Molecular design of N–NO2substituted cycloalkanes derivatives Cm(N–NO2)mfor energetic materials with high detonation performance and low impact sensitivity

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (48) ◽  
pp. 38048-38055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Yan Guo ◽  
Wei-Jie Chi ◽  
Ze-Sheng Li ◽  
Quan-Song Li
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Impact Sensitivity ◽  
Detonation Performance ◽  
Detonation Properties

Cycloalkane derivatives Cm(N–NO2)mexhibit notable detonation properties and remarkable stability for potential energetic materials.

Density functional study of guanidine-azole salts as energetic materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 949-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Yu Xu ◽  
Zhou-Yu Meng ◽  
Feng-Qi Zhao ◽  
Xue-Hai Ju
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Dft Method ◽  
Impact Sensitivity ◽  
Detonation Performance ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Detonation Properties ◽  
Geometrical Structures ◽  
Counter Ions ◽  
The Density Functional Theory

A series of guanidine cations and azole anions were designed for use as energetic salts. Their geometrical structures were optimized by the density functional theory (DFT) method. The counter ions were matched by the similar magnitude of the electron affinity (EA) of the cation and the ionization potential (IP) of the anion. The densities, heats of formation, detonation parameters, and impact sensitivity were predicted. The incorporation of guanidine cations and diazole anions are favorable to form thermal stable salts except cation A1. The diaminoguanidine cation has greater impact on the density and detonation properties of the salts than the triaminoguanidine cation. 2-Amino-3-nitroamino-4,5-nitro-dinitropyrazole is the best anion for advancing the detonation performance among all the anions. Incorporating the C=O bond into the guanidine cations enhances the density and detonation performance of the guanidine-azole salts. The salts containing III1–III4 anion have better detonation properties than HMX, indicating that these salts are potential energetic compounds. Compared with RDX or HMX, some salts with diaminoguanidine cation display lower impact sensitivity.

scholarly journals Screening for energetic compounds based on 1,3-dinitrohexahydropyrimidine skeleton and 5-various explosopheres: molecular design and computational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Binghui Duan ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Xianming Lu ◽  
Hongchang Mo ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Impact Sensitivity ◽  
Detonation Properties ◽  
Detonation Pressure ◽  
Energetic Compounds ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Energetic Performance

Abstract In this paper, twelve 1,3-dinitrohexahydropyrimidine-based energetic compounds were designed by introducing various explosopheres into hexahydropyrimidine skeleton. Their geometric and electronic structures, heats of formation (HOFs), energetic performance, thermal stability and impact sensitivity were discussed. It is found that the incorporation of electron-withdrawing groups (–NO2, –NHNO2, –N3, –CH(NO2)2, –CF(NO2)2, –C(NO2)3) improves HOFs of the derivatives and all the substituents contribute to enhancing the densities and detonation properties (D, P) of the title compounds. Therein, the substitution of –C(NO2)3 features the best energetic performance with detonation velocity of 9.40 km s−1 and detonation pressure of 40.20 GPa. An analysis of the bond dissociation energies suggests that N–NO2 bond may be the initial site in the thermal decompositions for most of the derivatives. Besides, –ONO2 and –NF2 derivatives stand out with lower impact sensitivity. Characters with striking detonation properties (D = 8.62 km s−1, P = 35.08 GPa; D = 8.81 km s−1, P = 34.88 GPa), good thermal stability, and acceptable impact sensitivity (characteristic height H50 over 34 cm) lead novel compounds 5,5-difluoramine-1,3-dinitrohexahydropyrimidine (K) and 5-fluoro-1,3,5-trinitrohexahydropyrimidine (L) to be very promising energetic materials. This work provides the theoretical molecular design and a reasonable synthetic route of L for further experimental synthesis and testing.

Theoretical study of energetic carbon-oxidized triazole and tetrazole derivatives

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guolin Xiong ◽  
Zhichao Liu ◽  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Weihua Zhu ◽  
Heming Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Heat Of Formation ◽  
Detonation Performance ◽  
Detonation Properties ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Tetrazole Derivatives

We investigated the heat of formation, density, thermal stability, and detonation properties of a series of carbon-oxidized triazole and tetrazole derivatives substituted by –NH2 and –NO2 groups using density functional theory. It is found that their properties are associated with the numbers of substituents and substitution positions in the parent ring. The results show that the –NO2 group is an effective structural unit for enhancing their detonation performance. It also indicates that the substitution positions play a very important role in increasing the heat of formation values of the derivatives. An analysis of impact sensitivity (h50) indicates that incorporating the –NH2 groups into the parent ring increases their thermal stability. Considering the detonation performance and thermal stability, seven of the designed compounds may be regarded as potential high-energy compounds. These results provide basic information for the molecular design of novel high-energy compounds.

scholarly journals Comparative Theoretical Studies on a Series of Novel Energetic Salts Composed of 4,8-Dihydrodifurazano[3,4-b,e]pyrazine-based Anions and Ammonium-based Cations

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 3213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binghui Duan ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Bozhou Wang ◽  
Xianming Lu ◽  
Hongchang Mo
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Impact Sensitivity ◽  
Detonation Performance ◽  
Heats Of Formation ◽  
Detonation Properties ◽  
Detonation Pressure ◽  
Derivative Work ◽  
Energetic Salts

4,8-Dihydrodifurazano[3,4-b,e]pyrazine (DFP) is one kind of parent compound for the synthesis of various promising difurazanopyrazine derivatives. In this paper, eleven series of energetic salts composed of 4,8-dihydrodifurazano[3,4-b,e]pyrazine-based anions and ammonium-based cations were designed. Their densities, heats of formation, energetic properties, impact sensitivity, and thermodynamics of formation were studied and compared based on density functional theory and volume-based thermodynamics method. Results show that ammonium and hydroxylammonium salts exhibit higher densities and more excellent detonation performance than guanidinium and triaminoguanidinium salts. Therein, the substitution with electron-withdrawing groups (–NO2, –CH2NF2, –CH2ONO2, –C(NO2)3, –CH2N3) contributes to enhancing the densities, heats of formation, and detonation properties of the title salts, and the substitution of –C(NO2)3 features the best performance. Incorporating N–O oxidation bond to difurazano[3,4-b,e]pyrazine anion gives a rise to the detonation performance of the title salts, while increasing their impact sensitivity meanwhile. Importantly, triaminoguanidinium 4,8-dihydrodifurazano[3,4-b,e]pyrazine (J4) has been successfully synthesized. The experimentally determined density and H50 value of J4 are 1.602 g/cm3 and higher than 112 cm, which are consistent with theoretical values, supporting the reliability of calculation methods. J4 proves to be a thermally stable and energetic explosive with decomposition peak temperature of 216.7 °C, detonation velocity 7732 m/s, and detonation pressure 25.42 GPa, respectively. These results confirm that the derivative work in furazanopyrazine compounds is an effective strategy to design and screen out potential candidates for high-performance energetic salts.

Combinations of furoxan and 1,2,4-oxadiazole for the generation of high performance energetic materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (39) ◽  
pp. 14705-14711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hualin Xiong ◽  
Hongwei Yang ◽  
Caijin Lei ◽  
Pengjiu Yang ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Density ◽  
Detonation Performance

Energetic materials, comprising furoxan and 1,2,4-oxadiazole backbones, were synthesized by nitrating 3,3′-bis(5-amino-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-4,4′-azofuroxan, followed by cation metathesis, giving compounds with high density, high detonation performance and acceptable sensitivities.

Synthesis, characterization and properties of nitrogen-rich compounds based on cyanuric acid: a promising design in the development of new energetic materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (13) ◽  
pp. 4971-4981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiangqiang Liu ◽  
Bo Jin ◽  
Rufang Peng ◽  
Zhicheng Guo ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Cyanuric Acid ◽  
Detonation Properties

A family of nitrogen-rich compounds based on CA anion were synthesized and investigated. Most salts exhibit good detonation properties and BAM fall hammer tests show that these compounds are very insensitive to impact.

Synthesis and Characteristics of Energetic Materials Based on 1,2-Dinitroguanidine

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingcheng Hu ◽  
Xinghui Jin ◽  
Huanqing Jia ◽  
Zuliang Liu ◽  
Chunxu Lv
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Detonation Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Energetic Salts ◽  
Thermal Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

A series of energetic salts based on 1,2-dinitroguanidine were successfully synthesised and fully characterised using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that all the salts possess higher detonation properties (detonation pressures and velocities ranging from 24.8 to 30.3 GPa and 7665 to 8422 m s–1, respectively) than those of trinitrotolouene (TNT, 2,4,6-trinitromethylbenzene). The thermal stability and thermal kinetic parameters were also investigated to give a better understanding of the physical and chemical properties of these energetic salts.

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