scholarly journals Switchable silver mirrors with long memory effects

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 596-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chihyun Park ◽  
Seogjae Seo ◽  
Haijin Shin ◽  
Bhimrao D. Sarwade ◽  
Jongbeom Na ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Memory Effect ◽  
Long Memory ◽  
Memory Effects ◽  
Metallic Film ◽  
Blocking Layer ◽  
Ito Electrode ◽  
Switchable Mirror ◽  
First Time

An electrochemically stable and bistable switchable mirror is achieved for the first time by introducing a thiol-modified ITO electrode to stabilize the metallic film and ionic liquids as an anion-blocking layer, to achieve a long memory effect.

Mapping the “Extra Solvent Power, ESP” of Ionic Liquids for Monomers, Polymers and Globular Nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Pomposo
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Linear Polymers ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Ionic Polymers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Solvent Power

Understanding the miscibility behavior of ionic liquid (IL) / monomer, IL / polymer and IL / nanoparticle mixtures is critical for the use of ILs as green solvents in polymerization processes, and to rationalize recent observations concerning the superior solubility of some proteins in ILs when compared to standard solvents. In this work, the most relevant results obtained in terms of a three-component Flory-Huggins theory concerning the “Extra Solvent Power, ESP” of ILs when compared to traditional non-ionic solvents for monomeric solutes (case I), linear polymers (case II) and globular nanoparticles (case III) are presented. Moreover, useful ESP maps are drawn for the first time for IL mixtures corresponding to case I, II and III. Finally, a potential pathway to improve the miscibility of non-ionic polymers in ILs is also proposed.

scholarly journals Searching for long memory effects in time series of central Europe stock market indices

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-200
Author(s):  
Luboš Střelec
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Long Memory ◽  
Hurst Exponent ◽  
Financial Time Series ◽  
Memory Effects ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Independent Process

This article deals with one of the important parts of applying chaos theory to financial and capital markets – namely searching for long memory effects in time series of financial instruments. Source data are daily closing prices of Central Europe stock market indices – Bratislava stock index (SAX), Budapest stock index (BUX), Prague stock index (PX) and Vienna stock index (ATX) – in the period from January 1998 to September 2007. For analysed data R/S analysis is used to calculate the Hurst exponent. On the basis of the Hurst exponent is characterized formation and behaviour of analysed financial time series. Computed Hurst exponent is also statistical compared with his expected value signalling independent process. It is also operated with 5-day returns (i.e. weekly returns) for the purposes of comparison and identification nonperiodic cycles.

scholarly journals Development of cellulose-based polymeric structures using dual functional ionic liquids

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (62) ◽  
pp. 39278-39286
Author(s):  
Joana Galamba ◽  
Vítor D. Alves ◽  
Noémi Jordão ◽  
Luísa A. Neves
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Dissolution ◽  
Dual Functional ◽  
First Time ◽  
Polymeric Structures

Carboxylate ionic liquids combining benzethonium and didecyldimethylammonium as cations have been explored to be used for the first time as dual functional solvents for microcrystalline cellulose dissolution and, subsequently development of polymeric structures.

scholarly journals Stable and Oriented Liquid Crystal Droplets Stabilized by Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 6044
Author(s):  
Efthymia Ramou ◽  
Guilherme Rebordão ◽  
Susana I. C. J. Palma ◽  
Ana C. A. Roque
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
State Of Matter ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sds Surfactant

Liquid crystals represent a fascinating intermediate state of matter, with dynamic yet organized molecular features and untapped opportunities in sensing. Several works report the use of liquid crystal droplets formed by microfluidics and stabilized by surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). In this work, we explore, for the first time, the potential of surface-active ionic liquids of the imidazolium family as surfactants to generate in high yield, stable and oriented liquid crystal droplets. Our results show that [C12MIM][Cl], in particular, yields stable, uniform and monodisperse droplets (diameter 74 ± 6 µm; PDI = 8%) with the liquid crystal in a radial configuration, even when compared with the standard SDS surfactant. These findings reveal an additional application for ionic liquids in the field of soft matter.

Brønsted acidic ionic liquid-catalyzed dehydrative formation of isosorbide from sorbitol: introduction of a continuous process

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 2065-2073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Deng ◽  
Bao-Hua Xu ◽  
Yao-Feng Wang ◽  
Xian-En Mo ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Efficient Synthesis ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquids ◽  
First Time

A highly efficient synthesis of isosorbide from sorbitol was developed using Brønsted acidic ionic liquids (BILs) as the catalyst for the first time.

An Analysis of Long Memory in Volatility for Asian Stock Markets

2000 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 309-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin Chung ◽  
William T. Lin ◽  
Soushan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Memory Effect ◽  
Long Memory ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Size Distortion ◽  
Asset Return ◽  
Semiparametric Method ◽  
Aggregation Size ◽  
And Shifts

One of the important questions in studies of asset return and volatility has been how long the effects of shocks persist. In this article, the modified R/S statistic of Lo (1991) and the robust semiparametric method of Lobato and Robinson (1997) are applied to investigate the long memory properties in return and volatility of Asian financial markets. For the return series, we find little evidence of long memory, while the empirical results support the hypothesis of long memory in volatility for Asia-Pacific stock markets. We also discuss the possible causes of spurious long memory effect in volatility, namely aggregation, size distortion, and shifts in variance. Our empirical evidence shows that spurious long memory effect in volatility might occur as a result of shifts in variance for some Asian stock markets.

Application of novel ionic liquids for reverse atom transfer radical polymerization of methacrylonitrile without any additional ligand

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1880-1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hou Chen ◽  
Yanfeng Meng ◽  
Ying Liang ◽  
Zixuan Lu ◽  
Pingli Lv
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
Additional Ligand ◽  
Rapid Reaction ◽  
Living Nature ◽  
First Time

Reverse atom transfer radical polymerization of methacrylonitrile (MAN) initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was approached for the first time in the absence of any ligand in four novel ionic liquids, 1-methylimidazolium acetate ([mim][AT]), 1-methylimidazolium butyrate ([mim][BT]), 1-methylimidazolium caproate ([mim][CT]), and 1-methylimidazolium heptylate ([mim][HT]). The polymerization in [mim][AT] not only showed the best control of molecular weight and its distribution but also provided a more rapid reaction rate with the ratio of [MAN]:[FeCl3]:[AIBN] at 300:2:1. The block copolymer PMAN-b-PSt was obtained via a conventional ATRP process in [mim][AT] by using the resulting PMAN as a macroinitiator. After simple purification, [mim][AT] and FeCl3 could be easily recycled and reused and had no effect on the living nature of reverse atom transfer radical polymerization of MAN.

Transition phenomena in diffusive motions due to the change of memory effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050013
Author(s):  
Dongmi Kim ◽  
Hyun-Joo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Memory Effect ◽  
Stochastic Models ◽  
Hurst Exponent ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Memory Effects ◽  
Replication Process ◽  
Normal Diffusion ◽  
Previous Step

In the anomalous diffusions, the transition phenomena from superdiffusion (or subdiffusion) to normal diffusion have been found in several experiments and studied by stochastic models. In this study, we found the diffusion transition which occurs twice in a stochastic process, first from superdiffusion to subdiffusion, and then from subdiffusion to normal diffusion by using the nonstationary Markovian replication process with the memory of the previous step exponentially decaying with time. In the early stage, when the walker strongly follows the previous step, superdiffusive behaviors occur, while in the intermediate stage in which the memory effect decays exponentially, the motion of the walker shows subdiffusive behaviors. Eventually, as the memory effect almost disappears, the motion reduces to normal diffusion. We also found that the Hurst exponent in the intermediate subdiffusive region becomes smaller when the change of the memory effect is more abrupt.

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