evidence from rural India

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-237
Author(s):  
Yashodha
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Economic Experiment ◽  
Differential Behaviour ◽  
Other Regarding ◽  
Heterogeneous Effect ◽  
Other Regarding Preferences

AbstractThe evidence on the welfare effects of kinship is mixed, suggesting both positive and adverse effects of kinship. This study looks into the differential effects of kinship on trusting and trustworthy behaviour by investigating the subjects’ motives and drivers of differential behaviour towards kin and non-kin. We conducted an economic experiment with households of rural India. We found that kin are trusted more than non-kin and that differential trust towards kin and non-kin is mainly driven by higher other-regarding preferences towards kin rather than being due to differences in expected reciprocity between kin and non-kin. We observed a heterogeneous effect of kin on trustworthy behaviour: kin exhibit low trustworthiness when they are not close to other kin, while they exhibit higher trustworthiness when they have close kin in the network.

Effect of wheat processing and enzyme supplementation of weaner diets on piglet performance and gut health

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 58-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Gill ◽  
S. Garcia ◽  
K. H. Hillman ◽  
H. Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Microbial Fermentation ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Heat Damage ◽  
Retrograded Starch ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

Cooked cereals in weaner diets are considered to enhance digestion, gut health and intake. However, studies (McCone et al., 1991; Lynch et al., 1992) have shown adverse effects of cooked wheat on performance. The nutritional significance of cooking may include: (1) increased antinutritive effects of non-starch polysacharrides (NSP), (2) formation of retrograded starch (RS) which is resistant to α-amylase but is available for microbial fermentation (Englyst and Cummings, 1987) and (3) reduced protein quality due to heat damage. In this study, the aim was to obtain further understanding of this response to cooked wheat by evaluating the effects of different processing methods and feed enzyme supplementation on performance and indicators of gut health.

Analysis of the intestinal microbiota of oligosaccharide fed mice exhibiting reduced resistance to Salmonella infection

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Petersen ◽  
A. Bergström ◽  
J. Andersen ◽  
M. Hansen ◽  
S. Lahtinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bacteroidetes Phylum ◽  
Bifidogenic Effect ◽  
Stimulation Of

Certain indigestible carbohydrates, known as prebiotics, are claimed to be beneficial for gut health through a selective stimulation of certain gut microbes including bifidobacteria. However, stimulation of such microbes does not necessarily imply a preventive effect against pathogen infection. We recently demonstrated a reduced resistance to Salmonella infection in mice fed diets containing fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) or xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS). In the present study, faecal and caecal samples from the same mice were analysed in order to study microbial changes potentially explaining the observed effects on the pathogenesis of Salmonella. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed that the microbiota in faecal samples from mice fed FOS or XOS were different from faecal samples collected before the feeding trial as well as from faecal profiles generated from control animals. This difference was not seen for caecal profiles. Further analysis of faecal samples by real-time PCR demonstrated a significant increase in the Bacteroidetes phylum, the Bacteroides fragilis group and in Bifidobacterium spp. in mice fed FOS or XOS. The observed bifidogenic effect was more pronounced for XOS than for FOS. The Firmicutes phylum and the Clostridium coccoides group were reduced by both FOS and XOS. Surprisingly, no significant differences were detected between faecal samples collected before and after pathogen challenge in any of the groups. Furthermore, no effect of diets on caecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids was recorded. In conclusion, diets supplemented with FOS or XOS induced a number of microbial changes in the faecal microbiota of mice. The observed effects of XOS were qualitatively similar to those of FOS, but the most prominent bifidogenic effect was seen for XOS. An increased level of bifidobacteria is thus not in itself preventive against Salmonella infection, since the same XOS or FOS-fed mice were previously reported to be more severely affected by Salmonella than control animals.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Safety of Anti-Sclerostin Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 770
Author(s):  
Daniel Cejka
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Cardiovascular Safety ◽  
Resorptive Activity

The significance of sclerostin for bone and cardiovascular health in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is complex and incompletely understood. Experimental evidence suggests that anti-sclerostin therapy shows diminished efficacy on bone in the setting of CKD. Limited clinical evidence suggests that the osteoanabolic and anti-resorptive activity is attenuated, but hypocalcemia is more prevalent in patients with advanced CKD (eGFR < 30 mL/min) treated with anti-sclerostin (romosozumab) therapy as compared to patients without kidney disease. Furthermore, sclerostin is prominently expressed in uremic arteries. Whether the inhibition of sclerostin has adverse effects on cardiovascular health in CKD is currently unknown. This review summarizes the current understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of sclerostin in CKD, with a focus on the cardiovascular safety of anti-sclerostin therapy in patients with or without CKD.

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