scholarly journals Effect of diselenide administration in thioacetamide-induced acute neurological and hepatic failure in mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvio Terra Stefanello ◽  
Edovando José Flores da Rosa ◽  
Fernando Dobrachinski ◽  
Guilherme Pires Amaral ◽  
Nélson Rodrigues de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Hepatic Failure ◽  
Acute Hepatic Failure ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Mortality

Hepatic encephalopathy is a common complication of severe acute hepatic failure and has been associated with high short-term mortality rates.

scholarly journals Fatal neurological complication after liver transplantation in acute hepatic failure patient with hepatic encephalopathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Joo-Yun Kim ◽  
Hyun-Su Ri ◽  
Ji-Uk Yoon ◽  
Eun-Ji Choi ◽  
Hye-Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Hepatic Failure ◽  
Neurological Complication ◽  
Acute Hepatic Failure

scholarly journals Hepatic Encephalopathy: From the Pathogenesis to the New Treatments

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Cordoba
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Hepatic Dysfunction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Short Term Mortality ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
New Treatments

Hepatic encephalopathy is a frequent and serious complication of liver cirrhosis; the pathophysiology of this complication is not fully understood although great efforts have been made during the last years. There are few prospective studies on the epidemiology of this complication; however, it is known that it confers with high short-term mortality. Hepatic encephalopathy has been classified into different groups depending on the degree of hepatic dysfunction, the presence of portal-systemic shunts, and the number of episodes. Due to the large clinical spectra of overt EH and the complexity of cirrhotic patients, it is very difficult to perform quality clinical trials for assessing the efficacy of the treatments proposed. The physiopathology, clinical manifestation, and the treatment of HE is a challenge because of the multiple factors that converge and coexist in an episode of overt HE.

scholarly journals Analysis of the causes of death in HIV-infected individuals in 2008-2010 according to the data of the clinical infectious diseases hospital named after S.P. Botkin, St. Petersburg

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
A G Rakhmanova ◽  
A A Yakovlev ◽  
M I Dmitrieva ◽  
T N Vinogradova ◽  
A A Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Concomitant Disease ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Short Term Mortality

Aim. To analyse the causes of death of individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after S.P. Botkin in 2008-2010 taking into account the timing of disease, comorbidities, and clinical and laboratory data. Methods. The study included 439 HIV-infected individuals, who died in the Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after S.P. Botkin in 2008-2010. Two groups of patients were identified: deaths from HIV/AIDS (n=306) and from other diseases (n=133, HIV infection was considered to be a concomitant disease). In both groups, analyzed were the short-term mortality rates, the presence of drugs and/or alcohol dependency, and the main causes of death (according to autopsy results). Results. In the group of patients who died of HIV-infection/AIDS and who did not receive antiretroviral therapy, generalized tuberculosis was diagnosed most often (65.7% of cases). Other rare diseases were pneumocystis pneumonia, cryptococcosis, cerebral toxoplasmosis, generalized fungal infection, cerebral lymphoma, and cytomegalovirus infection. The most frequent causes of death in the group of patients whose HIV-infection was considered to be a concomitant diseases were chronic viral hepatitis in the cirrhotic stage (42.9%) and septic thromboendocarditis, which were mainly diagnosed in social maladjusted patients: patients with alcoholism or intravenous drugs users. During evaluation of the short-term mortality rates it was established that 21 to 29% of patients in different years died on the 1st-3rd day after admission, which was related to extremely severe conditions of the patients. In Russia, including St. Petersburg, an annual increase in the number of new cases of HIV infection and increased mortality are registered, which indicates the severity of the epidemic and makes it possible to predict the increase in the number of patients requiring hospital treatment. Conclusion. The main causes of death among HIV-infected individuals in 2008-2010 were generalized tuberculosis and chronic viral hepatitis in the stage of cirrhosis; the high index of short-term mortality among HIV-infected patients suggests the need for measures for early detection of HIV-positive individuals and their medical examination, as well as an increase in the number of beds in order to provide specialized care to HIV-infected individuals in St. Petersburg.

scholarly journals Short-Term Mortality and Retention Associated with Tagging Age-0 Walleye Using Passive Integrated Transponders Without Anesthesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-401
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Dembkowski ◽  
Daniel A. Isermann ◽  
Greg G. Sass
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Pelvic Girdle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponders ◽  
Short Term Mortality ◽  
Pit Tagging

Abstract The ability to individually mark juvenile fishes has important implications for fisheries management. For example, marking age-0 Walleye Sander vitreus could provide important information not provided by batch-marking, including individual variation in growth and estimates of length-dependent survival and recruitment. However, the relatively small size of age-0 Walleye in northern temperate lakes has precluded use of many common tagging methods that provide information on individual fish (e.g., various anchor tags, jaw tags). Consequently, we evaluated short-term mortality and retention associated with using 12-mm passive integrated transponders (PITs) to mark age-0 Walleye (total length range = 93–216 mm; mean total length = 157 mm) by conducting 48-h within-lake net-pen trials and 7-d hatchery trials during September–October of 2015 and 2016. We did not anesthetize age-0 Walleye prior to PIT tagging. Our assessment allowed us to determine whether post-tagging mortality and PIT retention varied in relation to implant location (i.e., body cavity or pelvic girdle), fish length, and water temperature. During 2015, mean 48-h mortality rate of age-0 Walleye tagged with PITs in the body cavity was low (mean = 7%; SE = 3%) and did not differ from that of fish marked with only a fin clip (mean = 4%; SE = 2%) and reference fish (mean = 2%; SE = 1%). During 2016, mean mortality rates ranged from 2% (reference fish) to 6% (PIT inserted into pelvic girdle) and did not differ among treatments. During both years, mortality rates for nearly all treatments were highest (> 13%) when water temperatures were ≥ 20°C, but decreased below 5% when water temperatures were ≤ 17°C. During 2016, dead age-0 Walleye in both PIT treatments were smaller than fish that survived. During the 7-d hatchery trials, mean mortality rates were higher for age-0 Walleye with PITs inserted into the body cavity (mean = 13%; SE = 4%) than fish that received a PIT in the pelvic girdle (mean = 4%; SE = 1%) and reference fish (mean = 4%; SE = 2%). Retention of PITs was high (> 96%) during all net-pen and hatchery trials. Collectively, our results suggest that fisheries personnel can use PITs to tag age-0 Walleye without anesthesia with the expectations of high initial retention and low mortality. Mortality rates may be minimized by implanting PITs into the pelvic girdle when water temperatures are ≤ 17°C.

P4620Circulating concentration of presepsin improves early prediction of short-term mortality in patients treated at medical cardiac intensive care units

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ishii ◽  
H Takahashi ◽  
T Nishimura ◽  
H Kawai ◽  
T Muramatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Baseline Model ◽  
Short Term Mortality ◽  
Cardiac Intensive Care

Abstract Background Presepsin, a subtype of soluble CD14, is an inflammatory marker, which largely reflects monocytic activation. Presepsin appears to be an accurate diagnostic marker of sepsis, but its clinical significance remains unclear in cardiovascular disease. Purpose This prospective study aimed to investigate the predictive value of plasma presepsin levels on admission to medical (non-surgical) cardiac intensive care units (MCICUs) for short-term mortality. Methods We examined 1560 patients hospitalized in MCICUs and measured the baseline plasma presepsin levels at admission. Results Acute coronary syndrome was present in 46% of the patients, and acute decompensated heart failure in 36%. Before MCICUs admission, emergent coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in 36%, mechanical ventilation was required for respiratory insufficiency in 2.1%, and intraaortic balloon pumps were needed for hemodynamic instability in 8.9%. During 6 months after admission, there were 113 (7.2%) deaths. Patients who died were older (median: 77 vs. 71 years, P<0.0001); had higher levels of presepsin (263 vs. 119 pg/mL, P<0.0001), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP: 696 vs. 186 pg/mL, P<0.0001), high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT: 81 vs. 47 pg/mL, P=0.004), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (13.8 vs. 2.2 mg/L, P<0.0001); and had lower levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (50 vs. 65 mL/min/1.73m2, P<0.0001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (43% vs. 51%, P<0.0001) than those of the survivors. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, higher levels of presepsin (P=0.0002), BNP (P=0.04), and hsTnT (P=0.009) were all independent predictors of 6-month deaths. Quartiles of presepsin levels were associated with higher mortality rates within 6 months after admission (Table). Adding presepsin levels to a baseline model that included established risk factors, BNP, and hsTnT further enhanced reclassification (P=0.004) and discrimination (P=0.003) beyond that of the baseline model. Mortality rates according to presepsin Presepsin quartile 1st 2nd 3rd 4th P value ≤80 pg/mL 81–124 pg/mL 125–232 pg/mL >232 pg/mL 1-month mortality 0.8% 2.0% 3.3% 8.0% <0.0001 6-month mortality 0.8% 3.8% 8.2% 16.3% <0.0001 Conclusions Presepsin levels at admission could improve the prediction of short-term mortality in patients hospitalized at MCICUs.

A comparative study to determine the short-term mortality and clinical improvement in hepatic encephalopathy using either rifaximin and or lactulose

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Uttam Biswas ◽  
Shyamal Kanti Pal ◽  
Pallabi Ray Chaudhuri ◽  
Debanjan Roychowdhury ◽  
Abhranil Dhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Precipitating Factors ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Short Term Mortality

Background: Hepatic encephalopathy can be reversed by correcting precipitating factors and efficiently managed by lactulose and or rifaximin. Aims and Objective: The aim of this study to compare the effectiveness of three different modes of treatment in our study populations. Materials and Methods: Ninety patients of decompensated chronic liver diseases were selected and randomised to treat with either lactulose or rifaximin or both lactulose and rifaximin (30 patients in each group) for 7 days. Clinical outcome and short term mortality were noted in each group of treatment. This study was to review the comparison of the effectiveness of Rifaximin (1200mg/day , in 3 divided doses ) alone or in combination with Lactulose (60gram/day ,in divided doses) or Lactulose (60gram/day) alone to reduce the short term mortality and clinical improvement in hepatic encephalopathy of any grade of any cause in adult (>18 years) admitted patients of decompensated chronic liver diseases. Result: Clinical improvement was noted in all three modes of treatment but there is no statistically significant difference in clinical improvement of hepatic encephalopathy when compared amongst each of three modes of treatment. There was obvious reduction of short term mortality or clinical down gradation of hepatic encephalopathy grade after 7 days treatment using lactulose or rifaximin or combined lactulose and rifaximin but there was no statistically significant difference in this regard among these three modes of treatment. Conclusion: All three modes of treatment are equally effective though combination therapy is little better.

scholarly journals 2200. Cost-effectiveness of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam for Treating Ventilated Nosocomial Bacterial Pneumonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S749-S750
Author(s):  
Jaesh Naik ◽  
Joe Yang ◽  
David Elsea ◽  
Simone Critchlow ◽  
Laura Puzniak
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Treatment Setting ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Short Term Mortality

Abstract Background Ventilated, hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (vHABP/VABP) are associated with high rates of antibiotic resistance and high morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) has shown non-inferiority to meropenem for treating HABP/VABP in a Phase III trial, ASPECT-NP. This study evaluates cost-effectiveness of C/T against meropenem in treating HABP/VABP. Methods We developed a model consisting of a short-term decision tree (reflecting the in-hospital period) followed by a long-term Markov structure (capturing lifetime costs and outcomes). Patient characteristics and clinical efficacy were informed by subjects in ASPECT-NP who received any dose of study drugs. Susceptibility was based on the Program to Assess C/T Susceptibility surveillance database. Second-line and salvage treatment were added to resemble real-world treatment patterns and used to calculate overall clinical cure and mortality rates based on results from a network meta-analysis. We analyzed two clinical scenarios: (1)”confirmed treatment’ in which C/T or meropenem is used after pathogen susceptibility is known; (2) ‘initial treatment’ of high-risk patients before susceptibility is known. Model outcomes include, percentage clinically cured, short-term mortality, direct medical costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Sensitivity analyses (SAs) were conducted to test the robustness of results. Results In the confirmed treatment setting, C/T had a higher cure rate (5.0 percentage points, the same below), lower short-term mortality (−5.1%), cost more ($2,728), and yielded higher lifetime QALYs (0.61) than meropenem ($4,472/QALY gained). In the initial treatment setting, C/T sustained a better clinical performance (9.5% more cure, −6.8% mortality, 1.16 more QALYs), yet cost less than meropenem (−$5,662) due to better susceptibility. The response and mortality rates from ASPECT-NP had the greatest impact on results. SAs showed that the result of C/T being cost-effective over meropenem was generally robust. Conclusion The results indicate that, compared with meropenem, C/T could be a cost-effective option for patients with vHABP/VABP in the US setting. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Contemporary incidence and mortality rates of kidney cancer in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Gandaglia ◽  
Praful Ravi ◽  
Firas Abdollah ◽  
Abd-El-Rahman M. Abd-El-Barr ◽  
Andreas Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Short Term Mortality ◽  
Adjusted Incidence

Introduction: This is a timely update of incidence and mortality for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the United States.Methods: Relying on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we computed age-adjusted incidence, mortality rates and 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) for patients with histologically confirmed kidney cancer between 1975 and 2009. Long-term (1975–2009) and short-term (2000–2009) trends were examined by joinpoint analysis, and quantified using the annual percent change (APC). The reported findings were stratified according to disease stage.Results: Age-adjusted incidence rates of RCC increased by +2.76%/year between 1975 and 2009 (from 6.5 to 17.1/100 000 person years, p < 0.001), and by +2.85%/year between 2000 and 2009 (p < 0.001). For the same time points, the corresponding APC for the incidence of localized stage were +4.55%/year (from 3.0 to 12.2/100 000 person years, p < 0.001), and +4.42%/year (p < 0.001), respectively. The incidence rates of regional stage increased by +0.88%/year between 1975 and 2009 (p < 0.001), but stabilized in recent years (2000–2009: +0.56%/year, p = 0.4). Incidence rates of distant stage remained unchanged in long- and short-term trends. Overall mortality rates increased by +1.72%/year between 1975 and 2009 (from 1.2 to 5.0/100 000 person-years, P<0.001), but stabilized between 1994 and 2004 (p = 0.1). Short-term mortality rates increased in a significant fashion by +3.14%/year only for localized stage (p < 0.001).Interpretation: In contemporary years, there is a persisting upward trend in incidence and mortality of localized RCC.

scholarly journals MP54-11 COMPARISON OF READMISSION AND SHORT-TERM MORTALITY RATES BETWEEN DIFFERENT TYPES OF URINARY DIVERSION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING RADICAL CYSTECTOMY

2017 ◽  
Vol 197 (4S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Nahar ◽  
Tulay Koru-Sengul ◽  
Nachiketh Soodana Prakash ◽  
Vivek Venkatramani ◽  
Feng Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Cystectomy ◽  
Urinary Diversion ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Short Term Mortality

Biochemical Mechanisms of Hepatic Encephalopathy

1983 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Crossley ◽  
E. N. Wardle ◽  
Roger Williams
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Hepatic Failure ◽  
Acute Hepatic Failure ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Neuronal Membranes ◽  
Common Effect ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Neurotransmitter Balance ◽  
Biochemical Abnormalities

Although there are similarities between the encephalopathy of acute hepatic failure and that due to cirrhosis, it is clear that some of the biochemical abnormalities arise in different ways and the relative roles of the various factors contributing to the production of encephalopathy may differ. in addition, in fulminant hepatic failure, changes in the permeability of the blood—brain barrier may enhance the effects of biochemical abnormalities and this may also be important in the genesis of cerebral oedema, which commonly complicates this form of encephalopathy. When considering encephalopathy complicating cirrhosis, it is important to recognize that the latter can be precipitated by a variety of insults each of which may lead to encephalopathy. Most research has concentrated on the accumulation in the blood of ‘toxic’ substances normally metabolized by the liver. Although no single toxin has yet been identified which alone can be responsible for hepatic encephalopathy, excess ammonia, mercaptans, fatty acids and an abnormal plasma amino acid profile have been incriminated in its pathogenesis. Irrespective of the ‘toxin’, three main pathogenetic mechanisms have been proposed to account for its action: (a) disturbed brain energy metabolism, (b) deranged neurotransmitter balance, (c) direct effects on neuronal membranes. These mechanisms are not regarded as mutually exclusive but have their final common effect of interrupting normal neurotransmission.

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