Improved cell infiltration and vascularization of three-dimensional bacterial cellulose nanofibrous scaffolds by template biosynthesis

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (48) ◽  
pp. 42229-42239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Li ◽  
Xiangguo Lv ◽  
Shiyan Chen ◽  
Baoxiu Wang ◽  
Chao Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Nanofibrous Scaffolds

A significant problem limiting the application of bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue regeneration is the nanoscale pores that inhibit cell infiltration and vascularization in their three-dimensional (3D) structure.

scholarly journals A narrative overview of utilizing biomaterials to recapitulate the salient regenerative features of dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevda Pouraghaei Sevari ◽  
Sahar Ansari ◽  
Alireza Moshaverinia
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Local Recruitment

AbstractTissue engineering approaches have emerged recently to circumvent many limitations associated with current clinical practices. This elegant approach utilizes a natural/synthetic biomaterial with optimized physiomechanical properties to serve as a vehicle for delivery of exogenous stem cells and bioactive factors or induce local recruitment of endogenous cells for in situ tissue regeneration. Inspired by the natural microenvironment, biomaterials could act as a biomimetic three-dimensional (3D) structure to help the cells establish their natural interactions. Such a strategy should not only employ a biocompatible biomaterial to induce new tissue formation but also benefit from an easily accessible and abundant source of stem cells with potent tissue regenerative potential. The human teeth and oral cavity harbor various populations of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with self-renewing and multilineage differentiation capabilities. In the current review article, we seek to highlight recent progress and future opportunities in dental MSC-mediated therapeutic strategies for tissue regeneration using two possible approaches, cell transplantation and cell homing. Altogether, this paper develops a general picture of current innovative strategies to employ dental-derived MSCs combined with biomaterials and bioactive factors for regenerating the lost or defective tissues and offers information regarding the available scientific data and possible applications.

Three-dimensional rope-like and cloud-like nanofibrous scaffolds facilitating in-depth cell infiltration developed using a highly conductive electrospinning system

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (32) ◽  
pp. 16690-16696
Author(s):  
Ran Li ◽  
Xiong Deng ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
Yuan Yang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Nanofibrous Scaffolds ◽  
System P

A highly conductive 3D electrospinning technique capable of constructing rope-like or cloud-like nanofibrous scaffolds is established for in-depth cell infiltration and the mechanism is revealed.

Potential Applications of Bacterial Cellulose in Environmental and Pharmaceutical Sectors

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (45) ◽  
pp. 5793-5806
Author(s):  
Mazhar Ul-Islam ◽  
Salman Ul-Islam ◽  
Sumayia Yasir ◽  
Atiya Fatima ◽  
Md. Wasi Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Wide Readership ◽  
Water Filters

Biopolymers and their composites have been extensively investigated in recent years for multiple applications, especially in environmental, medical, and pharmaceutical fields. Bacterial cellulose (BC) has emerged as a novel biomaterial owing to its nontoxic, high-liquid absorbing and holding capacity, drug-carrying ability, and pollutant absorbing features. Additionally, its web-shaped three-dimensional (3D) structure and hydrogen bonding sites have incited a combination of various nanoparticles, polymers, and other materials with BC in the form of composites. Such BC-based composites have been developed through in-situ, ex-situ, and solution casting methods for targeted applications, such as air and water filters, controlled drug delivery systems, wound dressing materials, and tissue regeneration. This review details the production and development of BCbased composites with different materials and by various methods. It further describes various applications of BC-based composites in the environmental and pharmaceutical sectors, with specific examples from the recent literature. This review could potentially appeal a wide readership in these two emerging fields, where novel and advanced materials for different applications have been developed on a regular basis using BC as the base material.

Methods for three-dimensional reconstruction of cellular components within a thick section

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
J. Frank ◽  
B. F. McEwen ◽  
M. Radermacher ◽  
C. L. Rieder
Keyword(s):  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thick Section ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Axis Ratio ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Cellular Components

The tomographic reconstruction from multiple projections of cellular components, within a thick section, offers a way of visualizing and quantifying their three-dimensional (3D) structure. However, asymmetric objects require as many views from the widest tilt range as possible; otherwise the reconstruction may be uninterpretable. Even if not for geometric obstructions, the increasing pathway of electrons, as the tilt angle is increased, poses the ultimate upper limitation to the projection range. With the maximum tilt angle being fixed, the only way to improve the faithfulness of the reconstruction is by changing the mode of the tilting from single-axis to conical; a point within the object projected with a tilt angle of 60° and a full 360° azimuthal range is then reconstructed as a slightly elliptic (axis ratio 1.2 : 1) sphere.

Cryomicroscopy of crotoxin complex crystals at 400 KV

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 826-827
Author(s):  
Jaap Brink ◽  
Wah Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Basic Subunit ◽  
Ewald Sphere ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Complex Crystals ◽  
Acidic Subunit

The crotoxin complex is a potent neurotoxin composed of a basic subunit (Mr = 12,000) and an acidic subunit (M = 10,000). The basic subunit possesses phospholipase activity whereas the acidic subunit shows no enzymatic activity at all. The complex's toxocity is expressed both pre- and post-synaptically. The crotoxin complex forms thin crystals suitable for electron crystallography. The crystals diffract up to 0.16 nm in the microscope, whereas images show reflections out to 0.39 nm2. Ultimate goal in this study is to obtain a three-dimensional (3D-) structure map of the protein around 0.3 nm resolution. Use of 100 keV electrons in this is limited; the unit cell's height c of 25.6 nm causes problems associated with multiple scattering, radiation damage, limited depth of field and a more pronounced Ewald sphere curvature. In general, they lead to projections of the unit cell, which at the desired resolution, cannot be interpreted following the weak-phase approximation. Circumventing this problem is possible through the use of 400 keV electrons. Although the overall contrast is lowered due to a smaller scattering cross-section, the signal-to-noise ratio of especially higher order reflections will improve due to a smaller contribution of inelastic scattering. We report here our preliminary results demonstrating the feasability of the data collection procedure at 400 kV.Crystals of crotoxin complex were prepared on carbon-covered holey-carbon films, quench frozen in liquid ethane, inserted into a Gatan 626 holder, transferred into a JEOL 4000EX electron microscope equipped with a pair of anticontaminators operating at −184°C and examined under low-dose conditions. Selected area electron diffraction patterns (EDP's) and images of the crystals were recorded at 400 kV and −167°C with dose levels of 5 and 9.5 electrons/Å, respectively.

Detection, Averaging, and 3D Reconstruction of Biological Specimens on Hypercubes (Transputer-based) Computers

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Jose-Maria Carazo ◽  
I. Benavides ◽  
S. Marco ◽  
J.L. Carrascosa ◽  
E.L. Zapata
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Software Tools ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Computer Architectures ◽  
Parallel Computer ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Obtaining the three-dimensional (3D) structure of negatively stained biological specimens at a resolution of, typically, 2 - 4 nm is becoming a relatively common practice in an increasing number of laboratories. A combination of new conceptual approaches, new software tools, and faster computers have made this situation possible. However, all these 3D reconstruction processes are quite computer intensive, and the middle term future is full of suggestions entailing an even greater need of computing power. Up to now all published 3D reconstructions in this field have been performed on conventional (sequential) computers, but it is a fact that new parallel computer architectures represent the potential of order-of-magnitude increases in computing power and should, therefore, be considered for their possible application in the most computing intensive tasks.We have studied both shared-memory-based computer architectures, like the BBN Butterfly, and local-memory-based architectures, mainly hypercubes implemented on transputers, where we have used the algorithmic mapping method proposed by Zapata el at. In this work we have developed the basic software tools needed to obtain a 3D reconstruction from non-crystalline specimens (“single particles”) using the so-called Random Conical Tilt Series Method. We start from a pair of images presenting the same field, first tilted (by ≃55°) and then untilted. It is then assumed that we can supply the system with the image of the particle we are looking for (ideally, a 2D average from a previous study) and with a matrix describing the geometrical relationships between the tilted and untilted fields (this step is now accomplished by interactively marking a few pairs of corresponding features in the two fields). From here on the 3D reconstruction process may be run automatically.

scholarly journals A Novel Pseudomonas geniculata AGE Family Epimerase/Isomerase and Its Application in d-Mannose Synthesis

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1809
Author(s):  
Zhanzhi Liu ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Sheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Optimal Reaction ◽  
Gene Age

d-mannose has exhibited excellent physiological properties in the food, pharmaceutical, and feed industries. Therefore, emerging attention has been applied to enzymatic production of d-mannose due to its advantage over chemical synthesis. The gene age of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine 2-epimerase family epimerase/isomerase (AGEase) derived from Pseudomonas geniculata was amplified, and the recombinant P. geniculata AGEase was characterized. The optimal temperature and pH of P. geniculata AGEase were 60 °C and 7.5, respectively. The Km, kcat, and kcat/Km of P. geniculata AGEase for d-mannose were 49.2 ± 8.5 mM, 476.3 ± 4.0 s−1, and 9.7 ± 0.5 s−1·mM−1, respectively. The recombinant P. geniculata AGEase was classified into the YihS enzyme subfamily in the AGE enzyme family by analyzing its substrate specificity and active center of the three-dimensional (3D) structure. Further studies on the kinetics of different substrates showed that the P. geniculata AGEase belongs to the d-mannose isomerase of the YihS enzyme. The P. geniculata AGEase catalyzed the synthesis of d-mannose with d-fructose as a substrate, and the conversion rate was as high as 39.3% with the d-mannose yield of 78.6 g·L−1 under optimal reaction conditions of 200 g·L−1d-fructose and 2.5 U·mL−1P. geniculata AGEase. This novel P. geniculata AGEase has potential applications in the industrial production of d-mannose.

scholarly journals The Symmetric 3D Organization of Connective Tissue around Implant Abutment: A Key-Issue to Prevent Bone Resorption

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1126
Author(s):  
Giovanna Iezzi ◽  
Francesca Di Lillo ◽  
Michele Furlani ◽  
Marco Degidi ◽  
Adriano Piattelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltration ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Oral Epithelium ◽  
Implant Abutment

Symmetric and well-organized connective tissues around the longitudinal implant axis were hypothesized to decrease early bone resorption by reducing inflammatory cell infiltration. Previous studies that referred to the connective tissue around implant and abutments were based on two-dimensional investigations; however, only advanced three-dimensional characterizations could evidence the organization of connective tissue microarchitecture in the attempt of finding new strategies to reduce inflammatory cell infiltration. We retrieved three implants with a cone morse implant–abutment connection from patients; they were investigated by high-resolution X-ray phase-contrast microtomography, cross-linking the obtained information with histologic results. We observed transverse and longitudinal orientated collagen bundles intertwining with each other. In the longitudinal planes, it was observed that the closer the fiber bundles were to the implant, the more symmetric and regular their course was. The transverse bundles of collagen fibers were observed as semicircular, intersecting in the lamina propria of the mucosa and ending in the oral epithelium. No collagen fibers were found radial to the implant surface. This intertwining three-dimensional pattern seems to favor the stabilization of the soft tissues around the implants, preventing inflammatory cell apical migration and, consequently, preventing bone resorption and implant failure. This fact, according to the authors’ best knowledge, has never been reported in the literature and might be due to the physical forces acting on fibroblasts and on the collagen produced by the fibroblasts themselves, in areas close to the implant and to the symmetric geometry of the implant itself.

scholarly journals Midface Reconstruction: Planning and Outcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (03) ◽  
pp. 324-334
Author(s):  
Gautam Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Complex Anatomy ◽  
Osseointegrated Implants ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Midface Reconstruction ◽  
Reconstruction Planning

Abstract Reconstruction of the complex anatomy and aesthetics of the midface is often a challenge. A careful understanding of this three-dimensional (3D) structure is necessary. Anticipating the extent of excision and its planning following oncological resections is critical.In the past over two decades, with the advances in microsurgical procedures, contributions toward the reconstruction of this area have generated interest. Planning using digital imaging, 3D printed models, osseointegrated implants, and low-profile plates, has favorably impacted the outcome. However, there are still controversies in the management: to use single composite tissues versus multiple tissues; implants versus autografts; vascularized versus nonvascularized bone; prosthesis versus reconstruction.This article explores the present available options in maxillary reconstruction and outlines the approach in the management garnered from past publications and experiences.

scholarly journals Biofabrication of Cell-Laden Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogels with Incorporation of Silanized Hydroxyapatite by Visible Light Projection

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2354
Author(s):  
Jimmy Jiun-Ming Su ◽  
Chih-Hsin Lin ◽  
Hsuan Chen ◽  
Shyh-Yuan Lee ◽  
Yuan-Min Lin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Composite Hydrogel ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Mg63 Cells ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel is a photopolymerizable biomaterial widely used for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture due to its high biocompatibility. However, the drawback of GelMA hydrogel is its poor mechanical properties, which may compromise the feasibility of biofabrication techniques. In this study, a cell-laden GelMA composite hydrogel with a combination incorporating silanized hydroxyapatite (Si-HAp) and a simple and harmless visible light crosslinking system for this hydrogel were developed. The incorporation of Si-HAp into the GelMA hydrogel enhanced the mechanical properties of the composite hydrogel. Moreover, the composite hydrogel exhibited low cytotoxicity and promoted the osteogenic gene expression of embedded MG63 cells and Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). We also established a maskless lithographic method to fabricate a defined 3D structure under visible light by using a digital light processing projector, and the incorporation of Si-HAp increased the resolution of photolithographic hydrogels. The GelMA-Si-HAp composite hydrogel system can serve as an effective biomaterial in bone regeneration.

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