scholarly journals Design of a confined environment using protein cages and crystals for the development of biohybrid materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (39) ◽  
pp. 6496-6512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Abe ◽  
Basudev Maity ◽  
Takafumi Ueno
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Protein Crystals ◽  
Feature Article ◽  
Protein Cages ◽  
Confined Environment

This feature article reviews the recent development of protein cages and in vivo and in vitro engineering of protein crystals with functional properties.

Sectioned rubisco crystals in TEM

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 664-665
Author(s):  
Gunnel Karlsson ◽  
Jan-Olov Bovin ◽  
Michael Bosma
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Protein Crystals ◽  
Unit Cell Parameters ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon

RuBisCO (D-ribulose-l,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) is the most aboundant enzyme in the plant cell and it catalyses the key carboxylation reaction of photosynthetic carbon fixation, but also the competing oxygenase reaction of photorespiation. In vitro crystallized RuBisCO has been studied earlier but this investigation concerns in vivo existance of RuBisCO crystals in anthers and leaves ofsugarbeets. For the identification of in vivo protein crystals it is important to be able to determinethe unit cell of cytochemically identified crystals in the same image. In order to obtain the best combination of optimal contrast and resolution we have studied different staining and electron accelerating voltages. It is known that embedding and sectioning can cause deformation and obscure the unit cell parameters.

Programmable in vitro Co-Encapsidation of Guest Proteins Inside Protein Nanocages

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor H. Dashti ◽  
Rufika S. Abidin ◽  
Frank Sainsbury
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Cell Engineering ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Protein Cages

Bioinspired self-sorting and self-assembling systems using engineered versions of natural protein cages have been developed for biocatalysis and therapeutic delivery. The packaging and intracellular delivery of guest proteins is of particular interest for both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> cell engineering. However, there is a lack of platforms in bionanotechnology that combine programmable guest protein encapsidation with efficient intracellular uptake. We report a minimal peptide anchor for <i>in vivo</i> self-sorting of cargo-linked capsomeres of the Murine polyomavirus (MPyV) major coat protein that enables controlled encapsidation of guest proteins by <i>in vitro</i> self-assembly. Using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) we demonstrate the flexibility in this system to support co-encapsidation of multiple proteins. Complementing these ensemble measurements with single particle analysis by super-resolution microscopy shows that the stochastic nature of co-encapsidation is an overriding principle. This has implications for the design and deployment of both native and engineered self-sorting encapsulation systems and for the assembly of infectious virions. Taking advantage of the encoded affinity for sialic acids ubiquitously displayed on the surface of mammalian cells, we demonstrate the ability of self-assembled MPyV virus-like particles to mediate efficient delivery of guest proteins to the cytosol of primary human cells. This platform for programmable co-encapsidation and efficient cytosolic delivery of complementary biomolecules therefore has enormous potential in cell engineering.

scholarly journals A Mini Review on Antidiabetic Properties of Fermented Foods

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagavathi Sivamaruthi ◽  
Periyanaina Kesika ◽  
Mani Prasanth ◽  
Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
The Government

In general, fermented foods (FFs) are considered as functional foods. Since the awareness about the health benefits of FFs has increased, the consumption of FF also improved significantly in recent decades. Diabetes is one of the leading threats of the health span of an individual. The present manuscript details the general methods of the production of FFs, and the results of various studies (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies) on the antidiabetic properties of FFs. The fermentation method and the active microbes involved in the process play a crucial role in the functional properties of FFs. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have been reported on the health-promoting properties of FFs, such as anti-inflammation, anticancer, antioxidant properties, improved cognitive function and gastrointestinal health, and the reduced presence of metabolic disorders. The studies on the functional properties of FFs by randomized controlled clinical trials using human volunteers are very limited for several reasons, including ethical reasons, safety concerns, approval from the government, etc. Several scientific teams are working on the development of complementary and alternative medicines to improve the treatment strategies for hyperglycemia.

Organic selenium derived from chelation of soybean peptide-selenium and its functional properties in vitro and in vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 4761-4770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianwen Ye ◽  
Xiaoping Wu ◽  
Xinyuan Zhang ◽  
Shaoyun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Soybean Protein Isolate ◽  
Organic Selenium

The preparation and characterization of a soybean protein isolate peptide-Se chelate with remarkably antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals In Vivo Effects of Flt3/Flk2 Ligand on Mobilization of Hematopoietic Progenitors in Primates and Potent Synergistic Enhancement With Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 620-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thalia Papayannopoulou ◽  
Betty Nakamoto ◽  
Robert G. Andrews ◽  
Stewart D. Lyman ◽  
Minako Y. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Mast Cell Activation ◽  
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Synergistic Enhancement ◽  
Stimulating Factor

The Flt3 receptor is expressed in primitive hematopoietic cells and its ligand exerts proliferative effects on these cells in vitro in synergy with other cytokines. To expand on the functional properties of Flt3 ligand (FL) in vivo we treated nonhuman primates with FL and tested its ability to mobilize stem/progenitor cells when given alone or in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF ) treatment. FL alone (200 μg/kg/day) mobilizes progenitors with slow kinetics and with a peak effect at the end of 2 weeks of treatment. The spectrum of mobilized progenitors includes myeloid, lymphoid, megakaryocytic, and osteoclastogenic but a low proportion of burst-forming unit (BFU)e. Bone marrow (BM) studies before and during the treatment suggested that proliferative effects in BM may have preceded effects on peripheral blood mobilization. To assess the synergy of FL with G-CSF in mobilization of progenitors we used two schemes: one in which G-CSF was used for the last 5 days of a 12-day treatment with FL; the other in which both cytokines were given concurrently for 5 days only (FL, 200 μg/kg; G-CSF, 100 μg/kg). Both schemes yielded much higher progenitor mobilization levels (peak levels of colony-forming cells [CFSs] 41,000 to 95,000/mL blood) than observed with either FL (CFC 4,600 to 7,300/mL) or G-CSF (8,405 ± 3,024/mL) used alone at the same doses. Furthermore, there was a progressive and significant expansion of progenitors in vitro during 2 weeks in suspension cultures of mononuclear cells or of CD34+ cells only in the animal with the combined treatment. Likewise, substantial mobilization of osteoclastogenic progenitors was documented only with the combined treatment. Given the functional properties of FL, its synergistic mobilization with G-CSF, and its anticipated good tolerance (because of the absence of an effect on mast cell activation), a clinical use is projected for this cytokine in peripheral blood transplantation settings, as well as in experiments with ex vivo gene transfer.

Epithelial-fibroblastic organization in cultures grown from human embryonic kidney: its significance for morphogenesis in vivo

1979 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
J.B. Bard
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Human Embryonic Kidney ◽  
Tissue Differences ◽  
Cultured Epithelia ◽  
Fibroblastic Cells ◽  
Different Tissues

The morphological behaviour of explants of human embryonic kidney has been studied in order to investigate the rules governing interactions between epithelial and fibroblastic cells from the same tissue. When the fragments are cultured, epithelia migrate out first and are followed, a few days later, by cables which grow out from the fragments and which are composed of multilayered fibroblasts. These cables extend through the epithelia to reach the substratum, to which they adhere. The epithelia maintain an upper surface free of spread fibroblasts and are unable to multilayer, although occasional rounded-up cells adhere to this surface. Fibroblasts, however, not only multilayer in the cables but can act as a substratum for epithelial cells which migrate on the cable surface. Fibroblasts and epithelia from kidney thus follow the same behavioural rules that govern the interactions between kidney epithelia and fibroblasts from different tissues. The suggestion that these rules derive from tissue differences and that cells from the same tissue are more tolerant of one another is not borne out. These observations and those reported by others are interpreted in terms of the functional properties of the cells in vivo. It is further pointed out that only those epithelia that maintain a free surface in vivo would be expected to show this property in vitro. Finally, the implications of cells with essentially the same properties generating more than one structure are considered.

scholarly journals Identification of New Rat Bone Marrow-Derived Population of Very Small Stem Cell with Oct-4A and Nanog Expression by Flow Cytometric Platforms

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Labedz-Maslowska ◽  
Elzbieta Kamycka ◽  
Sylwia Bobis-Wozowicz ◽  
Zbigniew Madeja ◽  
Ewa K. Zuba-Surma
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Rat Bone

Very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) represent a unique rare population of adult stem cells (SCs) sharing several structural, genetic, biochemical, and functional properties with embryonic SCs and have been identified in several adult murine and human tissues. However, rat bone marrow- (BM-) derived SCs closely resembling murine or human VSELs have not been described. Thus, we employed multi-instrumental flow cytometric approach including classical and imaging cytometry and we established that newly identified population of nonhematopoietic cells expressing CD106 (VCAM-I) antigen contains SCs with very small size, expressing markers of pluripotency (Oct-4A and Nanog) on both mRNA and protein levels that indicate VSEL population. Based on our experience in both murine and human VSEL isolation procedures by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), we also optimized sorting protocol for separation of CD45−/Lin−/CD106+rat BM-derived VSELs from wild type and eGFP-expressing rats, which are often used as donor animals for cell transplantations in regenerative studiesin vivo. Thus, this is a first study identifying multiantigenic phenotype and providing sorting protocols for isolation VSELs from rat BM tissue for further examining of their functional propertiesin vitroas well as regenerative capacity in distinctin vivorat models of tissue injury.

Capsulated cells of Aeromonas salmonicida grown in vitro have different functional properties than capsulated cells grown in vivo

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 941-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael A. Garduño ◽  
William W. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Serum Resistance ◽  
Rich Medium ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
In Vivo Growth ◽  
Capsular Material

When grown in vivo in the peritoneal cavity of rainbow trout, Aeromonas salmonicida produces a clearly defined capsule with virulence-related functions. Aeromonas salmonicida grown in vitro in a glucose-rich medium (GRM) has also been reported to produce capsular material. Because in vitro mimicry of in vivo induced traits is highly desirable in vaccine design, the extent to which growth in GRM mimicked in vivo growth was examined. Antibodies specific to in vivo grown cells partially labeled the surface of GRM-grown cells, as well as two distinct proteins (81 700 and 41 000 Mr) in immunoblots of mutants with S-layer or lipopolysaccharide defects. GRM-grown strains showed an increased sensitivity to trout serum in contradistinction to the complete serum resistance of in vivo grown cells; as well, GRM-grown cells were more adherent to trout macrophages. Thus in spite of possessing some surface antigens normally expressed in vivo, cells grown on solid GRM did not possess all functional properties of in vivo grown cells.Key words: Aeromonas salmonicida, bacterial capsules, mimicry of in vivo conditions, furunculosis vaccines.

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