A new soybean meal-based bioadhesive enhanced with 5,5-dimethyl hydantoin polyepoxide for the improved water resistance of plywood

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (77) ◽  
pp. 62957-62965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Luo ◽  
Chenchen Li ◽  
Xiaona Li ◽  
Jianlin Luo ◽  
Qiang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Water Soluble

The primary goal of this study is to improve the water resistance of a soybean meal-based bioadhesive and its resultant plywood with water-soluble 5,5-dimethyl hydantoin polyepoxide (DMHP).

scholarly journals Semi-Crystalline Hydrophobic Polyamidoamines: A New Family of Technological Materials?

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1018
Author(s):  
Massimo Marcioni ◽  
Jenny Alongi ◽  
Elisabetta Ranucci ◽  
Mario Malinconico ◽  
Paola Laurienzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
New Family ◽  
Methylene Groups ◽  
Methane Flame

The hitherto known polyamidoamines (PAAs) are not suitable as structural materials because they are usually water-soluble or swellable in water. This paper deals with the synthesis and characterization of semi-crystalline hydrophobic PAAs (H-PAAs) by combining different bis-sec-amines with bis-acrylamides obtained from C6–C12 bis-prim-amines. H-PAAs were initially obtained in a solution of benzyl alcohol, a solvent suitable for both monomers and polymers. Their number average molecular weights, M¯n, which were determined with 1H-NMR by evaluating the percentage of their terminal units, varied from 6000 to >10,000. The solubility, thermal properties, ignitability and water resistance of H-PAAs were determined. They were soluble in organic solvents, semi-crystalline and thermally stable. The most promising ones were also prepared using a bulk process, which has never been previously reported for PAA synthesis. In the form of films, these H-PAAs were apparently unaffected by water. The films underwent tensile and wettability tests. They showed similar Young moduli (260–263 MPa), whereas the maximum stress and the stress at break depended on the number of methylene groups of the starting bis-acrylamides. Their wettability was somewhat higher than that of common Nylons. Interestingly, none of the H-PAAs considered, either as films or powders, ignited after prolonged exposure to a methane flame.

scholarly journals Improved Water Resistance of Soybean Meal-based Adhesive with SDS and PAM

BioResources ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixin Xu ◽  
Jing Luo ◽  
Qiang Gao ◽  
Shifeng Zhang ◽  
Jianzhang Li
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Water Resistance

scholarly journals PEAT-CONTAINING COMPOSITION CONTAINING MAGNESIA BINDER

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Mitina ◽  
Vasiliy A. Lotov ◽  
Margarita A. Kovaleva ◽  
Natali O. Kopanitsa
Keyword(s):  
Water Resistance ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fluid Mixing ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
Hydration Reaction ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Hydrogen Carbonates ◽  
Hardening Coefficient ◽  
Caustic Magnesia

Based on the new hydraulic magnesia binder, the compositions of the peat-containing composite material have been proposed and investigated. Hydraulic magnesia binder is an astringent composition of hydration-reaction hardening, which consists of an active caustic magnesia powder and a mixing fluid. As the fluid mixing an aqueous solution of magnesium bicarbonate Mg(HCO3)2 with a concentration of 13 g/l was used. Hardening forms water-insoluble products - magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 and magnesium bicarbonates of general formula MgCO3·zMg(OH)2·nH2O, which makes it possible to harden and used products based on such a binder as in the air, and in water. The use of peat as a filler of the developed compositions will make it possible to obtain lightweight waterproof materials and products of heat-insulating purpose. It has been shown that the peat-and-magnesian compositions of all compositions have a hydration hardening coefficient of more than 1.0, which indicates intensification of the hydration and hardening processes in water conditions in comparison with air and large strength parameters. Using XRD the phase composition of peat products and peat- magnesium hardening compositions was established. Thermal analysis showed the presence of magnesium hydrogencarbonates in samples of compositions that are in the form of slightly crystallized neoplasms. Investigations by electron microscopy confirmed the presence of hydrocarbons such as magnesium particles dipingite Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·5H2O and hydromagnesite Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O in the form of thin plates with the vertical direction of crystallization. Increased water resistance of compositions based on hydraulic magnesia binder with non-water-resistant filler peat is due to mineralization of peat particles due to their impregnation with a solution of magnesium bicarbonate and the formation of water-soluble magnesium hydrogen carbonates in the loose porous structure of peat.

MICROBIAL PENTOSANASES: II. SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRODUCTION OF PENTOSANASES BY BACILLUS PUMILUS AND BACILLUS SUBTILIS

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Ammonium Lactate ◽  
Steep Liquor

A number of carbohydrates and nitrogenous adjuncts were tested for their effect on the constitutive and adaptive pentosanases produced by Bacillus stibtilis and B. pumilus respectively in a medium containing biotin, ammonium phosphate, and other mineral salts. B. subtilis produced more enzyme with sulphite liquor than with any of the other carbohydrate sources tested. Next, in decreasing order of merit, were wheat bran, maltose, ribose, beet molasses, oat hulls, and pectin. Of the nitrogenous adjuncts tested, corn steep liquor, soybean meal, gelatin, gelysate, and ammonium lactate doubled the yield of enzyme whereas yeast extract, peptone, urea, and others were less effective. For B. pumilus the better carbohydrate sources, in decreasing order of merit, were wheat bran, water soluble pentosan of wheat flour, xylan, straw holo-cellulose, wheat straw, and sulphite liquor. Of the nitrogen sources, corn steep liquor was outstanding while casein, casitone, phytone, yeast extract, distillers' dried solubles, and soybean meal followed in decreasing order. A medium containing 6% wheat bran (20 mesh), 1% corn steep liquor neutralized with ammonia, 0.05% sodium chloride, and 0.05% calcium carbonate was devised for the production of pentosanase by B. pumilus. With this medium in shaken Erlenmeyer flasks, the enzyme was produced at a high rate between 12 and 40 hr.; thereafter the rate of production decreased. Maximum yields were obtained in 96 hr. A temperature of 26 °C. was more favorable for pentosanase production than higher temperatures.

Water Resistance of Neoprene

1938 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-393
Author(s):  
Howard W. Starkweather ◽  
Herbert W. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Significant Change

Abstract Superior water resistance of well-cured Neoprene, like that of natural rubber, depends upon the absence of water-soluble ingredients and agents that are capable of absorbing water. It has been shown that the water resistance of Neoprene varies greatly with different activating agents. This paper includes a more detailed study of the water absorption of Neoprene—magnesia—zinc oxide compounds and describes certain loaded stocks with improved water resistance. The water absorption was determined by the method already outlined, using slabs 0.20 cm. thick. Calculation of Water Absorption The water absorption can be calculated from the increase in weight or from the increase in volume of a stock during immersion in water. A difference between these values is an indication of chemically combined water. This is based upon the assumption that water undergoes no significant change in volume during absorption but that there is a change in volume during a chemical reaction. The two methods of calculating the absorption of water are shown by the equations:

Preparation of UV Curable Waterborne Polyurethane and its Application in Coatings

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 925-928
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Xiao Juan Lai ◽  
Shao Yun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Crosslinking Degree ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Solidification Reaction ◽  
Test Result

Waterborne UV curable polyurethane emulision containing C=C bond was prepared with self-emulsification. 3% water soluble photoinitiator was added to the polyurethane emulision, and polyurethane films was prepared by ultraviolet irradiation. The structure of the polyurethane emulision and films were confirmed by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric analysis. FTIR test result shows that cross linking and solidification reaction of C=C double bond happened after UV irradiation. When C=C content increases, the particle size of polyurethane emulision increases, crosslinking degree of films increases, water resistance and heat resistance have both been improved. When C=C content is 8.51%, gel content is more than 90% and the lowest water absorption can be 12.5%.

scholarly journals Effect of Dip Coating Polymer Solutions on Properties of Thermoplastic Cassava Starch

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1746
Author(s):  
Kittisak Jantanasakulwong ◽  
Nattagarn Homsaard ◽  
Phanurot Phengchan ◽  
Pornchai Rachtanapun ◽  
Noppol Leksawasdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resistance ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Solution Technique ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Coating Solution

Thermoplastic starch (TPS) was prepared by melt-mixing cassava starch with glycerol. Polyethylene (PE), polyethylene-grafted-maleic anhydride (PE-MAH) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) solutions at 2% (w/v) were used to coat TPS using the dip coating process. The tensile strength of TPS increased with the dip coating solution technique, especially for PLA coating. Swelling index, water-soluble matter and water droplet contact angle confirmed the water resistant improvement of TPS by PE-MAH and the PLA dip coating solution. Plasticizer bleeding was found in uncoated TPS after storage, but not in the coated TPS. Coating TPS with PE-MAH and PLA improved the tensile properties, water resistance and conquered plasticizer bleeding problems in TPS.

scholarly journals A Tough, Water-Resistant, High Bond Strength Adhesive Derived from Soybean Meal and Flexible Hyper-Branched Aminated Starch

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Jieyu Zhang ◽  
Mingsong Chen ◽  
Jing Luo ◽  
Sheldon Q. Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
High Bond ◽  
High Bond Strength ◽  
Branched Structure ◽  
Long Chain

Soybean meal (SM)-based adhesive exhibited a great potential to replace petroleum-derived ones to alleviate the energy crisis and eliminate carcinogenic formaldehyde. However, the bad water resistance (caused by low crosslinking density) and inherent brittleness of SM adhesive severely hindered its application. However, improving crosslinking density is generally accompanied by a toughness reduction of the adhesive. Herein, we developed a flexible long-chain starch with a hyper-branched structure (HD), and incorporated it with SM and a crosslinking agent to prepare a novel SM adhesive. Results showed that this adhesive exhibited both excellent water resistance and enhanced toughness. The wet bond strength of plywood fabricated using this adhesive was 354.5% higher than that of SM adhesive. These achievements are because introducing HD with hyper-branched groups enhanced crosslinking density, while HD’s flexible long-chain structure improved toughness of the adhesive. This HD can promote the development of tough and hydrophobic bio-based composites.

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