Microwave non-thermal effect reduces ELISA timing to less than 5 minutes

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (25) ◽  
pp. 20850-20857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Ahirwar ◽  
Swati Tanwar ◽  
Utpal Bora ◽  
Pradip Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Catalytic Effect

Microwave-mediated ELISA, which occurs in less than 5 minutes, is due to a microwave non-thermal effect. We postulate that the microwave non-thermal effect is a microwave catalytic effect acting by lowering the activation energy of reactants.

Spctrophotometric Determination of Trace Ruthenium by its Catalytic Effect on Oxidation of 3,5-DiBr-PADAP with KIO4

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1999-2005
Author(s):  
Zhi Rong Zhou ◽  
Qun Wang ◽  
Shu Yuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Catalytic Reaction ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Potassium Periodate ◽  
Relative Standard

A spectrophotometric method for the determination of ruthenium (III) is described, based on its catalytic effect on the oxidation reaction of 2-[(3,5-dibromo-2-pyridy)azo]-5-diethylaminophenol (3,5-diBr-PADAP) with potassium periodate in 0.008 mol/L sodium hydroxide medium and in the presence of OP emulsifier (p-iso-octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol) at 100 °C. The above reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in the absorbance at 530 nm for the catalytic reaction of 3,5-diBr-PADAP. The calibration curve for the recommended method was linear in the concentration range over 0.04 µg/L–1.0 µg/L and the detection limit of the method for Ru (III) is 0.012 µg/L. The influence of the factors such as acidity, concentration of reactants, reaction time, temperature and co-existing ions on the reaction is discussed. The optimum conditions of reaction are established and some kinetic parameters are determined. The apparent activation energy of catalytic reaction is 100.48 kJ/mol. The relative standard deviation for the determination of ruthenium (III) at the concentration of 0.02 µg/25mL is calculated to be 2.30 % (n=11). In combination with distilled separation, the method has been successfully applied for the determination of trace ruthenium (III) in some ores and metallurgy products with the relative standard deviations (RSD) over 1.8 %–2.9 % and the recovery over 98.1 %–103.1 %.

Kinetic understanding of the effect of Na and Mg on pyrolytic behavior of lignin using a distributed activation energy model and density functional theory modeling

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1099-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang Ho Kim ◽  
Keunhong Jeong ◽  
Seung-Soo Kim ◽  
Robert C. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Energy Model ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metals ◽  
Distributed Activation Energy Model ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Naturally Occurring

The catalytic effect of Na and Mg, naturally occurring alkali and alkaline earth metals, on lignin pyrolysis was systematically analyzed using a distributed activation energy model and computational modeling.

Relationship between the cycloaddition activation energy and thermal effect in solutions

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 259-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir G. Uryadov ◽  
Evgenii N. Ofitserov
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Effect

scholarly journals The Effect of Microsized Aluminum Powder on Thermal Decomposition of HNIW (CL-20)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiang Mao ◽  
Chenguang Zhu ◽  
Yanchun Li ◽  
Yifan Li ◽  
Longfei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Aluminum Powder ◽  
Kinetic Models ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
Al Powder

DSC experiments were conducted on the 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaaza-tetracyclo-[5.5.0.05,9.03,11]-dodecane (also known as HNIW or CL-20) and CL-20 containing 10 wt.% microsized aluminum (Al) powders. The kinetic parameters of CL-20 and CL-20/Al were obtained by ASTM685 and Friedman methods, respectively, indicating that Al powder decreases the activation energy of CL-20 slightly and has a catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of CL-20. By the method of nonlinear multivariate regression, kinetic models of CL-20 and CL-20/Al were derived as fα=1−αn1+kcat⋅α, where the lgkcat of CL-20 and CL-20/Al is 1.97 and 2.12, respectively, showing that the autocatalytic ability of CL-20 had been increased by adding Al powder. From the SEM images of CL-20/Al and the XRD pattern of the decomposition residues of CL-20/Al, it can be inferred that partial combustion of Al particles happened in the microscale view and led to the release of heat.

scholarly journals EVALUASI KINETIKA DEKOMPOSISI TERMAL PROPELAN KOMPOSIT AP/HTPB DENGAN METODE KISSINGER, FLYNN WALL OZAWA DAN COATS - REDFREN

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Wiwiek Utami Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Decomposition Kinetic ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Random Nucleation ◽  
Mechanism And Kinetics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Particles

Decomposition of propellant Mechanism and kinetics have been investigated by using DTG/TA with three different methods: Kissinger, Flynn Wall Ozawa and Coats & Redfern. This research aims to determine decomposition kinetic parameters of LAPAN’s propellant. The propellants have different composition of Al and AP modal. RUM propellant consist of AP/HTPB. 450 propellant consists AP/HTPB/Al (bimodal). Meanwhile 1220 propellant consists of AP/HTPB/Al (trimoda). Thermal analysis takes place at 30 – 400oC and nitrogen atmosphere flow rate is 50 ml/min. The result according showed that propellant was decomposed by F1 mechanism (random nucleation with one nucleus on the individual particles). Activation energy of propellants are in range between 100.876 – 155.156 kJ/mol meanwhile pre-exponential factor are in range between 4.57 x 107 – 3.46 x 1012/min. Activation energy (E) as well as pre-exponential factor for 1220 propellant is the lowest among the others. AP trimodal application generates catalytic effect which decreases activation energy. 1220 propellant is easier to decompose (easier to react) than RUM and 450 propellant. AbstrakMekanisme dan kinetika dekomposisi propelan telah diinvestigasi menggunakan DTG/TA dengan tiga jenis metode yang berbeda yaitu Kissinger, Flynn Wall Ozawa dan Coats & Redfern. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui parameter kinetika dekomposisi propelan LAPAN. Propelan yang digunakan memiliki perbedaan komposisi Al dan jenis moda AP. Propelan RUM adalah propelan AP/HTPB. RX 450 adalah AP/HTPB/ Al (bimoda). Sementara itu, RX 1220 adalah AP/HTPB/ Al (trimoda). Pengujian termal berlangsung pada suhu 30 - 400oC dan atmosfer nitrogen berlaju alir 50 ml/menit. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa semua jenis propelan terdekomposisi dengan mekanisme F1 (nukleasi acak dengan satu nukleus pada partikel individu). Energi aktivasi propelan berkisar antara 100,876 – 155,156 kJ/mol sementara faktor pre-eksponensial berkisar antara 4,57 x 107 – 3,46 x 1012/min. Energi aktivasi (E) dan faktor pre-eksponensial (A) RX 1220 adalah terendah dari ketiga sampel. Penggunaan jenis AP trimodul menciptakan efek katalitik yang menurunkan besarnya energi aktivasi. Propelan RX 1220 lebih mudah terdekomposisi (lebih mudah bereaksi) daripada propelan RUM dan RX 450. 

Analysis of mechanism of the catalytic effect of hydrogen on the decay of alkyl macroradicals in polyethylene

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1279-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Bartoš
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Energy Barrier ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Molecular Model ◽  
Particle State ◽  
One Step ◽  
The One ◽  
Step Mechanism ◽  
Phase Proceeds

The suggested one-step and two-step mechanism of decay of alkyl macroradicals in polyethylene are analyzed in detail at the activation energy level. For the one-step mechanism, the BEBO method is modified for reactions proceeding via a three-particle state. For the two-step mechanism, a three-process kinetic model is used; the contributions to the total energy barrier are calculated by the original BEBO method for two-particle transition states and by a molecular model for the diffusion of simple penetrants in polymers. The results indicate that the catalytic effect of hydrogen on the migration of the alkyls in the amorphous phase proceeds by the two-step mechanism.

scholarly journals Microwave catalyzed carbothermic reduction of zinc oxide and zinc ferrite: effect of microwave energy on the reaction activation energy

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (40) ◽  
pp. 23959-23968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamdouh Omran ◽  
Timo Fabritius ◽  
Eetu-Pekka Heikkinen ◽  
Tero Vuolio ◽  
Yaowei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Carbothermic Reduction ◽  
Zinc Ferrite ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Reaction Activation Energy

Catalytic effect of microwave energy on carbothermic reduction of zinc ferrite.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Ruthenium by its Catalytic Effect on Oxidation of Switzerland Pigment with KIO4

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Su Ping Chen ◽  
Zhi Rong Zhou ◽  
Cheng Jie Cai ◽  
Yan Ling Fang ◽  
Zhi Cheng Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Catalytic Reaction ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Potassium Periodate ◽  
Chloride Medium ◽  
Relative Standard

A spectrophotometric method for the determination of ruthenium (III) is described, based on its catalytic effect on the oxidation reaction of switerland pigment with potassium periodate in 0.016 mol/L of hydrogen chloride medium and in the presence of OP emulsifier (p-iso-octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol) at 100 °C. The above reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in the absorbance at 608 nm for the catalytic reaction of switerland pigment. The calibration curve for the recommended method was linear in the concentration range over 0.041.0 μg/L and the detection limit of the method for Ru (III) is 0.012 μg/L. The influence of the factors such as acidity, concentration of reactants, reaction time, temperature and co-existing ions on the reaction is discussed. The optimum conditions of reaction are established and some kinetic parameters are determined. The apparent activation energy of catalytic reaction is 100.48 kJ/mol. The relative standard deviation for the determination of ruthenium (III) at the concentration of 0.02 μg/25 mL is calculated to be 2.3 % (n=11). In combination with distilled separation, the method has been successfully applied for the determination of trace ruthenium (III) in some ores and metallurgy proucts with the relative standard deviations (RSD) over 2.9 %3.8 % and the recovery over 98.2 %-103.6 %.

scholarly journals Enhanced Combustion of Bituminous Coal and Semicoke Mixture by Ferric Oxide with Thermographic and Kinetic Analyses

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7696
Author(s):  
Tingting Lv ◽  
Luyao Kou ◽  
Tu Hu ◽  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Li Yang
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Burning Rate ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Pulverized Coal ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Coal Powder ◽  
The Cost

We study the specific catalytic effect of the catalyst on the combustion process of pulverized coal of increasing the proportion of semicoke in the mixture of semicoke and bituminous coal, and reducing the cost of blast-furnace coal injection. A combination of thermogravimetric and kinetic analyses were used to study the catalytic effect of Fe2O3 on semicoke and bituminous coal, and to improve the amount of semicoke in the mixed coal powder of bituminous coal and semicoke. Experimental results showed that Fe2O3 had a catalytic effect on both semicoke and bituminous coal, but there were differences in the catalytic stages of the same catalyst for different pulverized coal types. The addition of 2 wt % Fe2O3 to semicoke and bituminous coal each led to the ignition temperature and maximal burning rate temperature of the semicoke decreasing, indicating that the catalyst promoted the precipitation of a volatile fraction from the semicoke. The maximal burning rate temperature and burnout temperature of the bituminous coal decreased, and maximal weight loss rate increased, indicating that the catalyst promoted the combustion of the fixed carbon of bituminous coal. The optimal proportioning amount of semicoke in the mixed coal powder without the addition of a catalyst was 25%. After adding 2 wt % Fe2O3, the proportional amount of semicoke increased by 10%. The addition of the catalyst resulted in even lower activation energy for the same conversion rate. When the conversion rate was in the ranges of 0.1–0.2 and 0.5–0.7, the activation energy decreased by 22% and 26%, respectively, compared with that without a catalyst. Fe2O3 promoted the combustion of bituminous coal and semicoke. This enhanced the combustion performance of the pulverized coal mix and increased the proportion of semicoke in the mix, which has certain guiding significance in reducing the cost of blast-furnace iron making.

scholarly journals Quantitative evaluation of the non-thermal effect in microwave induced polymer curing

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 3740-3750
Author(s):  
Kun Li ◽  
Tuo Ping ◽  
Haobo Zhang ◽  
Junying Zhang ◽  
Jue Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Polymer Curing ◽  
Exponential Factors

The non-thermal effect of microwave was evaluated quantitatively by the calculation of activation energy and pre-exponential factors with an isothermal microwave.

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