scholarly journals Long-term non-invasive interrogation of human dorsal root ganglion neuronal cultures on an integrated microfluidic multielectrode array platform

The Analyst ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (18) ◽  
pp. 5346-5357 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Enright ◽  
S. H. Felix ◽  
N. O. Fischer ◽  
E. V. Mukerjee ◽  
D. Soscia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Microelectrode Array ◽  
Multielectrode Array ◽  
Neuronal Cultures ◽  
Primary Neurons ◽  
Chemical Exposures ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Array Platform

Electrophysiology measurements from human primary neurons after repeated chemical exposures are enabled with an integrated microfluidic and microelectrode array device.

Delta/Notch signaling promotes formation of zebrafish neural crest by repressing Neurogenin 1 function

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (11) ◽  
pp. 2639-2648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Cornell ◽  
Judith S. Eisen
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Primary Neurons ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

In zebrafish, cells at the lateral edge of the neural plate become Rohon-Beard primary sensory neurons or neural crest. Delta/Notch signaling is required for neural crest formation. ngn1 is expressed in primary neurons; inhibiting Ngn1 activity prevents Rohon-Beard cell formation but not formation of other primary neurons. Reducing Ngn1 activity in embryos lacking Delta/Notch signaling restores neural crest formation, indicating Delta/Notch signaling inhibits neurogenesis without actively promoting neural crest. Ngn1 activity is also required for later development of dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons; however, Rohon-Beard neurons and dorsal root ganglion neurons are not necessarily derived from the same precursor cell. We propose that temporally distinct episodes of Ngn1 activity in the same precursor population specify these two different types of sensory neurons.

Encoding mechanisms for sensory neurons studied with a multielectrode array in the cat dorsal root ganglion

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 757-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
R B Stein ◽  
Y Aoyagi ◽  
D J Weber ◽  
S Shoham ◽  
R A Normann
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Microelectrode Array ◽  
Polar Coordinates ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Array Technology ◽  
Sensory Encoding ◽  
Angular Coordinates

Recent advances in microelectrode array technology now permit a direct examination of the way populations of sensory neurons encode information about a limb's position in space. To address this issue, we recorded nerve impulses from about 100 single units simultaneously in the L6 and L7 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of the anesthetized cat. Movement sensors, placed near the hip, knee, ankle, and foot, recorded passive movements of the cat's limb while it was moved pseudo-randomly. The firing rate of the neurons was correlated with the position of the limb in various coordinate systems. The firing rates were less correlated to the position of the foot in Cartesian coordinates (x, y) than in joint angular coordinates (hip, knee, ankle), or in polar coordinates. A model was developed in which position and its derivatives are encoded linearly, followed by a nonlinear spike-generating process. Adding the nonlinear portion significantly increased the correlations in all coordinate systems, and the full models were able to accurately predict the firing rates of various types of sensory neurons. The observed residual variability is captured by a simple stochastic model. Our results suggest that compact encoding models for primary afferents recorded at the DRG are well represented in polar coordinates, as has previously been suggested for the cortical and spinal representation of movement. This study illustrates how sensory receptors encode a sense of limb position, and it provides a general framework for modeling sensory encoding by populations of neurons.Key words: sensory, encoding, multielectrode, dorsal root ganglion, cutaneous, muscle.

scholarly journals Computer analysis of organelle translocation in primary neuronal cultures and continuous cell lines.

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 562-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
A C Breuer ◽  
C N Christian ◽  
M Henkart ◽  
P G Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neuronal Cultures ◽  
Primary Neuronal Cultures ◽  
Continuous Cell Lines ◽  
Nomarski Differential Interference Contrast ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
Chick Spinal Cord

Organelle translocation in a number of cell types in tissue culture as seen by high-resolution Zeiss-Nomarski differential interference contrast optics was filmed and analyzed by computer. Principal cell types studied included primary chick spinal cord, chick dorsal root ganglion, ratbrain, and various clones of continuous cell lines. Organelle translocations in all cell types studied exhibited frequent, large changes in velocity during any one translocation. The appearance of particles as seen with Nomarski optics was correlated with their fine structures in one dorsal root ganglion neurite by fixing the cell as it was being filmed and obtaining electron micrographs of the region filmed. This revealed the identity of several organelles as well as the presence of abundant neurotubules but no neurofilaments. Primary cell cultures exhibited more high-velocity organelle movements than continuous cell lines. The net progress of an organelle in a given direction was greater in primary neuronal cells than in fibroblasts or continuous cell lines. These findings are correlated with the literature on organelle translocation and axoplasmic transport.

scholarly journals Development of Heat Hyperalgesia and Changes of TRPV1 and NGF Expression in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Following Joint Immobilization

2013 ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. NISHIGAMI ◽  
Y. OSAKO ◽  
M. IKEUCHI ◽  
K. YURI ◽  
T. USHIDA
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Wrist Joint ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Drg Neurons ◽  
Limb Immobilization ◽  
Heat Hyperalgesia

The aim of this study was to examine whether threshold to heat stimuli, and expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid1 (TRPV1) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) altered under conditions of long-term limb immobilization. A plastic cast was wrapped around the right limb from the forearm to the forepaw to keep wrist joint at 90° of flexion for 5 weeks. Heat hyperalgesia was tested using the plantar test at 6 h after removing cast. The rats were perfused transcardially with 4 % paraformaldehyde and DRGs were excised at 24 h after removing cast. For size distributions of the TRPV1-IR and NGF-IR neuronal profile, the DRG area measurements over 1000 DRG neurons per animal were measured in each side, on both the immobilized (ipsilateral) and contralateral sides. Ipsilateral withdrawal latency was significantly shorter than contralateral sides. Ipsilateral percentage of immunoreactive neurons in the total DRG neurons was significantly higher than contralateral sides in TRPV1-IR and NGF-IR. Long-term casting induced heat hyperalgesia, and up-regulation and phenotypic change of TRPV1-IR and NGF-IR in DRGs on the immobilized side. These DRG alterations may involve heat hyperalgesia after long-term limb immobilization.

scholarly journals Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation for the Management of Chronic Neuropathic Pain: A Retrospective Case Series during Four Years follow-up in a Single Center

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Alfonso Papa ◽  
Elisabetta Saracco ◽  
Maria Teresa Di Dato ◽  
Pietro Buonavolontà ◽  
Anna Maria Salzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Chronic Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Neuropathic Pain Syndrome

Objectives: The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is involved in the transduction of pain signals to the central nervous system (CNS) and undergoes a number of physiopathological changes during chronic pain. The purpose of this data collection was to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of DRG stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain and its impact on functional aspects. Materials and Methods: Forty-four subjects with non-reactive chronic neuropathic pain syndrome were implanted with DRG stimulation. Patients were evaluated at baseline as well as at 15, and 30 days, and at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months after medical intervention/surgery using the Visual Analogic Scale (VAS), which measures pain intensity, and the Oswestry Scale, for the estimation of disability (ODI). Results: After four years of simulation, VAS and ODI showed a statistically significant reduction throughout the follow-up period. The average pain relief obtained after 48 months of treatment was 74.1% ± 3.4. Conclusion: The results of this data collection demonstrate the feasibility of DRG stimulation, the correspondence between the clinical indications at the DRG implant and what is commonly found in the literature on this technique.(18,20) Patients defined as clinical responders to DRG stimulation and so implanted with definitive IPG showed a sustained and long term efficacy. Eight patients had previously been implanted with a traditional SCS without any clinically relevant efficacy; they were then explained for unsatisfactory results. Six of them (75%) were later implanted with DRG, with long-term effectiveness. Another advantage of this therapy is the absence of positional effects and lead migration. The adverse events proved to be independent of the anatomical level of insertion; moreover, this series of cases show a lower incidence of lead migration than reported in the literature. In summary, DRGs have been ignored for too long, probably due to the technical difficulty of reaching their deep, almost extra-spinal anatomical position.

Alternative Dorsal Root Ganglion Neuromodulation Electrode Implantation: A Report of 2 Cases with 3 Different Techniques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Carsten Schultheis ◽  
Christian Wille ◽  
Nikolas Eugenio Ross-Steinhagen ◽  
Dirk De Ridder ◽  
Tim Vancamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Percutaneous Technique ◽  
Percutaneous Approach ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Transforaminal Approach ◽  
Implantation Techniques ◽  
Interventional Pain Therapy ◽  
Therapy Center

Abstract Background and Study Aims The traditional percutaneous placement of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) electrodes may not be eligible for every patient. In this tertiary spine surgery and interventional pain therapy center, alternative neurostimulation implantation techniques were developed and applied where standard percutaneous approaches failed or were contraindicated. Case presentation Three alternative implantation techniques can be used: (1) open surgical placement of DRG leads, (2) two-lead insertion via a lateral to medial transforaminal approach (level L3), and (3) percutaneous approach with two leads close to the spinal nerves L4 (peripheral nerve stimulation). Results The placement of the leads occurred without complications and resulted in similar expected outcomes as with the common percutaneous technique with long-term stable pain suppression at 7 months and 1 year. Conclusions In patients in whom the DRG cannot be approached by the standard percutaneous approach, at least three alternatives may be used in experienced hands resulting in stable pain suppression of similar magnitude.

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