scholarly journals A ditopic calix[4]pyrrole amide derivative: highlighting the importance of fundamental studies and the use of NaPh4B as additive in the design and applications of mercury(ii) ion selective electrodes

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (24) ◽  
pp. 13016-13030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela F. Danil de Namor ◽  
Abdelaziz El Gamouz ◽  
Salman Alharthi ◽  
Nawal Al Hakawati ◽  
John R. Varcoe
Keyword(s):  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Amide Derivative ◽  
Sodium Tetraphenylboron

A ditopic calix[4]pyrrole amide based ion selective electrode and its applications are first reported. Sodium tetraphenylboron currently used as additive in Hg ISE is by itself a sensor for mercury(ii).

Ion-Selective Electrodes Sensitive to Organic Ions. I. The Saccharin Electrode

1974 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1205-1208
Author(s):  
Norio Hazemoto ◽  
Naoki Kamo ◽  
Yonosuke Kobatake
Keyword(s):  
Ion Association ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Organic Ions ◽  
Sodium Cyclamate

Abstract An ion-selective electrode responsive to saccharin was made by dissolving an ion association which exists between iron(II)-bathophenanthroline chelate and saccharin in nitrobenzene. The electrode developed was capable of measuring saccharin ion concentration in the presence of other sweetening substances, e.g., saccharose, glucose, sodium cyclamate, and sorbitol, over the concentration range of 10-1 to 10-5M.

Evaluation of an Automated Selective-Ion Electrolyte Analyzer for Measuring Na+, K+, and Cl- in Serum

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1217-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack A Lustgarten ◽  
Robert E Wenk ◽  
Charles Byrd ◽  
Barbara Hall
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Comparison Methods ◽  
Flame Emission ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation

Abstract An automated analyzer, in which ion-selective electrodes are used to measure sodium, potassium, and chloride in serum, was assessed in a clinical setting. Day-to-day precision, evaluated by replicate analysis of serum pools, yielded the following coefficients of variation for sodium, potassium, and chloride, respectively: 0.99%, 1.39%, and 0.67%. Values for chloride in both commercial control sera and aqueous standards were linearly related to concentration over a range of at least 10-220 mmol/liter; however, results with the potassium and sodium electrodes showed slight curvilinearity over the range 0-24 and 10-220 mmol/liter, respectively. Mean recoveries for sodium, potassium, and chloride for concentrations covering the clinically important ranges were 98.3-102.3%, 95.9-100.0%, and 97.8-102.0%. The only important differences between experimental and comparison methods in sera were falsely high values obtained with the ion-selective electrode for K+ (caused by supranormal ammonia concentrations) and for Cl- (caused by administered bromide). Mean sodium and chloride values obtained with the electrode did not differ significantly from values obtained by flame-emission photometry or coulometry for duplicate patients’ specimens, but potassium values did differ slightly (P = .05).

scholarly journals Characterization and Applications of Silver Sulphide Based Membrane Electrodes

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Rajbhandari ◽  
AP Yadav ◽  
K Manandhar ◽  
RR Pradhananga
Keyword(s):  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Silver Halide ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Membrane Electrodes ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Sulphide Ions ◽  
Silver Sulphide

The polycrystalline materials obtained by co-precipitation of silver sulphide and appropriate silver halide are used to prepare silver sulphide based membrane electrodes selective to the silver, chloride, bromide, iodide, and sulphide ions. The powder materials are characterized by x-ray diffraction, SEM equipped with EDAX. These membrane electrodes are found to give Nernstian response with the appropriate ions in the concentration range from 1x10-1 to 1x10-5 M. The performance of these home made electrodes is at par with the commercial electrodes. The electrodes have been successfully used for the quantitative determination of chloride, bromide iodide, silver, and sulphide ions and also for the determination of thiamine in pharmaceutical preparations. For developing countries like Nepal, who can not afford to procure high cost commercial ion selective electrodes, these home made ion selective electrodes are especially appealing since the electrode can be fabricated with ease in low cost and the electrode is well behaved and sufficiently accurate for the analysis with ion selective electrodes. Key words: Ion selective electrode; Home made ion selective electrode; Silver sulphide; Thiamine; Vitamin B1. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v7i7.3818 Scientific World Vol.7(7) 2009 pp.19-23  

Fabrication and Applications of Silver Sulphide Based Ion Sensors

2010 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Raja Ram Pradhananga ◽  
A. Nyachhyon ◽  
A.P. Yadav ◽  
Lok Kumar Shrestha ◽  
S. Tandukar
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Ion Sensors ◽  
Silver Sulphide

An electrochemical sensor based on the silver sulphide precipitate was fabricated in the laboratory and characterized by x-ray diffraction, SEM equipped with EDAX, and electrochemical techniques. Ion selective electrode (ISE) was found to be sensitive enough to sense the sulphide ion concentration from 10-1 to 10-5 M in alkaline medium. The change in electrode potential per decade change in sulphide ion concentration was found to be 31.5 mV at laboratory temperature indicating adherence of the ion selective electrode to Nernst’s equation. The sensor have been successfully used for the quantitative determination of thiamine in pharmaceutical preparations, hydrogen sulphide in cigarette smoke and determination of solubility products of sparingly soluble silver salts. A trace amount of hydrogen sulphide, a toxic gas, is present in the cigarette smoke. The quantitative estimation of hydrogen sulphide in cigarette smoke is a challenging task to analytical chemist. Hydrogen sulphide in cigarette smoke had been determined by absorbing the cigarette smoke in 0.1 M sodium hydroxide and the resulting solution was analyzed using silver sulphide based ion sensor by standard addition technique using modified Gran plot. The average amounts of hydrogen sulphide produced by a stick of cigarette in 8 different brands of Nepalese cigarette ware found to range from 0.0332 mg to 0.0766 mg. The sensitivity and reliability of these home made ion sensors were excellent and in par with commercial electrodes. For developing countries like Nepal, who can not afford to procure high cost commercial ion selective electrodes, these home made ion sensors are especially appealing since the sensor can be fabricated with ease from the materials that are readily available in the chemistry laboratory and the sensor is quite sensitive and gives reproducible results which are sufficiently accurate for the analysis with ion selective electrodes.

Sodium ion binding in human serum.

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
T R Kissel ◽  
J R Sandifer ◽  
N Zumbulyadis
Keyword(s):  
Standard Addition ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Ion Binding ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Sodium Binding

Abstract The amount of sodium ion binding in human sera and in dialyzed human sera was estimated from standard-addition titrations with an ion-selective electrode and from measurements of 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) linewidth. For the untreated sera, maximum binding was 1% (1.4 mmol/L) as indicated by NMR; virtually no binding was found via the titration method. For dialyzed sera with low-sodium, normal-protein content, NMR indicated that sodium binding was less than 1.3% (0.14 mmol/L). The same dialyzed fluid analyzed with ion-selective electrodes shows no sodium binding, within the limits of experimental error (+/- 4%). Sodium ion binding to serum protein thus contributes only minimally to differences in sodium measurements observed between the direct (undiluted) ion-selective electrode and flame-photometric methods.

Determination of sodium with ion-selective electrodes.

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1435-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
G B Levy
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Flame Photometry ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Direct Potentiometry

Abstract The advent of ion-selective electrodes made possible the potentiometry of sodium in serum and plasma. These methods were based on dilution of serum, as done in flame photometry, and the results were identical. Analysis of whole blood precludes dilution and so "direct" potentiometry was developed. Results by this technique are variable but tend to compensate for the spurious hyponatremias found by the "indirect" dilution methods due to displacement of volume by lipids and protein. However, there is no unambiguous theoretical basis on which to choose between the various direct ion-selective-electrode techniques and instruments. As an alternative, I propose use of current indirect methods, with numerical correction for the shift in normal sodium values in the presence of abnormal lipid and (or) protein. A table was constructed for making such corrections.

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