scholarly journals Correction: Microchip in situ electrosynthesis of silver metallic oxide clusters for ultra-FAST detection of galactose in galactosemic newborns’ urine samples

The Analyst ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (19) ◽  
pp. 3758-3758
Author(s):  
Laura García-Carmona ◽  
Daniel Rojas ◽  
María Cristina González ◽  
Alberto Escarpa
Keyword(s):  
Urine Samples ◽  
Metallic Oxide ◽  
Fast Detection

Correction for ‘Microchip in situ electrosynthesis of silver metallic oxide clusters for ultra-FAST detection of galactose in galactosemic newborns’ urine samples by Laura García-Carmona et al., Analyst, 2016, 141, 6002–6007.

Microchip in situ electrosynthesis of silver metallic oxide clusters for ultra-FAST detection of galactose in galactosemic newborns’ urine samples

The Analyst ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (21) ◽  
pp. 6002-6007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura García-Carmona ◽  
Daniel Rojas ◽  
María Cristina González ◽  
Alberto Escarpa
Keyword(s):  
Urine Samples ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
Metallic Oxide ◽  
Fast Detection ◽  
First Time

This work describes for the first time the coupling of microfluidic chips (MC) to electrosynthetized silver metallic oxide clusters (AgMOCs).

DEVELOPMENT OF MATERIALS AND SAMPLING METHODS FOR IR-BASED DETECTION OF TOXIC COMPOUNDS IN WATER

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 697-708
Author(s):  
BRIAN J. NINNESS ◽  
LUKE D. DOUCETTE ◽  
BEN MCCOOL ◽  
CARL P. TRIPP
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Material Synthesis ◽  
Sampling Protocol ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Fast Detection ◽  
Oxide Powders ◽  
Detection Approach ◽  
Aqueous Environments

A detection approach based on the principles of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is presented for the trace level detection of toxic compounds in water. The main advantages of this approach are that it operates in heterogeneous aqueous environments, provides fast detection (< 10 min), and exhibits high sensitivity/selectivity to nonvolatile toxic materials with minimal false alarms. The key enablers to using FTIR for aqueous-based detection is the development of a selective and robust sampling protocol coupled to a miniaturized portable FTIR unit. The sampling approaches involve synthesizing and tailoring microporous, mesoporous, and nonporous metal oxide powders/films that are amenable for in situ FTIR measurements. In this paper we provide an overview of the material synthesis and surface modification strategies, and present results obtained using these materials for the low level detection of the organophosphate pesticide phosmet. Phosmet is used as a surrogate for the nerve agent VX.

Correlative Nanomechanical Measurements for Complex Engineered Systems

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 799-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Hintsala ◽  
Syed Asif ◽  
Douglas D. Stauffer
Keyword(s):  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Metallic Oxide ◽  
Complex Engineered Systems ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Engineered Systems ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Disc Drive

ABSTRACTMultilayered film stacks, with length scales less than 10 nm are commonly used in a variety of devices, but present significant challenges to mechanical testing and evaluation. This is due to property convolution of the different layers. Both the properties of the individual layers and the combined response of the film stack are important input for design optimization. Here, we present ex-situ nanoindentation of a film stack representative of a perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) hard disc drive (HDD), with more than 10 layers. We then compare this with in-situ transmission electron microscopy indentation to visualize deformation of individual layers of the stack. The ex-situ testing reveals early plastic deformation, with an initially high contact pressure (13 GPa) and modulus ( >160 GPa), followed by significant softening (8 GPa contact pressure and 140 GPa modulus), then slight hardening to 9 GPa. From in-situ testing, it is revealed that the metallic layer directly under the diamond like carbon (DLC) contributes the majority of the deformation and plastic flow, which is in turn constrained by a metallic oxide.

scholarly journals A Sensitive Alternative for MicroRNA In Situ Hybridizations Using Probes of 2′-O-Methyl RNA + LNA

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 661-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Søe ◽  
Trine Møller ◽  
Martin Dufva ◽  
Kim Holmstrøm
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Locked Nucleic Acid ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Fast Detection ◽  
Mirna Targets ◽  
Low Copy Number ◽  
In Situ Hybridizations ◽  
Affinity Probes

The use of short, high-affinity probes consisting of a combination of DNA and locked nucleic acid (LNA) has enabled the specific detection of microRNAs (miRNAs) by in situ hybridization (ISH). However, detection of low–copy number miRNAs is still not always possible. Here the authors show that probes consisting of 2′-O-methyl RNAs (2OMe) and LNA at every third base (2:1 ratio), under optimized hybridization conditions, excluding yeast RNA from the hybridization buffer, can provide superior performance in detection of miRNA targets in terms of sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio compared to DNA + LNA probes. Furthermore, they show that hybridizations can be performed in buffers of 4M urea instead of 50% formamide, thereby yielding an equally specific but nontoxic assay. The use of 2OMe + LNA–based probes and the optimized ISH assay enable simple and fast detection of low–copy number miRNA targets, such as miR-130a in mouse brain.

In situ investigation of M/CuO interface (M is Ti, V, Cr or Mn) by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 1530002 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Chourasia ◽  
Jacob Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Metallic Oxide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Copper

The technique of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to investigate the chemical reactivity at the metal/ CuO interfaces. Thin films of the metallic overlayer (0.5 nm, 1.0 nm and 2.0 nm thickness) were deposited on copper oxide substrates at room temperature. In situ characterization of the interfaces has been performed. The 2p core level regions of the metals have been investigated. The spectral features show considerable reactivity at the interfaces. The core level peaks of the metal are observed to be shifted to the high BE energy side with the appearance of satellites. The spectral data confirm the formation of the metallic oxide at the interface. The satellite structure in the copper region is observed to disappear and the spectral features are found to approach those of elemental copper. The room temperature deposition of the metal on copper oxide therefore results in the reduction of copper oxide to elemental copper followed by the oxidation of the metal. The interface is found to consist of a mixture of metal oxide and elemental copper. The 2.0 nm samples were annealed. These samples show the diffusion of copper oxide through the overlayer. The metal reacts with this diffusing oxide to form metallic oxide. The interface is found to consist of a mixture of unreacted metal, the metal oxide, and elemental copper. The amount of the unreacted metal varied between 0% and 40% and can be controlled by the processing conditions. The investigation shows room temperature chemical reactivity at the metal/ CuO interface and provides a new method of preparing sub-nano-oxide films.

scholarly journals Presence of Donor-Derived DNA and Cells in the Urine of Sex-Mismatched Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: Implication for the Transrenal Hypothesis

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C W Hung ◽  
Tristan K F Shing ◽  
Stephen S C Chim ◽  
Philip C Yeung ◽  
Rebecca W Y Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Plasma Dna ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Abstract Background: The term “transrenal DNA” was coined in 2000 to signify that DNA in urine may come from the passage of plasma DNA through the kidney barrier. Although DNA in the urine has the potential to provide a completely noninvasive source of nucleic acids for molecular diagnosis, its existence remains controversial. Methods: We obtained blood and urine samples from 22 hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and used fluorescence in situ hybridization, PCR for short tandem repeats, mass spectrometry, quantitative PCR, and immunofluorescence detection to study donor-derived DNA in the urine. Results: All HSCT recipients exhibited high amounts of donor-derived DNA in buffy coat and plasma samples. Male donor–derived DNA was detected in supernatants of urine samples from all 5 female sex-mismatched HSCT recipients. Surprisingly, the amount of DNA in urine supernatants was not correlated with the plasma value. Moreover, cell-free urine supernatants contained DNA fragments &gt;350 bp that were absent in plasma. Donor-derived polymorphs were detected in urine by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Coincidentally, donor-derived cytokeratin-producing epithelial cells were discovered in urine samples from 3 of 10 sex-mismatched HSCT recipients as long as 14.2 years after transplantation. Conclusions: This report is the first to demonstrate the presence of donor-derived DNA in the urine of HSCT recipients; however, we show that much of this DNA originates from donor-derived cells, rather than from the transrenal passage of cell-free plasma DNA. Our discovery of donor-derived cytokeratin-producing epithelial cells raises interesting biological and therapeutic implications, e.g., the capacity of marrow stem cells to serve as an extrarenal source for renal tubule regeneration.

scholarly journals Performance of Urinary Markers for Detection of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Is Upper Tract Urine More Accurate than Urine from the Bladder?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Bier ◽  
Jörg Hennenlotter ◽  
Michael Esser ◽  
Sarah Mohrhardt ◽  
Steffen Rausch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Nuclear Matrix Protein ◽  
Upper Tract ◽  
Lower Specificity ◽  
Recent Diagnosis ◽  
Urine Markers

Objectives. To assess the performance of urine markers determined in urine samples from the bladder compared to samples collected from the upper urinary tract (UUT) for diagnosis of UUT urothelial carcinoma (UC). Patients and Methods. The study comprised 758 urine samples either collected from the bladder (n=373) or UUT (n=385). All patients underwent urethrocystoscopy and UUT imaging or ureterorenoscopy. Cytology, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunocytology (uCyt+), and nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) were performed. Results. UUT UC was diagnosed in 59 patients (19.1%) (UUT urine) and 27 patients (7.2%) (bladder-derived urine). For UUT-derived samples, sensitivities for cytology, FISH, NMP22, and uCyt+ were 74.6, 79.0, 100.0, and 100.0, while specificities were 66.6, 50.7, 5.9, and 66.7%, respectively. In bladder-derived samples, sensitivities were 59.3, 52.9, 62.5, and 50.0% whereas specificities were 82.9, 85.0, 31.3, and 69.8%. In UUT-derived samples, concomitant bladder cancer led to increased false-positive rates of cytology and FISH. Conclusions. Urine markers determined in urine collected from the UUT exhibit better sensitivity but lower specificity compared to markers determined in bladder-derived urine. Concomitant or recent diagnosis of UC of the bladder can further influence markers determined in UUT urine.

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