scholarly journals Reversible ultralow-voltage liquid–liquid electrowetting without a dielectric layer

2017 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico E. A. Cousens ◽  
Anthony R. J. Kucernak
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Solid Metal ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Reversible Change ◽  
Electrowetting On Dielectric ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Dielectric Devices ◽  
First Time

Electrowetting-on-dielectric devices typically have operating voltages of 10–20 V. A reduction in the operating voltage could greatly reduce the energy consumption of these devices. Herein, fully reversible one-electrolyte electrowetting of a droplet on a solid metal surface is reported for the first time. A reversible change of 29° for an 800 mV step is achieved. The effects of surface roughness, electrolyte composition, electrolyte concentration and droplet composition are investigated. It was found that there is a dramatic dependence of the reversibility and hysteresis of the system on these parameters, contrary to theoretical predictions. When a 3-chloro-1-propanol droplet is used, a system with no hysteresis and a 40° change in angle are obtained.

scholarly journals Candidate name order effects in New Hampshire: Evidence from primaries and from general elections with party column ballots

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248049
Author(s):  
Bo MacInnis ◽  
Joanne M. Miller ◽  
Jon A. Krosnick ◽  
Clifton Below ◽  
Miriam Lindner
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Major Party ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Primacy Effects ◽  
First Time

Research in a few U.S. states has shown that candidates listed first on ballots gain extra votes as a result. This study explored name order effects for the first time in New Hampshire, where such effects might be weak or entirely absent because of high political engagement and the use of party column ballots. In general elections (in 2012 and 2016) for federal offices and the governorship and in primaries (in 2000, 2002, and 2004), evidence of primacy effects appeared in 86% of the 84 tests, including the 2016 presidential race, when Donald Trump gained 1.7 percentage points from first listing, and Hillary Clinton gained 1.5 percentage points. Consistent with theoretical predictions, primacy effects were larger in primaries and for major-party candidates in general elections than for non-major-party candidates in general elections, more pronounced in less publicized contests, and stronger in contests without an incumbent running. All of this constitutes evidence of the reliability and generalizability of evidence on candidate name order effects and their moderators.

Helical Rosette Nanotubes as a Potentially More Effective Orthopaedic Implant Material

2004 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Lin Chun ◽  
Hicham Fenniri ◽  
Thomas J. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Orthopaedic Implant ◽  
Rosette Nanotubes ◽  
Osteoblast Adhesion ◽  
Organic Nanotubes ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTOrganic nanotubes called helical rosette nanotubes (HRN) have been synthesized in this study for bone tissue engineering applications. They possess intriguing properties for various bionanotechnology applications since they can be designed to mimic the nanostructured constituent components in bone such as collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)) which bone cells are naturally accustomed to interacting with. This is in contrast to currently used orthopaedic materials such as titanium which do not possess desirable nanometer surface roughness. The objective of this in vitro study was to determine bone-forming cell (osteoblasts) interactions on titanium coated with HRNs. Results of this study showed for the first time increased osteoblast adhesion on titanium coated with HRNs compared to those not coated with HRNs. In this manner, this study provided evidence that HRNs should be further considered for orthopaedic applications.

Design of crescent driving electrodes for digital electrowetting-on-dielectric devices

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-641
Author(s):  
许晓威 XU Xiao-wei ◽  
陈立国 CHEN Li- guo ◽  
贺文元 HE Wen-yuan ◽  
陈涛 CHEN Tao ◽  
孙立宁 SUN Li- ning
Keyword(s):  
Electrowetting On Dielectric ◽  
Dielectric Devices

scholarly journals Neutron-capture elements in dwarf galaxies

2020 ◽  
Vol 634 ◽  
pp. A84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Á. Skúladóttir ◽  
C. J. Hansen ◽  
A. Choplin ◽  
S. Salvadori ◽  
M. Hampel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Massive Star ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Dwarf Galaxies ◽  
Asymptotic Giant Branch ◽  
Agb Stars ◽  
Chemical Enrichment ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Low Metallicity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Best Fit

The slow (s) and intermediate (i) neutron (n) capture processes occur both in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, and in massive stars. To study the build-up of the s- and i-products at low metallicity, we investigate the abundances of Y, Ba, La, Nd, and Eu in 98 stars, at −2.4 <  [Fe/H] <  −0.9, in the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy. The chemical enrichment from AGB stars becomes apparent at [Fe/H] ≈ −2 in Sculptor, and causes [Y/Ba], [La/Ba], [Nd/Ba] and [Eu/Ba] to decrease with metallicity, reaching subsolar values at the highest [Fe/H] ≈ −1. To investigate individual nucleosynthetic sites, we compared three n-rich Sculptor stars with theoretical yields. One carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP-no) star with high [Sr, Y, Zr] >  +0.7 is best fit with a model of a rapidly-rotating massive star, the second (likely CH star) with the i-process, while the third has no satisfactory fit. For a more general understanding of the build-up of the heavy elements, we calculate for the first time the cumulative contribution of the s- and i-processes to the chemical enrichment in Sculptor, and compare with theoretical predictions. By correcting for the r-process, we derive [Y/Ba]s/i = −0.85 ± 0.16, [La/Ba]s/i = −0.49 ± 0.17, and [Nd/Ba]s/i = −0.48 ± 0.12, in the overall s- and/or i-process in Sculptor. These abundance ratios are within the range of those of CEMP stars in the Milky Way, which have either s- or i-process signatures. The low [Y/Ba]s/i and [La/Ba]s/i that we measure in Sculptor are inconsistent with them arising from the s-process only, but are more compatible with models of the i-process. Thus we conclude that both the s- and i-processes were important for the build-up of n-capture elements in the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy.

Intermediation in Private Equity: The Role of Placement Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1095-1116
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Cain ◽  
Stephen B. McKeon ◽  
Steven Davidoff Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Private Equity ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Illiquid Investments ◽  
First Time ◽  
High Information

Intermediation in private equity involves illiquid investments, professional investors, and high information asymmetry. We use this unique setting to empirically evaluate theoretical predictions regarding intermediation. Using placement agents has become nearly ubiquitous, but agents are associated with significantly lower abnormal returns in venture and real estate funds, consistent with investor capture and influence peddling. However, returns are higher for buyout funds employing a top-tier agent and for first-time real estate and venture funds employing an agent, and are less volatile for agent-affiliated funds, consistent with a certification role. Our results suggest heterogeneous motives for intermediation in the private equity industry.

scholarly journals Time Profile of the Neutrino Burst from the Supernova 1987A

1988 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 426-427
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Suzuki ◽  
Katsuhiko Sato
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
Supernova Explosion ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Time ◽  
The Core ◽  
Supernova 1987A ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
First Time

SN1987A gave us the first opportunity to study the supernova core directly by providing us the neutrino signal from the core. The observational data of the neutrino flux detected by Kamiokande[1] and IMB[2] show surprisingly good agreements with the theoretical predictions as a whole[3,4]. The fundamental concept of the collapse driven supernova explosion is confirmed for the first time. On the other hand, there are some puzzles. The most peculiar feature of the data is the 7 seconds gap of the Kamiokande data. The first 8 events of Kamiokande were detected in 2 seconds, following the 7 seconds gap and the last 3 events in 4 seconds. Of course just only 7 seconds gap is not unnatural if small neutrino flux come. But there were detected 3 events after the gap. These 3 events may not be produced by the weak flux. We can estimate the time integrated luminosity of corresponding to the last 3 events and get the large value such as 7 · 1052erg [5]. Can we get out of this inconsistency, 3 events after the 7 seconds gap? If not, we may need to consider some nonstandard mechanism of the neutrino emission at the late time. In order to investigate the probability of the case in which there is a 7 seconds gap before 3 events, we have performed Monte Carlo simulations for the simple model of neutrino flux.

scholarly journals Dense, Strong, and Precise Silicon Nitride-Based Ceramic Parts by Lithography-Based Ceramic Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altan Alpay Altun ◽  
Thomas Prochaska ◽  
Thomas Konegger ◽  
Martin Schwentenwein
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
High Relative Density ◽  
Ceramic Manufacturing ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

Due to the high level of light absorption and light scattering of dark colored powders connected with the high refractive indices of ceramic particles, the majority of ceramics studied via stereolithography (SLA) have been light in color, including ceramics such as alumina, zirconia and tricalcium phosphate. This article focuses on a lithography-based ceramic manufacturing (LCM) method for β-SiAlON ceramics that are derived from silicon nitride and have excellent material properties for high temperature applications. This study demonstrates the general feasibility of manufacturing of silicon nitride-based ceramic parts by LCM for the first time and combines the advantages of SLA, such as the achievable complexity and low surface roughness (Ra = 0.50 µm), with the typical properties of conventionally manufactured silicon nitride-based ceramics, such as high relative density (99.8%), biaxial strength (σf = 764 MPa), and hardness (HV10 = 1500).

Effects of Machining Fluid on Electric Discharge Machining of SiC Ingot

2014 ◽  
Vol 778-780 ◽  
pp. 767-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norimasa Yamamoto ◽  
Satarou Yamaguchi ◽  
Tomohisa Kato
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Electric Discharge Machining ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
First Time

Recently, ingots of silicon carbide have been adapted to be sliced by the wire-cut electrical discharge machining. Fast slicing, and the reduction in the loss are important for slicing of the wafer. In this paper, characteristic features of the electric discharge machining in the ion-exchange water and the fluorine-based fluid were compared for these improvement. The discharge was caused by a pulse voltage applied to a ingot of silicon carbide and the wire in machining fluid, and the slicing was proceeded. As a result, improvement of surface roughness and kerf loss was confirmed, for the first time. In addition, the improving methods for fast slicing were considered.

Mechanical Filtration of Particles in Electrowetting on Dielectric Devices

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1010-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Schertzer ◽  
R. Ben-Mrad ◽  
Pierre E. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Electrowetting On Dielectric ◽  
Dielectric Devices
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document