scholarly journals RAFT polymerization and associated reactivity ratios of methacrylate-functionalized mixed bio-oil constituents

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (31) ◽  
pp. 5728-5739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela L. Holmberg ◽  
Michael G. Karavolias ◽  
Thomas H. Epps
Keyword(s):  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Reactivity Ratios ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Polymerization Behavior ◽  
Oil Components

High separations costs reduce the practicality of polymers sourced from renewable bio-oils, motivating economical multicomponent bio-oil polymerizations. Thus, this paper investigates polymerization behavior of model bio-oil components and their mixtures.

Controlled copolymerization of n-butyl acrylate with semifluorinated acrylates by RAFT polymerization

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senbin Chen ◽  
Wolfgang H. Binder
Keyword(s):  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Reactivity Ratios ◽  
New Class ◽  
Tof Ms

A new class of well-controlled semifluorinated copolymers were successfully synthesized via RAFT polymerization. We found that ESI-TOF MS was particularly useful for readily analysing our semifluorinated copolymers. The reactivity ratios of each pair of co-monomers are close to one.

Polymerization behavior of 2,6-dimethoxystyrene

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 2057-2060 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Y. Lau ◽  
C. M. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Random Copolymers ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Reactivity Ratios ◽  
Monomer Reactivity Ratios ◽  
Polymerization Behavior

Free radical, cationic, and anionic initiators were investigated as possible agents for the polymerization of 2,6-dimethoxystyrene. Polymerization was observed in all three cases, with rapid cross-linking apparently occurring with the cationic catalyst. Attempts at copolymerization with styrene and with methyl methacrylate resulted in the formation of homopolymers of 2,6-dimethoxystyrene, in the cationic cases, and of methyl methacrylate in the anionic cases. Random copolymers were obtained in the anionic case with styrene and in the free radical case with both comonomers. Monomer reactivity ratios were calculated, and the polymerization behavior was interpreted in terms of the molecular structure of 2,6-dimethoxystyrene.

Measurement of activity coefficient at infinite dilution for some bio-oil components in water and mass transfer study of bubbles in the dilutor

2015 ◽  
Vol 392 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saad Qureshi ◽  
Petri Uusi-Kyyny ◽  
Dominique Richon ◽  
Kaj Nikiforow ◽  
Ville Alopaeus
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Activity Coefficient ◽  
Infinite Dilution ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Components ◽  
Transfer Study

Integration of Thermal Treatment and Catalytic Transformation for Upgrading Biomass Pyrolysis Oil

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Valle ◽  
Ana Guadalupe Gayubo ◽  
Alaitz Atutxa ◽  
Ainhoa Alonso ◽  
Javier Bilbao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Coke Deposition ◽  
Catalytic Transformation ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Components

The upgrading of bio-oil by catalytic transformation upon acidic catalysts is aimed at adapting its composition to that of conventional fuel, or at obtaining petrochemical raw materials, such as olefins and aromatics. A further alternative of growing interest for bio-oil upgrading is catalytic reforming for obtaining H2. The viability of any of these alternatives requires minimizing both the plugging problems that arise in the reactor when the bio-oil is fed and the rapid deactivation of the catalyst, which are associated with the thermal degradation of the lignocellulosic components. In this paper, the catalytic transformation of bio-oil (obtained by fast pyrolysis of vegetable biomass) in a fluidized bed reactor upon a Ni-HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst has been studied, and special attention has been paid to the design of the feed preheating zone. Operation in a single-unit (U-shaped steel tube) for the thermal treatment of the bio-oil (in the downward zone of the U-tube) and its catalytic transformation (in a fluidized bed located in the upward zone of the U-tube) has been compared with operation in a two-unit system, where both steps are carried out in separate units connected through a thermostated line (U-shaped tube for thermal treatment, followed by a fluidized bed reactor for catalytic transformation). It has been proven that a separate step of thermal treatment prior to the catalytic transformation notably improves the global process of bio-oil upgrading. Firstly, it contributes to minimizing coke deposition on the acidic catalyst, mainly the deposition of "thermal" coke (which is associated with the thermal degradation of the bio-oil components at high temperatures), leading to an important attenuation of catalyst deactivation. Secondly, the bio-oil components degraded in the thermal treatment can subsequently be subjected to another upgrading treatment (by steam activation or pyrolysis) in order to obtain a high quality char, which involves upgrading the entire bio-oil.

Influence of Pyrolysis Operating Conditions on Bio-Oil Components: A Microscale Study in a Pyroprobe

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 1191-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchithra Thangalazhy-Gopakumar ◽  
Sushil Adhikari ◽  
Ram B. Gupta ◽  
Sandun D. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Components

scholarly journals Recyclabl Metal (Ni, Fe) Cluster Designed Catalyst for Cellulose Pyrolysis to Upgrade Bio-Oil

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1160
Author(s):  
Siyi Li ◽  
Dan Yu ◽  
Shuo Cheng ◽  
Jeffrey S. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Catalyst Structure ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Components ◽  
Materials Studio

A new recyclable catalyst for pyrolysis has been developed by combining calculations and experimental methods. In order to understand the properties of the new cluster designed catalysts, cellulose (a major component of plants) as a biomass model compound was pyrolyzed and catalyzed with different cluster designed catalysts. The NiaFeb (2 ≤ a + b ≤ 6) catalyst clusters structures were calculated by using Gaussian and Materials Studio software to determine the relationships between catalyst structure and bio-oil components, which is essential to design cluster designed catalysts that can improve bio-oil quality. GC-MS analysis of the bio-oil was used to measure the effects on the different catalyst interactions with cellulose. It was found that the NiFe cluster designed catalysts can increase the yield of bio-oil from 35.8% ± 0.9% to 41.1% ± 0.6% and change the bio-oil composition without substantially increasing the water content, while substantially decreasing the sugar concentration from 40.1% ± 1.3% to 27.5% ± 0.9% and also producing a small amount of hydrocarbon compounds. The catalyst with a high Ni ratio also had high Gibbs free energy, ΔG, likely also influencing the decrease of sugar and acid while increasing the ketone concentrations. These results indicate the theoretical calculations can enhance the design next-generation cluster designed catalysts to improve bio-oil composition based upon experiments.

Effects of hydrochloric acid washing on the microstructure and pyrolysis bio-oil components of sweet sorghum bagasse

2019 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyu Chen ◽  
Dongxiao Gao ◽  
Sergio C. Capareda ◽  
Shunchao Huang ◽  
Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Sweet Sorghum Bagasse ◽  
Acid Washing ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Sorghum Bagasse ◽  
Oil Components

Upgrading of Lignin-Derived Bio-oil Components Catalyzed by Pt/γ-Al2O3: Kinetics and Reaction Pathways Characterizing Conversion of Cyclohexanone with H2

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Saidi ◽  
Parisa Rostami ◽  
Mohammad Reza Rahimpour ◽  
Bruce C. Gates ◽  
Sona Raeissi
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Pathways ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Components
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