Hydrolytic liquefaction of hydrolysis lignin for the preparation of bio-based rigid polyurethane foam

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2385-2398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nubla Mahmood ◽  
Zhongshun Yuan ◽  
John Schmidt ◽  
Matthew Tymchyshyn ◽  
Chunbao (Charles) Xu
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Hydrolysis Lignin ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Ethanol Mixture ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foams

Hydrolysis lignin (HL) was liquefied employing 50/50 (v/v) water–ethanol mixture for the preparation of bio-based polyols/rigid polyurethane foams.

scholarly journals Natural Oil-Based Rigid Polyurethane Foam Thermal Insulation Applicable at Cryogenic Temperatures

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4276
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Uram ◽  
Aleksander Prociak ◽  
Laima Vevere ◽  
Ralfs Pomilovskis ◽  
Ugis Cabulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Cryogenic Temperatures ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Foam Material ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Natural Oil ◽  
Cryogenic Insulation

This paper presents research into the preparation of rigid polyurethane foams with bio-polyols from rapeseed and tall oil. Rigid polyurethane foams were designed with a cryogenic insulation application for aerospace in mind. The polyurethane systems containing non-renewable diethylene glycol (DEG) were modified by replacing it with rapeseed oil-based low functional polyol (LF), obtained by a two-step reaction of epoxidation and oxirane ring opening with 1-hexanol. It was observed that as the proportion of the LF polyol in the polyurethane system increased, so too did the apparent density of the foam material. An increase in the value of the thermal conductivity coefficient was associated with an increase in the value of apparent density. Mechanical tests showed that the rigid polyurethane foam had higher compressive strength at cryogenic temperatures compared with the values obtained at room temperature. The adhesion test indicated that the foams subjected to cryo-shock obtained similar values of adhesion strength to the materials that were not subjected to this test. The results obtained were higher than 0.1 MPa, which is a favourable value for foam materials in low-temperature applications.

Polyol from spent coffee grounds: Performance in a model pour-in-place rigid polyurethane foam system

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 630-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sendijarevic ◽  
Karol W Pietrzyk ◽  
Christi M. Schiffman ◽  
Vahid Sendijarevic ◽  
Alper Kiziltas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Coffee Grounds

The objective of this study was to produce a polyol from spent coffee grounds via acid liquification process that meets performance requirements for use in polyurethane applications. The spent coffee grounds based polyol was characterized and evaluated on a fully catalyzed model rigid polyurethane foam system. The pH of the polyol was 6.8, acid value 4.12 mg KOH/g, and hydroxyl value 302.6 mg KOH/g, which are in the range of polyols used in rigid polyurethane foams. The reactivity study confirmed enhanced reactivity of the spent coffee grounds polyol compared to standard sucrose-glycerol initiated polyether polyols, which can be attributed to higher content of primary reactive hydroxyls. Scanning electron microscopy microphotographs of the foams prepared with 10%, 20%, and 30% spent coffee grounds polyol based on total polyols in the formulation revealed a drained dodecahedron type cell structure with intact cell windows as a clear indication of the closed cell structure typical for the rigid polyurethane foams used in thermal insulation applications. Results of this study confirmed the feasibility to produce polyols from spent coffee grounds with performance characteristics suitable for polyurethane application. The fact that spent coffee grounds are readily available industrial waste generated in instant coffee manufacturing, makes this biomass residue a sustainable source of raw materials for scalable production of polyols for polyurethanes.

Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-Based Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Varying Amount of Blowing Agent

2019 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 346-350
Author(s):  
Jessalyn C. Grumo ◽  
Lady Jaharah Y. Jabber ◽  
Arnold A. Lubguban ◽  
Rey Y. Capangpangan ◽  
Arnold C. Alguno
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Average Cell Size ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Blowing Agent

We report on the rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) with varying amount of blowing agent. The effects of blowing agent in the formation of polyurethane will be characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. SEM images revealed that varying the amount of blowing agent will significantly change the surface morphology of the resulting RPUF. The average cell size of the RPUF increases with increasing amount of blowing agent. Moreover, FTIR results revealed the presence of functional group related to formation of urethane bonds such as N-H, C=O, C=N and C-O-C stretching suggesting that polyurethane foam was successfully synthesized. This simple and straightforward process of RPUF using water as blowing agent will be economical.

Preparation of open cell rigid polyurethane foams and modified with organo-kaolin

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-447
Author(s):  
Guojian Wang ◽  
Tao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Compressive Property ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Cell Opening

The open cell rigid polyurethane foam (ORPUF) was prepared by adding chemical cell openers including O-500 and AK-9903. The FTIR results of cell openers and open cell rate of ORPUFs showed that O-500 has more effective cell opening capacity. In the ORPUF foaming formulation using O-500 as cell opener, silane coupling agent (KH-550) modified kaolin (organo-kaolin) was introduced into ORPUF with different weight loadings. The cellular morphology, apparent density, and compressive strength of the foams were tested in order to investigate the effects of organo-kaolin on the open cell rate and compressive property of the foams. The results showed that the open cell rate of ORPUFs slightly increased from 83.9% to 92.9% with the content of organo-kaolin. Meanwhile, compared to neat ORPUF, the compressive strength of foams increased by 72.8% when the content of introduced organo-kaolin was 4 parts per hundred of polyol by mass (php).

The effects of N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol on the flame retardancy and physical–mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foams

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daikun Jia ◽  
Yi Tong ◽  
Jin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Initial Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Upper Limit

Flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams incorporating N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol have been prepared. After adding N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol, the density and compressive strength of the polyurethane foams were seen to decrease. The flame retardancy of the polyurethane foams has been characterized by limiting oxygen index, upper limit–94, and cone calorimeter tests. The polyurethane foam with 2.27 wt% N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol gave a highest limiting oxygen index of 33.4%, and the peak heat release rate of polyurethane foam reduced to 19.5 kW/m2 from 47.6 kW/m2 of PU-0 without N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol. Upper limit–94 revealed N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol did not change the burning rating, and all polyurethane foams had passed V-0 rating. The thermal stability of polyurethane foams has been investigated by thermogravimetric analyzer. N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol significantly increased the initial decomposition temperature of polyurethane foams and their residues. In addition, the morphology of residual char from the flame-retarded polyurethane foams after cone calorimeter tests has also been characterized by digital photographs. The results indicated that N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol significantly enhanced the strength and compatibility of the char layer formed by the polyurethane foams. These results indicate that N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol can improve both the quality and quantity of the char, which has a significant effect on the flame-retardant properties of the foam.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Fire Safety and Smoke Safety of Bio–Based Rigid Polyurethane Foam via Inserting a Reactive Flame Retardant Containing P@N and Blending Silica Aerogel Powder

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2140
Author(s):  
Guangxu Bo ◽  
Xiaoling Xu ◽  
Xiaoke Tian ◽  
Jiao Wu ◽  
Yunjun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Silica Aerogel ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Total Heat Release ◽  
Building Insulation ◽  
Reactive Flame Retardant

Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) are widely used in many fields, but they are easy to burn and produce a lot of smoke, which seriously endangers the safety of people’s lives and property. In this study, tetraethyl(1,5–bis(bis(2–hydroxypropyl)amino)pentane–1,5–diyl)bis(phosphonate) (TBPBP), as a phosphorus–nitrogen–containing reactive–type flame retardant, was successfully synthesized and employed to enhance the flame retardancy of RPUFs, and silica aerogel (SA) powder was utilized to reduce harmful fumes. Castor oil–based rigid polyurethane foam containing SA powder and TBPBP was named RPUF–T45@SA20. Compared with neat RPUF, the obtained RPUF–T45@SA20 greatly improved with the compressive strength properties and the LOI value increased by 93.64% and 44.27%, respectively, and reached the V–0 rank of UL–94 testing. The total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) of RPUF–T45@SA20 were, respectively, reduced by 44.66% and 51.89% compared to those of the neat RPUF. A possible flame–retardant mechanism of RPUF–T45@SA20 was also proposed. This study suggested that RPUF incorporated with TBPBP and SA powder is a prosperous potential composite for fire and smoke safety as a building insulation material.

Function of silicon oil in the castor oil based rigid polyurethane foams

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 875-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raminder Kaur ◽  
Mukesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Silicon Oil ◽  
Foam Properties ◽  
Packed Structure ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Rigid polyurethane foams are one of the most important cellular plastics. Castor oil was modified with glycerol to form the polyol and reacted with methyl diisocyanate and different proportions of silicon oil to achieve rigid polyurethane foam. Prepared foam was tested for its density and mechanical properties. It was found that compressive and flexural strength was improved with silicon oil content. The morphology of the resulted foams was also studied using scanning electron microscope, and it was observed that the cell size was reduced with silicon oil content, indicating a more dense and packed structure. With further increase in the silicon oil content, foam properties showed a slight decrease in value.

Analysis of the Development and Application of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Material

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 4319-4322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Sheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Foam Material ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
To Come ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Development Prospects

Due to its excellent performance, the rigid polyurethane has been widely used in the building construction nowdays. This paper introduces what is rigid polyurethane foam and its main chemical constituents of the composition and principle, describes the main properties of rigid polyurethane foams and its present application status and development prospects, to provide reference for further development and research of the rigid polyurethane foam in the days to come.

scholarly journals Nitrogen/phosphorus synergistic flame retardant-filled flexible polyurethane foams: microstructure, compressive stress, sound absorption, and combustion resistance

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (37) ◽  
pp. 21192-21201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Ting Li ◽  
Mengfan Xing ◽  
Hongyang Wang ◽  
Shih-Yu Huang ◽  
Chengeng Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Heat Insulation ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Flexible Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Synergistic Flame Retardant ◽  
Flexible Polyurethane ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Compared with a rigid polyurethane foam, a flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) has more diversified applications including filtration, sound absorption, vibration-proofing, decoration, packaging, and heat insulation.

scholarly journals Fly Ash as an Eco-Friendly Filler for Rigid Polyurethane Foams Modification

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6604
Author(s):  
Monika Kuźnia ◽  
Anna Magiera ◽  
Beata Zygmunt-Kowalska ◽  
Katarzyna Kaczorek-Chrobak ◽  
Kinga Pielichowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Polyurethane Composites ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

There is currently a growing demand for more effective thermal insulation materials with the best performance properties. This research paper presents the investigation results on the influence of two types of filler on the structure and properties of rigid polyurethane foam composites. Fly ash as a product of coal combustion in power plants and microspheres of 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.%, were used as rigid polyurethane foams modifiers. The results of thermal analysis, mechanical properties testing, and cellular structure investigation performed for polyurethane composites show that the addition of fly ash, up to 10 wt.%, significantly improved the majority of the tested parameters. The use of up to 20 wt.% of microspheres improves the mechanical and thermal properties and thermal stability of rigid polyurethane foams.

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