Novel mononuclear ruthenium(ii) complexes as potent and low-toxicity antitumour agents: synthesis, characterization, biological evaluation and mechanism of action

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (36) ◽  
pp. 29963-29976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengchao Hu ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Hui Song ◽  
Fangfang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Antitumour Agents ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Antitumour Agent ◽  
Low Toxicity

The ruthenium(ii) complex, [Ru(dmb)2(salH)]PF6(Ru-2), is considered a potential antitumour agent that could avoid the side-effects of platinum-based anti-cancer drugs, such as cisplatin, carboplatin or oxaliplatin.

Nitrogen Mustards as Alkylating Agents: A Review on Chemistry, Mechanism of Action and Current USFDA Status of Drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1080-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghansham S. More ◽  
Asha B. Thomas ◽  
Sohan S. Chitlange ◽  
Rabindra K. Nanda ◽  
Rahul L. Gajbhiye
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Nitrogen Mustard ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Nitrogen Mustards ◽  
Information Leaflets ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Approved Drugs

Background & Objective: :Nitrogen mustard derivatives form one of the major classes of anti-cancer agents in USFDA approved drugs list. These are polyfunctional alkylating agents which are distinguished by a unique mechanism of adduct formation with DNA involving cross-linking between guanine N-7 of one strand of DNA with the other. The generated cross-linking is irreversible and leads to cell apoptosis. Hence it is of great interest to explore this class of anticancer alkylating agents.Methods::An exhaustive list of reviews, research articles, patents, books, patient information leaflets, and orange book is presented and the contents related to nitrogen mustard anti-cancer agents have been reviewed. Attempts are made to present synthesis schemes in a simplified manner. The mechanism of action of the drugs and their side effects are also systematically elaborated.Results::This review provides a platform for understanding all aspects of such drugs right from synthesis to their mechanism of action and side effects, and lists USFDA approved ANDA players among alkylating anticancer agents in the current market.Conclusion: :Perusing this article, generic scientists will be able to access literature information in this domain easily to gain insight into the nitrogen mustard alkylating agents for further ANDA development. It will help the scientific and research community to continue their pursuit for the design of newer and novel heterocyclic alkylating agents of this class in the coming future.

Stereoselective PT complexes as probes of the mechanism of action of Pt anti-cancer drugs

1995 ◽  
Vol 59 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
T.W. Hambley ◽  
G.W. Allen ◽  
R.R. Fenton ◽  
E.C.H. Ling ◽  
H.M. Er ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Anti Cancer

scholarly journals Review on Pharmacology of Cisplatin: Clinical Use, Toxicity and Mechanism of Resistance of Cisplatin

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 07-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara A. Aldossary
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Dna Adducts ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Treatment ◽  
Dna Reduction

Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug that has been used in the treatment of various types of human cancers such as ovarian, lung, head and neck, testicular and bladder. Cisplatin has demonstrated efficacy against various types of cancers such as germ cell tumors, sarcomas, carcinomas as well as lymphomas. The current study presents a pharmacological review on the drug including its mechanism of action, resistance mechanism, and toxicity as well as its clinical applications. The mechanism of action of cisplatin has been associated with ability to crosslink with the urine bases on the DNA to form DNA adducts, preventing repair of the DNA leading to DNA damage and subsequently induces apoptosis within cancer cells. However, the drug exhibits certain level of resistance including increased repair of the damaged DNA, reduction in the accumulation of the drug intracellular and cytosolic inactivation of cisplatin. The drug is also characterized by various toxic side effects including nausea, nephrotoxicity, Cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Due various side effects as well as drug resistance, other anti-cancer drugs that contain platinum such as carboplatin and oxaliplatin among others have been used in combination with cisplatin in chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. Strong evidence from research has demonstrated higher efficacy of combination of chemotherapies of cisplatin together with other drugs in overcoming drug resistance and in reducing toxic effects as well. Future studies that explore combinational techniques that target various mechanisms such as reduction in the uptake of cisplatin as well as inflammation could enhance efficacy of cisplatin.

Mapping Binding Sites of Potential Anti-Cancer Drugs on Tubulin

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
Huilin Li ◽  
Eva Nogales ◽  
Kenneth H. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Microtubule Dynamics ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Substantial Fraction ◽  
Dynamic Activity ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Main Protein ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis

Microtubules are involved in many activities within the cell that require highly dynamic activity. For examples, microtubules can grow and shrink as they explore the cell, and the entire microtubule cytoskeleton is restructured as cells prepare for division. Interfering with microtubule dynamics can have serious consequences for the health of the cell, especially in cells that are rapidly dividing. The result of disrupting the normal dynamics is generally an interruption of the cell cycle and consequent induction of apoptosis. This behavior has been exploited with a number of anti-cancer drugs that target tubulin, the main protein in microtubules. Drugs are currently in use that either stabilize or destabilize microtubules. Among the most widely used is Taxol, one of the microtubule stabilizing drugs. Because Taxol produces a range of serious side effects and a substantial fraction of patients treated with Taxol eventually develop resistance to the drug, there is an active search for other drugs that might be more selective and less prone to resistance.

Ultrasound-Based Drug Delivery System

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Wei Ren ◽  
Shi-Hao Xu ◽  
Li-Ping Sun ◽  
Kun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery ◽  
Anti Cancer

: Cancer still represents a leading threat to human health worldwide. The effective usage of anti-cancer drugs can reduce patients’ clinical symptoms and extend the life span. Current anti-cancer strategies include chemotherapy, traditional Chinese medicine, biopharmaceuticals, and the latest targeted therapy. However, due to the complexity and heterogeneity of tumors, serious side effects may result from the direct use of anti-cancer drugs. Besides, the current therapeutic strategies failed to effectively alleviate metastasized tumors. Recently, an ultrasound-mediated nano-drug delivery system has become an increasingly important treatment strategy. Due to its ability to enhance efficacy and reduce toxic side effects, it has become a research hotspot in the field of biomedicine. In this review, we introduced the latest research progress of the ultrasound-responsive nano-drug delivery systems and the possible mechanisms of ultrasound acting on the carrier to change the structure or conformation as well as to realize the controlled release. In addition, the progress in ultrasound responsive nano-drug delivery systems will also be briefly summarized.

Thymoquinone, an Active Compound of Nigella sativa: Role in Prevention and Treatment of Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1028-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh A. Almatroodi ◽  
Ahmad Almatroudi ◽  
Mohammed A. Alsahli ◽  
Amjad A. Khan ◽  
Arshad H. Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways

Background: Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide and the current mode of cancer treatment causes side effects on normal cells and are still the key challenges in its’ treatment. However, natural products or active compounds of medicinal plants have shown to be safe, affordable, and effective in diseases cure. Methods: In this context, scientific studies evidence the health-promoting effects of natural products, which work through its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activity. Thymoquinone (TM), a predominant active compound of Nigella sativa, has confirmed anti-neoplastic activity through its ability to regulate various genetic pathways. In addition, thymoquinone has established anti-cancerous effects through killing of various cancerous cells,and inhibiting the initiation, migration, invasion, and progression of the cancer. The anti-cancer effects of TM are chiefly mediated via regulating various cell signaling pathways such as VEGF, bcl2/bax ratio, p53, NF-kB, and oncogenes. Results: The anti-cancer drugs have limitations in efficacy and also causes adverse side effects on normal cells. The combination of anti-cancer drugs and thymoquinone improves the efficacy of drugs which is evident by decrease resistance to drugs and regulation of various cell signaling pathways. Moreover, combination of anti-cancer drugs as well as thymoquinone shows synergistic effect on killing of cancer cells and cells viability. Thus, TM, in combination with anti-cancer drugs, can be a good strategy in the management of various types of cancer. Conclusion: In this review article, we deliver an outline of thymoquinone role in cancer inhibition and prevention of cancer-based on in vivo and in vitro studies. Further studies on thymoquinone based on clinical trials are highly required to explore the benefits of thymoquinone in cancer management.

Mechanism of Action of Anti-Cancer Drugs

1980 ◽  
pp. 49-78
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Calman ◽  
John F. Smyth ◽  
Martin H. N. Tattersall
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Anti Cancer

scholarly journals Using Immunocytochemistry and Fluorescence Microscopy Imaging to Explore the Mechanism of Action of Anti-Cancer Drugs on the Cell Cycle

CourseSource ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison R. D'Costa ◽  
David W. Barnes ◽  
Alessandra Barrera ◽  
Jennifer Hurst-Kennedy ◽  
Latanya Hammonds-Odie
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Anti Cancer

scholarly journals Integrated heart/cancer on a chip to reproduce the side effects of anti-cancer drugs in vitro

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (58) ◽  
pp. 36777-36786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-ichiro Kamei ◽  
Yoshiki Kato ◽  
Yoshikazu Hirai ◽  
Shinji Ito ◽  
Junko Satoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Microfluidic Platform ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Different Cell Types

Integrated Heart/Cancer on a Chip (iHCC) is a promising microfluidic platform that allows the culture of different cell types separately and application of closed-medium circulation to reproduce the side effects of doxorubicin on heart in vitro.

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