Influence of biochar on sorption, leaching and dissipation of bisphenol A and 17α-ethynylestradiol in soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1722-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Xu ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Guangcai Tan ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Hongyuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Sorption Leaching ◽  
Biochar Amendment

Biochar amendment significantly enhanced the sorption of BPA and EE2 in soil to reduce their mobility and environmental risks.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of distinct activated carbon and biochar amendment effects on petroleum vapour biofiltration in soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1260-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled M. Bushnaf ◽  
George Mangse ◽  
Paola Meynet ◽  
Russell J. Davenport ◽  
Olaf A. Cirpka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Phase Liquid ◽  
Biochar Amendment

We studied the effects of two percent by weight activated carbonversusbiochar amendments in 93 cm long sand columns on the biofiltration of petroleum vapours released by a non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) source.

Distribution of 14C-labelled Atrazine, Methoxychlor, Glyphosate, and Bisphenol-A in Goldfish Studied by Whole-Body Autoradiography (WBARG)

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Rouleau ◽  
Jagmohan Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Whole Body Autoradiography ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Uveal Tract ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Freeze Dried

Abstract Nonpersistent contaminants represent thousands of chemicals used as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, additives, etc. Because of this diversity, the assessment of the environmental risks they may pose for the environment represents a formidable task. Identification of target organs is key information needed to orient further research on newlyinvestigated organic xenobiotics. We used whole-body autoradiography to visualize the distribution of 14C-labelled atrazine, methoxychlor, glyphosate, and bisphenol-A in goldfish (Carassius auratus) and identify target organs. Fish were exposed for 2 days (glyphosate and bisphenol-A) and 7 days (atrazine and methoxychlor) to the radiolabelled compounds at a concentration of 15 nM. They were then frozen, embedded in carboxymethylcellulose gel, 20-μm-thick cryosections were collected, freeze-dried, and exposed to phosphor screens to visualize the tissue distribution of radioactivity. Goldfish did not accumulate glyphosate. The three other compounds were accumulated, mostly in the gall bladder. Nevertheless, unforeseen accumulation sites were observed; atrazine accumulated in the uveal tract of the eye, high levels of radioactivity were found in the cerebrospinal fluid of goldfish exposed to methoxychlor, and an important accumulation of bisphenol-A was seen in urine, oral mucosa, esophagus, and intestinal lumen. The potential toxicological consequences of the accumulation of these chemicals at very specific locations within the fish body are discussed and further research suggested.

scholarly journals Effect of Freeze–Thaw Cycles on Phosphorus Fractions and Their Availability in Biochar-Amended Mollisols of Northeast China (Laboratory Experiment)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Han ◽  
Xiangwei Chen ◽  
Byoungkoo Choi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Soil P Fractions ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Biochar Amendment

Freeze–thaw cycles stimulate the release of available soil phosphorus (P) in winter, and biochar as a soil amendment could improve P availability. Nevertheless, it is unclear how freeze–thaw cycles and biochar amendment interact to affect the soil P fractions and their availability in winter, particularly under different soil water conditions. We simulateda freeze–thaw cycle experimentto assess the effects of three factors on soil P fractions: soil moisture content (22%, 31%, and 45%), frequencies of freeze–thaw cycles (0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 times) and biochar amendment (soil and biochar-amended soil). Modified Hedley sequential P fractionation was conducted to measure the soil P fractions. Increasing the number of freeze–thaw cycles increased soil labile P fractions in the soil with the lowest moisture content (22%). After biochar amendment, the content of labile P decreased as the number of freeze–thaw cycles increased. Biochar amendment enhanced P availability in Mollisols owing to the direct effect of NaOH-Po, which has a large direct path coefficient. Principal components analysis showed that moisture content was a major factor influencing the variation in the P fractions. The P fractions were separated by the interactive effects of biochar amendment and freeze–thaw cycles in soils with a higher moisture content (45%), indicating that the effects of freeze–thaw cycles on P availability appear to be more pronounced in biochar-amended Mollisols of higher water contents.

scholarly journals Suppression of the environmental risks of lead in cropland soil using biomass ash and its modified product

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 1740-1745
Author(s):  
Hongyu Liu ◽  
Zhuangwei Zhou ◽  
Yujie Zhang ◽  
Ningyi Chen ◽  
Jingyan Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Biomass Ash ◽  
Soil P

Biomass ash and its modified product have great potential as useful amendments to suppress the environmental risks of lead in soil.

scholarly journals Responsible Precautions for Uncertain Environmental Risks

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kip Viscusi ◽  
Joel Huber ◽  
Jason Bell
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Ambiguity Aversion ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Uncertain Future

AbstractUncertain future risks pose cognitive and analytical challenges to household decision makers. Risks with uncertain probabilities, coupled with potentially severe outcomes pose problems for decision-making and are prone to overreactions. Imprecision in risk estimates generates behavioral distortions such as ambiguity aversion. This article presents new empirical results indicating household overvaluations of uncertain threats posed by several drinking water risks: traces of prescription drugs in drinking water, plastic water bottles with bisphenol-A, and the weed killer atrazine in drinking water. Negative reactions reflect responses to ambiguous risks, but policies driven by these concerns may misallocate regulatory resources due to risk conservatism and “no-regrets” responses.

scholarly journals Contrasted Effects of Biochar on Maize Growth and N Use Efficiency Depending on Soil Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaohong Zhu ◽  
Xinhua Peng ◽  
Taiqing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Crop Growth ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
The Other ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use ◽  
Biochar Amendment

Abstract Biochar amendment may improve crop growth through its nutrients and indirect fertility. However, this improvement varies in a wide range of biochars, crops, and soils. Our objectives were to determine the response of crop growth to biochar amendment and to assess the N use efficiency relative to the biochar and the soil types. In this pot experiment, we investigated five typical agricultural soils in China amended with two biochars. Four treatments were designed: the soil itself as a control, the soil amended with 1% biochar, the soil with fertilizer NPK, and the soil with added biochar and fertilizer. Biochar amendment increased the maize biomass and the N use efficiency in the red soil (p<0.05) but not in the other four soils (p>0.05). In the red soil, the biomass under biochar+NPK was 2.67-3.49 times higher than that of only NPK, and 1.48-1.62 times higher than that of only biochar amendment, 21-36 and 35-42% of which were contributed from biochar fertility and indirect fertility, respectively. This study indicates that biochar amendment is very plausible for the red soil but has a minor or even negative effect on the other four soils in China.

scholarly journals Nutrients Leaching from Tillage Soil Amended with Wheat Straw Biochar Influenced by Fertiliser Type

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Cheng Huang ◽  
Xiuyun Sun ◽  
Lianjun Wang ◽  
Paul Storer ◽  
Kadambot H. M. Siddique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Soil P ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biochar Amendment

The co-application of biochar and fertiliser has emerged as a strategy for improving soil quality and crop growth; however, the impact of the type of fertiliser added with biochar to the soil on leaching and retention of nutrients is not well studied. In this study, a leaching experiment was undertaken using a series of column lysimeters incorporating a wheat straw biochar (WSB) and two fertiliser types—chemical fertiliser (CF), or rock mineral fertiliser (MF). The results showed that CF and MF leached a similar amount of NH4+ with or without WSB, but the NO3– leaching occurred from CF-treated soil which was decreased by CF + WSB application. In contrast, NO3– leaching was not affected by WSB in MF-treated soil. Both CF and MF with or without WSB increased the cumulative leaching of P and K. Nevertheless, WSB application increased soil P and K contents after leaching, which was attributed to intrinsic nutrient release from biochar. Shoot growth and P and K uptake also increased with biochar amendment, whereas root growth and N uptake did not change. Therefore, the results highlight that biochar addition can improve nutrient retention and plant growth by reducing nutrient leaching, mainly dependent on biochar and fertiliser type combination used. It suggests that the adsorption properties of biochar for nutrient retention and subsequent release need to know before their broad application to soils as amendments.

scholarly journals Could biochar amendment be a tool to improve soil availability and plant uptake of phosphorus? A meta-analysis of published experiments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitsum Tesfaye ◽  
Xiaoyu Liu ◽  
Jufeng Zheng ◽  
Kun Cheng ◽  
Rongjun Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Available P ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Soil Available P ◽  
Biochar Amendment

AbstractAs one of the most important nutrients for plant growth, phosphorus was often poorly available in soil. While biochar addition induced improvement of soil structure, nutrient and water retention as well as microbial activity had been well known, and the effect of biochar soil amendment (BSA) on soil phosphorus availability and plant P uptake had been not yet quantitatively assessed. In a review study, data were retrieved from 354 peer-reviewed research articles on soil available P content and P uptake under BSA published by February 2019. Then a database was established of 516 data pairs from 86 studies with and without BSA in agricultural soils. Subsequently, the effect size of biochar application was quantified relative to no application and assessed in terms of biochar conditions, soil conditions, as well as experiment conditions. In grand mean, there was a significant and great effect of BSA on soil available P and plant P uptake by 65% and 55%, respectively. The effects were generally significant under manure biochar, biochar pyrolyzed under 300 °C, soil pH <5 and fine-textured soil, and soils that are very low in available P. Being significantly correlated to soil P availability (R2=0.29), plant P uptake was mostly enhanced with vegetable crops of high biomass yield. Overall, biochar amendment at a dosage up to 10 t ha−1 could be a tool to enhance soil availability and plant uptake of phosphorus, particularly in acid, heavy textured P-poor soils.

Probing the Chemistry and Spectroscopy of Radiation-Sensitive Polymers by Parallel-Detection EELS

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
E. G. Rightor ◽  
G. P. Young
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Parallel Detection ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Incident Electron Beam ◽  
Ptfe Sample ◽  
Spectroscopic Information ◽  
Edge Features ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Investigation of neat polymers by TEM is often thwarted by their sensitivity to the incident electron beam, which also limits the usefulness of chemical and spectroscopic information available by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) for these materials. However, parallel-detection EELS systems allow reduced radiation damage, due to their far greater efficiency, thereby promoting their use to obtain this information for polymers. This is evident in qualitative identification of beam sensitive components in polymer blends and detailed investigations of near-edge features of homopolymers.Spectra were obtained for a poly(bisphenol-A carbonate) (BPAC) blend containing poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) using a parallel-EELS and a serial-EELS (Gatan 666, 607) for comparison. A series of homopolymers was also examined using parallel-EELS on a JEOL 2000FX TEM employing a LaB6 filament at 100 kV. Pure homopolymers were obtained from Scientific Polymer Products. The PTFE sample was commercial grade. Polymers were microtomed on a Reichert-Jung Ultracut E and placed on holey carbon grids.

Bisphenol A

2011 ◽  
pp. 053111130856
Author(s):  
Stephen Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A
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