Effects of agglomeration on in vitro dosimetry and cellular association of silver nanoparticles

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
My Kieu Ha ◽  
Yoo Jin Shim ◽  
Tae Hyun Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Biological Media ◽  
Agglomeration Of Nanoparticles ◽  
In Vitro Dosimetry

Agglomeration of nanoparticles in biological media influences their effective dose and cellular association.

A Comparative Ex Vivo Study of Plasminogen Activators and Proteases for Fibrinolytic Activity and Side Effects in Rabbits

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A Janik ◽  
S. E Papaioannou
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Coagulation Parameters ◽  
Ex Vivo Assay

SummaryUrokinase, streptokinase, Brinase, trypsin, and SN 687, a bacterial exoprotease, have been evaluated in an ex vivo assay system. These enzymes were injected into rabbits and the fibrinolytic activity as well as other coagulation parameters were measured by in vitro techniques. Dose-response correlations have been made using the euglobulin lysis time as a measure of fibrinolytic activity and the 50% effective dose has been determined for each enzyme. Loading doses, equal to four times the 50% effective dose, were administered to monitor potential toxicity revealing that Brinase, trypsin, and SN 687 were very toxic at this concentration.Having established the 50% effective dose for each enzyme, further testing was conducted where relevant fibrinolytic and coagulation parameters were measured for up to two days following a 50% effective dose bolus injection of each enzyme. Our results have demonstrated that urokinase and streptokinase are plasminogen activators specifically activating the rabbit fibrinolytic system while Brinase, trypsin and SN 687 increase the general proteolytic activity in vivo.The advantages of this ex vivo assay system for evaluating relative fibrinolytic potencies and side effects for plasminogen activators and fibrinolytic proteases have been discussed.

Antibacterial activity of garlic extract and silver Nanoparticles: an in vitro analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SHREYASHI M ◽  
SULAGNA D ◽  
SANKARI D ◽  
THIRUMURUGAN D ◽  
INFANT SANTHOSE B ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Analysis

A harmonized and standardized in vitro approach produces reliable results on silver nanoparticles toxicity in different cell lines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Andreoli ◽  
Valentina Prota ◽  
Isabella De Angelis ◽  
Emiliano Facchini ◽  
Andrea Zijno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Nanoparticles Toxicity

scholarly journals Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Proliferation and Apoptosis in Granulosa Cells of Chicken Preovulatory Follicles: An In Vitro Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1652
Author(s):  
Dorota Katarzyńska-Banasik ◽  
Anna Kozubek ◽  
Małgorzata Grzesiak ◽  
Andrzej Sechman
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Cell Death Pathways ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Apoptosis Process

The continuous development of poultry production related to the growing demand for eggs and chicken meat makes it necessary to use modern technologies. An answer to this demand may be the use of nanotechnology in poultry farming. One of the promising nanomaterials in this field are silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which are used as disinfectants, reducing microbial pollution and the amounts of greenhouse gases released. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of AgNPs on the proliferation and apoptosis process in the granulosa cells of chicken preovulatory follicles. The in vitro culture experiment revealed that both 13 nm and 50 nm AgNPs inhibited the proliferation of the granulosa cells. However, a faster action was observed in 50 nm AgNPs than in 13 nm ones. A size-dependent effect of AgNP was also demonstrated for the caspase-3 activity. AgNPs 13 nm in size increased the caspase-3 activity in granulosa cells, while 50 nm AgNPs did not exert an effect, which may indicate the induction of distinct cell death pathways by AgNPs. In conclusion, our study reveals that AgNPs in vitro inhibit granulosa cell proliferation and stimulate their apoptosis. These results suggest that AgNPs may disrupt the final stage of preovulatory follicle maturation and ovulation.

scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7202
Author(s):  
Tamara Bruna ◽  
Francisca Maldonado-Bravo ◽  
Paul Jara ◽  
Nelson Caro
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Strains

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been imposed as an excellent antimicrobial agent being able to combat bacteria in vitro and in vivo causing infections. The antibacterial capacity of AgNPs covers Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including multidrug resistant strains. AgNPs exhibit multiple and simultaneous mechanisms of action and in combination with antibacterial agents as organic compounds or antibiotics it has shown synergistic effect against pathogens bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The characteristics of silver nanoparticles make them suitable for their application in medical and healthcare products where they may treat infections or prevent them efficiently. With the urgent need for new efficient antibacterial agents, this review aims to establish factors affecting antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles, as well as to expose the advantages of using AgNPs as new antibacterial agents in combination with antibiotic, which will reduce the dosage needed and prevent secondary effects associated to both.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Entomopathogenic Fungi: Antimicrobial Resistance, Nanopesticides, and Toxicity

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 852
Author(s):  
Tárcio S. Santos ◽  
Tarcisio M. Silva ◽  
Juliana C. Cardoso ◽  
Ricardo L. C. de Albuquerque-Júnior ◽  
Aleksandra Zielinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Biological Synthesis ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Potential Use

Silver nanoparticles are widely used in the biomedical and agri-food fields due to their versatility. The use of biological methods for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles has increased considerably due to their feasibility and high biocompatibility. In general, microorganisms have been widely explored for the production of silver nanoparticles for several applications. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of entomopathogenic fungi for the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles, in comparison to the use of other filamentous fungi, and the possibility of using these nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents and for the control of insect pests. In addition, the in vitro methods commonly used to assess the toxicity of these materials are discussed. Several species of filamentous fungi are known to have the ability to form silver nanoparticles, but few studies have been conducted on the potential of entomopathogenic fungi to produce these materials. The investigation of the toxicity of silver nanoparticles is usually carried out in vitro through cytotoxicity/genotoxicity analyses, using well-established methodologies, such as MTT and comet assays, respectively. The use of silver nanoparticles obtained through entomopathogenic fungi against insects is mainly focused on mosquitoes that transmit diseases to humans, with satisfactory results regarding mortality estimates. Entomopathogenic fungi can be employed in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles for potential use in insect control, but there is a need to expand studies on toxicity so to enable their use also in insect control in agriculture.

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