A novel alkali and cosolvent thickening mechanism for latex

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 8984-8992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lang He ◽  
Yue Yu ◽  
Zhengwei Cai ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
Xinlin Hong
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Acrylic Latex

In this study, alkali-swellable acrylic latex (resin) and coalescent ethylene glycol butyl ether were combined to thicken the coating without the use of any thickeners.

Relative Volatilities of Ester and Amine Forms of 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Grover
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Amine Salts

The relative volatilities of various technical and formulated ester and amine salts of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] were determined in a closed air-flow system consisting of a volatilization chamber and an ethylene glycol trap. The system was operated at a flow rate of 28.8 L/hr and a temperature of 30 C. Trapped herbicide vapor was analyzed by gas chromatography. The relative volatilities of technical gradeiso-propyl, butyl, propylene glycol butyl ether, andiso-octyl esters, were 56, 25 to 38, 4, and 1, respectively. The relative volatilities of various formulated esters and amines were of the magnitude of 440:33:1 for the high volatile, low volatile, and amine salts, respectively.

PREPARATION OF THE ETHERS OF VINYL ALCOHOL

1932 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 464-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Diethylene Glycol ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Vinyl Methyl ◽  
Vinyl Ethers ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Vinyl Methyl Ether ◽  
Alkyl Ethers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dialkyl Ethers

The simple vinyl alkyl ethers are readily prepared from the β-bromo-ethyl ethers by the action of solid sodium hydroxide. Besides the vinyl ethers, the dialkyl ethers of diethylene glycol are formed in these reactions. β-Bromo-ethers are obtainable from the mono-ethers of ethylene glycol through the use of phosphorus tribromide. The constants of several vinyl ethers are given for the first time. The preparation of vinyl methyl ether, a gas at room temperature, and of vinyl n-butyl ether, b.p. 93.3 °C., is described.

scholarly journals Modelling and optimization of metals (As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, and Pb) and Ethylene glycol butyl ether in paints using response surface method

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-190
Author(s):  
A. F. I. Apanpa-Qasim ◽  
A. O. Adeyi ◽  
Sharvari Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Response Surface Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Principal Component Analyses ◽  
Modelling And Optimization

Response surface methodology (RSM) and principal component analyses (PCA) modelling tools have been used in this study to quantitatively describe the interaction effects of more than one factor on system response for the modelling and optimization of experimental data. In Nigeria, there are no stringent policies in place by the government on paint production and this has led to unregulated paint products by producers in the commercial markets. Water-based paints currently available in Nigerian market were sampled. Experimental data of Metals (As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, and Pb) and Ethylene glycol butyl ether (Volatile organic compounds (VOC)) measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) and Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionisation Detector (GC-FID), respectively was used to develop a mathematical model. The principal component analyses were explained with a cumulative variance of 82% for the VOC and 76% for metals based on manufacturers. Estimated responses were compared with the experimentally determined responses and prediction capabilities of Response Surface Methodology. In the RSM, the 2 developed model had R value of 0.9569, with optimized value at 0.10 % (1000ppm) of Ethylene glycol butyl ether and concentration (ppm) ranges of As (383.0-1,930.0), Ca (614.0-10,400.0), Cd (98.0-2,000.0), Cr (10.3- 225.0), Cu (133.0-1,840.0), Fe 742.0-2,910.0, Mg (4,000.0-99,510.0), Pb (170.0-3,230.0). The correlation and optimization study employed are applicable for assessing the impact of hazardous air pollutants on indoor air quality and a good applicability in paint industries to produce products within the set limit of international standards. For the purpose of reducing sick building syndrome and protecting public health, it was important to investigate paints and sealers extensively. Keywords: VOCs; Paint; metals; Ethylene glycol butyl ether; Response Surface Method

Biology and Control of Tall Ironweed (Vernonia altissima)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Mann ◽  
Steven W. Rosser ◽  
William W. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Buried Seeds ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
And Control ◽  
Ether Ester ◽  
Plant Germination

Tall ironweed (Vernonia altissimaNutt.) is a perennial with underground, axillary vegetative buds from which new shoots are produced. In a 2-yr study, tall ironweed plants averaged 6115 seeds/plant. Germination of buried seeds increased with increased time of burial. Foliar herbicide applications were evaluated for control of tall ironweed plants in the pre- to early-bud stages of growth. The triethylamine salt or ethylene glycol butyl ether ester of triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy] acetic acid} was the most effective, providing 93 to 90% control of top growth and regrowth of tall ironweed. The butoxyethanol and propylene glycol butyl ether esters of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] alone and in combination with the amine salt of triclopyr also provided excellent control.

Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium in the Water-Methyl tert-Butyl Ether-Nitromethane-Ethylene Glycol System

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 983-995
Author(s):  
Vladimír Kubíček ◽  
Josef P. Novák ◽  
Jaroslav Matouš
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Quaternary System ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Methyl Tert Butyl Ether ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Ternary Parameters

The liquid-liquid equilibrium was measured at 20 °C in the title quaternary system and in the three nitromethane-containing ternary subsystems. The data were compared with those predicted by a superposition of the Wilson and Redlich-Kister equations including the ternary parameters. The agreement between the observed and calculated data is very good both for the quaternary system and for the three ternary systems.

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