scholarly journals Observability of anammox activity in single-stage nitritation/anammox reactors using mass balances

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarina Schielke-Jenni ◽  
Kris Villez ◽  
Eberhard Morgenroth ◽  
Kai M. Udert
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Mass Balances ◽  
Microbial Kinetics ◽  
Anammox Activity

Theoretically, mass balances based on microbial kinetics allow the determination of the activity of anammox bacteria (AMX) and heterotrophic bacteria (HET). In practise, the variance of the resulting activities is too high.

Determine the operational boundary of a pilot-scale single-stage partial nitritation/anammox system with granular sludge

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 2085-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yandong Yang ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyu Han ◽  
Shujun Zhang ◽  
Baikun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Microbial Analysis

The partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) process has been applied to ammonium-rich wastewater treatment, but the operational boundary has not been well determined for long-term stability. This pilot-scale study was targeted at a single-stage PN/A process using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) (volume: 53 m3) and granulated activated sludge. The maximum nitrogen removal rate reached 0.83 kg N/(m3 · d). Microbial analysis suggested that ammonium oxidizing bacteria were mainly present in small sludge flocs while anammox bacteria were prone to grow in large sludge granules. The PN/A performance was enhanced when dissolved oxygen (DO) was increased from 0.25 to 0.76 mg/L, and deteriorated at DO higher than 1.15 mg/L. The PN/A was inhibited at free ammonia (FA) over 77.0 mg/L. High DO or FA concentrations inhibited anammox activity and further induced high and inhibitory nitrite concentrations. Therefore, appropriate DO and FA concentrations should be controlled to achieve single-stage PN/A in SBRs.

Determination of the Pressure of the Barium I‐II Transition with Single‐Stage Piston‐Cylinder Apparatus

1967 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 4557-4564 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Haygarth ◽  
I. C. Getting ◽  
G. C. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Single Stage ◽  
Piston Cylinder

scholarly journals Temperature modulates stress response in anammox reactors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Niederdorfer ◽  
Damian Hausherr ◽  
Alejandro Palomo ◽  
Jing Wei ◽  
Paul Magyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Stress Susceptibility

AbstractAutotrophic nitrogen removal by anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria is an energy-efficient nitrogen removal process in wastewater treatment. However, full-scale deployment under mainstream conditions remains challenging for practitioners due to the high stress susceptibility of anammox bacteria towards fluctuations in dissolved oxygen and temperature. Here, we investigated the response of microbial biofilms with verified anammox activity to oxygen shocks under favorable and cold temperature regimes. Genome-centric metagenomics and metatranscriptomics were used to investigate the stress response on various biological levels. We show that temperature regime and strength of oxygen perturbations induced divergent responses from the process level down to the transcriptional profile of individual taxa. Temperature induced distinct transcriptional states in compositionally identical communities and transient pulses of dissolved oxygen resulted in the upregulation of stress-response only under favorable temperatures. Anammox species and other key biofilm taxa display different transcriptional responses to the induced stress regimes.

Performance and inhibition recovery of anammox reactors seeded with different types of sludge

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Q. Ni ◽  
J. Meng
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

In order to study the performance, inhibition and recovery processes of different types of anammox sludge, three up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors were inoculated with flocculent sludge, granular sludge, and cultured inactive methanogenic granules. During stable period, with nitrogen loading rates of 0.9–1.1 kg/m3/d, the total nitrogen removal efficiencies of these reactors averaged at 86.5%, 90.8% and 93.5%, respectively. The kinetics study indicated that the reactor seeded with cultured inactive methanogenic granules possessed the highest nitrogen removal potential, followed by the granular anammox reactor and the flocculent anammox reactor. The study suggested that a concentration as high as 988.3 mg NH4+-N/L and 484.4 mg NO2−-N/L could totally inhibit granular anammox bacteria and result in a inhibition of 50% flocculent anammox activity. In addition, reactors seeded with flocculent sludge and anammox granules could be fully recovered by decreasing their influent substrate concentrations. However, the decrease of influent substrate concentration for the reactor with cultured inactive methanogenic granules could only restore about 75% of its bacterial activity. In this study, anammox bacteria purity was the major factor to evaluate the recovery ability in comparison with sludge type. Free ammonia was a more appropriate indicator for the anammox recovery process compared to free nitric acid.

Determination of the separation efficiencies of a single-stage cryogenic distillation setup to remove krypton out of xenon by using a 83mKr tracer method

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 115104 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rosendahl ◽  
E. Brown ◽  
I. Cristescu ◽  
A. Fieguth ◽  
C. Huhmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Stage ◽  
Tracer Method ◽  
Cryogenic Distillation

The short- and long-term inhibitory effects of Fe (II) on anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) process

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1860-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherh Yih Mak ◽  
Jih Gaw Lin ◽  
Wen Hsing Chen ◽  
Choon Aun Ng ◽  
Mohammed J. K. Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Substrate Inhibition ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Batch Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Anammox Process

Abstract The application of the anammox process has great potential in treating nitrogen-rich wastewater. The presence of Fe (II) is expected to affect the growth and activity of anammox bacteria. Short-term (acute) and long-term effects (chronic) of Fe (II) on anammox activity were investigated. In the short-term study, results demonstrated that the optimum concentration of Fe (II) that could be added to anammox is 0.08 mM, at which specific anammox activity (SAA) improved by 60% compared to the control assay, 0.00 mM. The inhibition concentration, IC50, of Fe (II) was found to be 0.192 mM. Kinetics of anammox specific growth rate were estimated based on results of the batch test and evaluated with Han-Levenspiel's substrate inhibition kinetics model. The optimum concentration and IC50 of Fe (II) predicted by the Han-Levenspiel model was similar to the batch test, with values of 0.07 mM and 0.20 mM, respectively. The long-term effect of Fe (II) on the performance of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was evaluated. Results showed that an appropriate Fe (II) addition enhanced anammox activity, achieving 85% NH4+-N and 96% NO2−-N removal efficiency when 0.08 mM of Fe (II) was added. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was adopted to detect and identify the anammox bacteria.

scholarly journals Physiological characteristics of the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium ‘Candidatus Brocadia sinica’

Microbiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 1706-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Oshiki ◽  
Masaki Shimokawa ◽  
Naoki Fujii ◽  
Hisashi Satoh ◽  
Satoshi Okabe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Nitrite Reduction ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Phylogenetic Affiliation ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Rate Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

The present study investigated the phylogenetic affiliation and physiological characteristics of bacteria responsible for anaerobic ammonium oxidization (anammox); these bacteria were enriched in an anammox reactor with a nitrogen removal rate of 26.0 kg N m−3 day−1. The anammox bacteria were identified as representing ‘Candidatus Brocadia sinica’ on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of rRNA operon sequences. Physiological characteristics examined were growth rate, kinetics of ammonium oxidation and nitrite reduction, temperature, pH and inhibition of anammox. The maximum specific growth rate (μmax) was 0.0041 h−1, corresponding to a doubling time of 7 days. The half-saturation constants (K s) for ammonium and nitrite of ‘Ca. B. sinica’ were 28±4 and 86±4 µM, respectively, higher than those of ‘Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans’ and ‘Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis’. The temperature and pH ranges of anammox activity were 25–45 °C and pH 6.5–8.8, respectively. Anammox activity was inhibited in the presence of nitrite (50 % inhibition at 16 mM), ethanol (91 % at 1 mM) and methanol (86 % at 1 mM). Anammox activities were 80 and 70 % of baseline in the presence of 20 mM phosphorus and 3 % salinity, respectively. The yield of biomass and dissolved organic carbon production in the culture supernatant were 0.062 and 0.005 mol C (mol NH 4 + )−1, respectively. This study compared physiological differences between three anammox bacterial enrichment cultures to provide a better understanding of anammox niche specificity in natural and man-made ecosystems.

Effect of heterotrophic growth on nitritation/anammox in a single sequencing batch reactor

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai M. Udert ◽  
Elija Kind ◽  
Mieke Teunissen ◽  
Sarina Jenni ◽  
Tove A. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Growth ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Heterotrophic Denitrification

The combination of nitritation and autotrophic denitrification (anammox) in a single sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is an energy efficient process for nitrogen removal from high-strength ammonia wastewaters. So far, the process has been successfully applied to digester supernatant. However, the process could also be suitable to treat source-separated urine, which has very high ammonium and organic substrate concentrations (up to 8,200 gN/m3 and 10,000 gCOD/m3). In this study, reactor performance was tested for digester supernatant and diluted source-separated urine. Ammonium concentrations in both solutions were similar (between 611 and 642 gN/m3), thus reactor performance could be directly compared. Differences were mainly due to higher activity of heterotrophic bacteria in urine. Nitrogen removal was slightly higher for source-separated urine, because heterotrophic bacteria denitrified the nitrate that was produced by anammox bacteria. In spite of higher heterotrophic growth with source-separated urine, calculated sludge concentrations at steady state were higher with digester supernatant due to accumulation of inert particulate organic matter from the influent. Although the sludge concentrations are less problematic for source-separated urine, process instabilities are more likely, because lower pH values are reached and heterotrophic denitrification can cause sudden increases of nitrite concentrations and/or nitric oxide. Both compounds inhibit aerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria, heterotrophic bacteria and, most importantly, anammox bacteria. Nitrite and nitric oxide production by heterotrophic denitrification must be better understood to optimize nitritation/anammox for source-separated urine.

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