Stable single device multi-pore electrospraying of polymeric microparticles via controlled electrostatic interactions

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (107) ◽  
pp. 87919-87923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunchen Zhang ◽  
Ming-Wei Chang ◽  
Zeeshan Ahmad ◽  
Weiwen Hu ◽  
Ding Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Polymeric Microparticles ◽  
Electrospray Emitter ◽  
Spherical Microparticles

A novel flute-like multi-pore electrospray emitter was designed and manufactured to enable economical scale-up smooth spherical microparticles. The effect of processing parameters and device configuration on particle sizes is described.

scholarly journals Applying Microfluidics for the Production of the Cationic Liposome-Based Vaccine Adjuvant CAF09b

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1237
Author(s):  
Signe Tandrup Schmidt ◽  
Dennis Christensen ◽  
Yvonne Perrie
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Cationic Liposome ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Adjuvant Activity ◽  
Lipid Film ◽  
Gmp Production

Subunit vaccines require particulate adjuvants to induce the desired immune responses. Pre-clinical manufacturing methods of adjuvants are often batch dependent, which complicates scale-up for large-scale good manufacturing practice (GMP) production. The cationic liposomal adjuvant CAF09b, composed of dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDA), monomycoloyl glycerol analogue 1 (MMG) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], is currently being clinically evaluated in therapeutic cancer vaccines. Microfluidics is a promising new method for large-scale manufacturing of particle-based medicals, which is scalable from laboratory to GMP production, and a protocol for production of CAF09b by this method was therefore validated. The influence of the manufacture parameters [Ethanol] (20–40% v/v), [Lipid] (DDA and MMG, 6–12 mg/mL) and dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] (0–10% v/v) on the resulting particle size, colloidal stability and adsorption of poly(I:C) was evaluated in a design-of-experiments study. [Ethanol] and [DMSO] affected the resulting particle sizes, while [Lipid] and [DMSO] affected the colloidal stability. In all samples, poly(I:C) was encapsulated within the liposomes. At [Ethanol] 30% v/v, most formulations were stable at 21 days of manufacture with particle sizes <100 nm. An in vivo comparison in mice of the immunogenicity to the cervical cancer peptide antigen HPV-16 E7 adjuvanted with CAF09b prepared by lipid film rehydration or microfluidics showed no difference between the formulations, indicating adjuvant activity is intact. Thus, it is possible to prepare suitable formulations of CAF09b by microfluidics.

Effect of Sintering Temperatures on the Reaction-Bonded Si3N4/SiC Composite Ceramics

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 331-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Wen Jie Yuan ◽  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Hong Xi Zhu ◽  
Cheng Ji Deng
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Silicon Powder ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Composite Ceramics ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Property

Effect of sintering temperatures on reaction-bonded Si3N4/SiC composite ceramics under pressureless was investigated. Si3N4/SiC composite ceramics were sintered at different temperatures from 1450 to 1700 °C under nitrogen atmosphere by using SiC with different particle sizes, Si and additives Y2O3 as raw materials. The phases, microstructure and mechanical property were characterized by XRD, SEM, and compressive strength tests. The results demonstrated that when the particle gradation consists of silicon carbide of 74 μm (5 wt.%), 44 μm (10 wt.%) and 0.5 μm(35 wt.%) and silicon powder of 74 μm (42 wt.%), the more dense samples with the bulk density of 2.43 g/cm3 and the higher compressive strength of 324 MPa could be obtained at the sintering temperature of 1550 °C for 3h as the optimum processing parameters.

scholarly journals Effects of the electrosprayed polycaprolactone microparticles morphology on the polycaprolactone degradation

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Nguyen-Vu Viet Linh ◽  
Nguyen Quoc Viet ◽  
Huynh Dai Phu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Protein Delivery ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Processing Parameter ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
Polymeric Microparticles ◽  
Scanning Electron

The polycaprolactone (PCL) microparticles fabricated by electrospray technique have been studied and applied in drug and protein delivery system. The degradation of PCL and the release of drug/protein from the polymeric microparticles (MPs) were desired to happen simultaneously. When the new dosage was administrated, the PCL MPs were degraded and eliminated out of the body. This research indicated that the degradation of PCL was influenced by the various morphology of electrosprayed microparticles. The different sizes of 11.8 μm and 5.17 μm and the various shapes of the PCL MPs such as hollow, porous and wrinkle particles and spheres were investigated the PCL degradation in the PBS solution, at pH 7.4. The morphology of PCL MPs was designed by controlling the polymer solution and the electrosprayed processing parameters such as the flow rate and collecting distance. Scanning electron microscopy and gel permeation chromatography were order to determine the change of the morphology and number molecule weight (Mn) of PCL MPs. The porous, distorted and smaller particles reduced the Mn faster than the microspheres because of the larger surface area of MPs contacted with PBS solution. After 77 days, PCL MPs which were fabricated by the processing parameter, including 2.5% PCL in DCM, flow rate of 0.8 mL/h, voltage of 18 kV, collecting distance of 25 cm, reduced 49.96% molecular weight (decreasing from Mn= 80,438 g/mol to 40,225 g/mol).  

scholarly journals Engineering 3D Printed Microfluidic Chips for the Fabrication of Nanomedicines

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2134
Author(s):  
Aytug Kara ◽  
Athina Vassiliadou ◽  
Baris Ongoren ◽  
William Keeble ◽  
Richard Hing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
Acid Media ◽  
3D Printed

Currently, there is an unmet need to manufacture nanomedicines in a continuous and controlled manner. Three-dimensional (3D) printed microfluidic chips are an alternative to conventional PDMS chips as they can be easily designed and manufactured to allow for customized designs that are able to reproducibly manufacture nanomedicines at an affordable cost. The manufacturing of microfluidic chips using existing 3D printing technologies remains very challenging because of the intricate geometry of the channels. Here, we demonstrate the manufacture and characterization of nifedipine (NFD) polymeric nanoparticles based on Eudragit L-100 using 3D printed microfluidic chips with 1 mm diameter channels produced with two 3D printing techniques that are widely available, stereolithography (SLA) and fuse deposition modeling (FDM). Fabricated polymeric nanoparticles showed good encapsulation efficiencies and particle sizes in the range of 50–100 nm. SLA chips possessed better channel resolution and smoother channel surfaces, leading to smaller particle sizes similar to those obtained by conventional manufacturing methods based on solvent evaporation, while SLA manufactured nanoparticles showed a minimal burst effect in acid media compared to nanoparticles fabricated with FDM chips. Three-dimensional printed microfluidic chips are a novel and easily amenable cost-effective strategy to allow for customization of the design process for continuous manufacture of nanomedicines under controlled conditions, enabling easy scale-up and reducing nanomedicine development times, while maintaining high-quality standards.

Evaluation of Press-and-Sinter Processing Parameters in Titanium Hydride Powder Metallurgy

2016 ◽  
Vol 704 ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
S.L.G. Petroni ◽  
E.T. Galvani ◽  
Carlos Alberto Alves Cairo ◽  
C.C. Girotto ◽  
V.A.R. Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Hydrogen Release ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Titanium Hydride Powder ◽  
Titanium Powders ◽  
Compaction Of Powders ◽  
Conventional Press ◽  
Hydride Powder

The use of hydrogenated titanium powders combined with traditional PM techniques may lead to a significant reduction in the manufacturing costs of titanium components. In this work, the advantages and limitations of the use of TiH2 powder consolidated through the conventional press-and-sinter method were investigated. Processing parameters related to the compaction and sintering were studied for a TiH2 powder in the particle sizes <355 μm, <150 μm and <45 μm. Optimized compaction conditions were achieved by using admixed lubricant and compaction pressure of 800 MPa. The mechanisms involved in the compaction of powders were detailed through the fit of compressibility data to a theoretical model originally developed for titanium powders. Densification of samples was favored by the reduction in particle size and increase in sintering temperature up to 1300 °C. The positive effects of hydrogen release during dehydrogenation were verified through the results of sintered densities and the reduction of oxygen levels. Limitations were observed mainly regarding the flowability of powders and the difficulty to achieve full densification.

Multilayer Laser Sintering of HAp/Ti Nanoparticles Onto Metallic Implants

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Gary J. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Titanium Substrate ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Beam Radius ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Metallic Implants ◽  
Scan Speed ◽  
Substrate Processing

Novel methodology of laser sintering of mixture of mixture of bio-ceramics and metallic nanoparticles on metallic implants is introduced in current work. Feasibility of this method is demonstrated using a multiphysics numerical simulation. Treating laser beam as electromagnetic (EM) wave, EM module is coupled with heat transfer (HT) module. The EMHT scheme analyzes the interaction between laser-nanoparticles which ends up with temperature raise within the sample. As a demonstration, HAp and Ti nanoparticles are employed to be sintered on titanium substrate. Processing parameters such as laser power, beam radius, scan speed, and layer thickness are studied, and correlation between these parameters and final temperature is presented. Effects of mixing ratio and nanoparticle size are also examined. Considering effects of mixing ratios and particle sizes, the following coating scheme is proposed for future experiments: varying HAp concentration from 100% to 0% at 10% intervals from coating surface to coating/substrate interface, and meanwhile, varying particle diameters from 500 nm to 100 nm at 100 nm intervals.

scholarly journals ELECTROSPRAY METHOD: PROCESSING PARAMETERS INFLUENCE ON MORPHOLOGY AND SIZE OF PCL PARTICLES

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1B) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Linh Viet Nguyen Vu
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Polymeric Microparticles ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Imagej Software ◽  
H 20 ◽  
Scanning Electron

The polymeric microparticles using electrospray technique have been used effectively as the drug carrier, whereby controlled release of drug. The electrosprayed particles morphology and size dictated the degradation of polymer matrix, therefore they influenced the release profile from drug loaded microparticles. The effects of electrospray processing parameters (flow rate, applied voltage and distance from the tip of needle to collector) on morphology and size of polycaprolactone (PCL) particles were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ImageJ software. In this research, the PCL solution was prepared by dissolving PCL in Dichloromethane at 4.5 % solution. In addition, processing parameters such as the flow rate (0.5 mL/h, 1 mL/h, 1.5 mL/h, 2 mL/h and 4 mL/h), the applied voltage (15 kV, 18 kV and 24 kV) and the collecting distance (15 cm, 20 cm, and 25 cm) were changed to examine the effects of them on size and morphology of PCL particles. The results indicated that at the suitable electrospraying parameters (18 kV, 1.5 mL/h, 20–25 cm), microparticles have obtained the uniform and stable morphology while at higher flow rate (2 mL/h and 4 mL/h), the particles were deformed and had bigger size. 

scholarly journals Continuous Manufacture and Scale-Up of Theophylline-Nicotinamide Cocrystals

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Steven A. Ross ◽  
Andrew P. Hurt ◽  
Milan Antonijevic ◽  
Nicolaos Bouropoulos ◽  
Adam Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accelerated Stability ◽  
Continuous Manufacture ◽  
Hot Melt

The aim of the study was the manufacturing and scale-up of theophylline-nicotinamide (THL-NIC) pharmaceutical cocrystals processed by hot-melt extrusion (HME). The barrel temperature profile, feed rate and screw speed were found to be the critical processing parameters with a residence time of approximately 47 s for the scaled-up batches. Physicochemical characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction of bulk and extruded materials revealed the formation of high purity cocrystals (98.6%). The quality of THL-NIC remained unchanged under accelerated stability conditions.

SOL-ENHANCED Au–Ni–TiO2 ELECTROPLATED COATINGS

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (19) ◽  
pp. 1341010 ◽  
Author(s):  
YING JU ◽  
YUXIN WANG ◽  
WEI GAO
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Thickness Variation ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Electroplating Process ◽  
The University

A sol-enhanced gold ( Au ) — nickel ( Ni ) — titanium dioxide ( TiO 2) composite coating technique has been developed at the University of Auckland. The aim of the present study is to achieve quality control and thickness homogeneity of the coatings in order to scale up this process to the workshop level. Multi-coating samples were prepared in the same electroplating unit with same processing parameters. The thickness variation and influence of titanium dioxide ( TiO 2) sol content on the thickness have been studied. The consumption of Au and Ti ions in the electrolytes during the electroplating process was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) method. The cross-section microstructures of coatings were studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) system. An optimized processing method has been put forward for the industry process to produce coatings with uniform thickness and good quality.

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