scholarly journals Comparison of indoor air sampling and dust collection methods for fungal exposure assessment using quantitative PCR

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1312-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie Cox ◽  
Reshmi Indugula ◽  
Stephen Vesper ◽  
Zheng Zhu ◽  
Roman Jandarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Air Sampling ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Dust Collection ◽  
Fungal Exposure ◽  
The Many ◽  
Collection Methods

Evaluating fungal contamination indoors is complicated because of the many different sampling methods utilized.

Model Pendidikan Karakter Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan: Studi Kasus di Smk Muhammadiyah 3 Purbalingga

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 146-155
Author(s):  
Sareh Siswo Setyo Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Education Model ◽  
The Many ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Qualitative Data Collection

The formation of character is needed by adolescents in this era. It is based with the many phenomena of juvenile delinquency. Characters will not be formed away so it needs an effort should be made of teachers in shaping the character of teenagers. In addition, the authors found the variation of the efforts of teachers holistically so that teenagers will easily formed his character in accordance with the purpose of the character education. The problem of this research is how the character education model Vocational High School who applied in the implementation of the formation of character in SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Purbalingga. The purpose of this study is the author would like to know a clear picture of the implementation of character education model in efforts to form children's character in School SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Purbalingga. This paper discusses the character education model be applicable in the planting of character values ​​to students in Vocational High School Muhammadiyah 3 Purbalingga. This type of research is a field research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection methods used include interviews, observation and documentation. As for analyzing the data obtained, the authors do by collecting all the data, reducing the data, presenting data, and verification of data. Results from this study showed that the model of character education is done to instill character values ​​to learners School SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Purbalingga using reflective models. Use of the character models adhering to the principles of character education and values ​​are developed in accordance with the level of development of learners.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review of indoor air sampling for virus detection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Tito Borges ◽  
Liane Yuri Kondo Nakada ◽  
Milena Guedes Maniero ◽  
José Roberto Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Air Sampling

scholarly journals Evaluation of Two Surface Sampling Methods for Detection of Erwinia herbicola on a Variety of Materials by Culture and Quantitative PCR

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 3505-3510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark P. Buttner ◽  
Patricia Cruz ◽  
Linda D. Stetzenbach ◽  
Tracy Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Surface Sampling ◽  
Laminate Glass ◽  
Erwinia Herbicola ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Surface Materials

ABSTRACT This research was designed to evaluate surface sampling protocols for use with culture and quantitative PCR (QPCR) amplification assay for detection of the gram-negative bacterial biothreat simulant Erwinia herbicola on a variety of surface materials. Surfaces selected for evaluation were wood laminate, glass and computer monitor screens, metal file cabinets, plastic arena seats, nylon seat cushions, finished concrete flooring, and vinyl tile flooring. Laboratory and test chamber studies were performed to evaluate two sampling methods, a sponge and a macrofoam swab, for detection of E. herbicola on surface materials. In laboratory trials, seven materials were inoculated with a known concentration of E. herbicola cells and samples were collected from the surfaces of the materials to determine sampling efficiencies. Culture analysis was ineffective for assessing E. herbicola collection efficiency because very few culturable cells were obtained from surface samples. QPCR demonstrated that E. herbicola DNA was present in high concentrations on all of the surface samples, and sampling efficiencies ranged from 0.7 to 52.2%, depending on the sampling method and the surface material. The swab was generally more efficient than the sponge for collection of E. herbicola from surfaces. Test chamber trials were also performed in which E. herbicola was aerosolized into the chamber and allowed to settle onto test materials. Surface sampling results supported those obtained in laboratory trials. The results of this study demonstrate the capabilities of QPCR to enhance the detection and enumeration of biocontaminants on surface materials and provide information on the comparability of sampling methods.

scholarly journals Droplet- Rather than Aerosol-Mediated Dispersion Is the Primary Mechanism of Bacterial Transmission from Contaminated Hand-Washing Sink Traps

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shireen M. Kotay ◽  
Rodney M. Donlan ◽  
Christine Ganim ◽  
Katie Barry ◽  
Bryan E. Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Air Sampling ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Green Fluorescent

ABSTRACT An alarming rise in hospital outbreaks implicating hand-washing sinks has led to widespread acknowledgment that sinks are a major reservoir of antibiotic-resistant pathogens in patient care areas. An earlier study using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing Escherichia coli (GFP-E. coli) as a model organism demonstrated dispersal from drain biofilms in contaminated sinks. The present study further characterizes the dispersal of microorganisms from contaminated sinks. Replicate hand-washing sinks were inoculated with GFP-E. coli, and dispersion was measured using qualitative (settle plates) and quantitative (air sampling) methods. Dispersal caused by faucet water was captured with settle plates and air sampling methods when bacteria were present on the drain. In contrast, no dispersal was captured without or in between faucet events, amending an earlier theory that bacteria aerosolize from the P-trap and disperse. Numbers of dispersed GFP-E. coli cells diminished substantially within 30 minutes after faucet usage, suggesting that the organisms were associated with larger droplet-sized particles that are not suspended in the air for long periods. IMPORTANCE Among the possible environmental reservoirs in a patient care environment, sink drains are increasingly recognized as a potential reservoir to hospitalized patients of multidrug-resistant health care-associated pathogens. With increasing antimicrobial resistance limiting therapeutic options for patients, a better understanding of how pathogens disseminate from sink drains is urgently needed. Once this knowledge gap has decreased, interventions can be engineered to decrease or eliminate transmission from hospital sink drains to patients. The current study further defines the mechanisms of transmission for bacteria that colonize sink drains.

Field Comparison of Air Sampling Methods for Monomeric and Polymeric 1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Thomasen ◽  
Kenneth W. Fent ◽  
Carolyn Reeb-Whitaker ◽  
Stephen G. Whittaker ◽  
Leena A. Nylander-French
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Air Sampling ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate

scholarly journals The Monitoring of Fungal Contamination in Indoor Air of Two Hospitals in Shiraz

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba Abbasi ◽  
Mahrokh Jalili ◽  
Mohammad Reza Samaei ◽  
Ali Mohammad Mokhtari ◽  
Elahe Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Specialist Care ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Air Contamination

Introduction: Hospitals, as one of the important elements in the health system, play an important role in patient’s health. Fungi are one of the effective parameters on indoor air quality. This study aimed to compare of fungal contamination of two hospitals in Shiraz City. Materials and Methods: Sampling was conducted based on NIOSH 0800 standard (1.5 meters above the ground level with one stage Anderson and Sabaroud dextrose agar enriched chloramphenicol as the growth media) in January-September 2017. The investigated wards included pathological laboratory, emergency rooms, neonatal specialist care, radiology, operating room, and maternity ward. The results showed that the variation and concentration of fungi were higher in hospital X than hospital Y, which was located in an agricultural area far from the city center. Results: The predominant fungi were Monillia, Aspergillus, and Penicillium in hospital Y, while they were Aspergillus and Penicillium in hospital X. The highest concentrations were found in emergency and laboratory wards. With regard to higher fungal contamination of hospital X and its different location, it can be concluded that the geographical properties and outdoor air are effective factors on indoor air contamination at hospitals.   Conclusion: Appropriate management of patients' admission and visiting time can be effective on indoor air contamination at hospitals. Furthermore, efficient ventilation using high-efficiency particulate air and appropriate devices for elimination of fungi level are recommended to this end. Moreover, these parameters can provide physical and psychometric health problems for patients’ careers and other health workers.

scholarly journals Methodical issues of the monitoring for ammonium in indoors air

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 917-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Sh. Iakubova ◽  
Yu. V. Dadaly ◽  
A. V. Mel’Tser ◽  
Lilia A. Alikbayeva ◽  
A. Yu. Zhirnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Air Sampling ◽  
State Standards ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Iso 5725

Introduction. To perform mass studies of the indoors air environment of the ammonium content the actual issues are the shortening of the sampling time and material costs for their implementation, reduction of adverse effects of ammonium with keeping of the objectivity of results. Aim. The elaboration of the method of short-term air sampling for indoors ammonium and comparative assessment ofdifferent methods of sampling in the course of modeling and field tests. Materials and Methods. Air sampling for ammonium was carried out according to the developed program and standard method, under the average daily 4-fold taking according to State Standards (GOST) 17.2.3.01-86 andRD 52.04.186-89. The evaluation of the significance of deviations of analysis results was carried out in accordance with GOST R ISO 5725-6-2002 and Recommendations of the Interstate Standardization RMG - 61-2003. Results. There were executed model and field tests of air sampling for ammonium according to the standard method and the program of short-term sampling. There were obtained significantly comparable results of ammonium content in the indoor air in the course of model and field tests. Conclusions. Sampling according to the developed program has a number of advantages, including: the shortening of sampling time, material costs, increasing in productivity in the analysis of indoor airfor the ammonium content. The execution oftest sampling according to the developed program allows to reduce the time of ammonium exposure to personnel carrying out the test sampling.

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