ortho-Quinone methide (o-QM): a highly reactive, ephemeral and versatile intermediate in organic synthesis

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (99) ◽  
pp. 55924-55959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Shankar Singh ◽  
Anugula Nagaraju ◽  
Namrata Anand ◽  
Sushobhan Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Reactive Intermediates ◽  
Quinone Methide ◽  
Quinone Methides ◽  
Comprehensive View

In this critical review, we provide a comprehensive view of the chemistry of ortho-quinone methides as versatile reactive intermediates in organic synthesis.

[4+n] Annulation Reactions Using ortho-Halomethyl Anilines as Aza-ortho-Quinone Methide Precursors

Synthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yu He ◽  
Yu-Hong Ma ◽  
Qing-Qing Yang ◽  
Wen-Jing Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Convenient Method ◽  
Reactive Intermediates ◽  
Quinone Methide ◽  
Synthetic Chemistry ◽  
Important Class ◽  
Quinone Methides ◽  
Aniline Derivatives

Aza-ortho-quinone methides are an important class of reactive intermediates, which have found broad applications in synthetic chemistry. Recently, 1,4-elimination of ortho-halomethyl aniline derivatives has emerged as a new powerful and convenient method for aza-ortho-quinone methide generation. This review will highlight their recent applications as aza-ortho-quinone methide precursors in annulation reactions to access various biologically important nitrogen-containing heterocycles. The general mechanisms are briefly discussed as well.

Quinone methide intermediates in organic photochemistry

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wan ◽  
Darryl W. Brousmiche ◽  
Christy Z. Chen ◽  
John Cole ◽  
Matthew Lukeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Reactive Intermediates ◽  
Intramolecular Proton Transfer ◽  
Quinone Methide ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Quinone Methides ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Related Compounds

Quinone methides are widely encountered reactive intermediates in the chemistry of phenols and related compounds. This paper summarizes our recent progress in uncovering new and general photochemical methods for forming quinone methides of various structural types in aqueous solution. Their mechanism of formation and subsequent chemistry are also discussed. New examples of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) have been uncovered in these studies. We have also discovered that appropriately designed biphenyls and terphenyls display photochemistry that is best rationalized by highly polarized and planar excited states of these ring systems, which can efficiently lead to the corresponding extended quinone methides.

scholarly journals Reactive intermediates. Some chemistry of quinone methides

2000 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 2299-2308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Chiang ◽  
A. J. Kresge ◽  
Y. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Acid Catalysis ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Reactive Intermediates ◽  
Quinone Methide ◽  
Carbonyl Carbon Atom ◽  
Carbonyl Carbon ◽  
Quinone Methides ◽  
Rate Determining Step ◽  
Energy Relationships ◽  
Acid Catalyzed

Quinone methides were produced in aqueous solution by photochemical dehydration of o-hydroxybenzyl alcohols (o-HOC6H4CHROH; R = H, C6H5, 4-CH3OC6H4), and flash photolytic techniques were used to examine their rehydration back to starting substrate as well as their interaction with bromide and thiocyanate ions. These reactions are acid-catalyzed and show inverse isotope effects (kH+/kD+ < 1), indicating that they occur through preequilibrium protonation of the quinone methide on its carbonyl carbon atom followed by rate-determining capture of the benzyl carbocations so formed by H2O, Br-, or SCN-. With some quinone methides (R = C6H5 and 4-CH3OC6H4) this acid catalysis could be saturated, and analysis of the data obtained in the region of saturation for the example with R = 4-CH3OC6H4 produced both the equilibrium constant for the substrate protonation step and the rate constant for the rate-determining step. Energy relationships comparing the quinone methides with their benzyl alcohol precursors are derived.

A new dehydrogenative [4 + 1] annulation between para-quinone methides (p-QMs) and iodonium ylides for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (23) ◽  
pp. 3483-3487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Jie Xiong ◽  
Shao-Qing Shi ◽  
Wen-Juan Hao ◽  
Shu-Jiang Tu ◽  
Bo Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Quinone Methide ◽  
Quinone Methides ◽  
Iodonium Ylides

A new dehydrogenative [4 + 1] annulation of para-quinone methides (p-QMs) with acyclic and cyclic iodonium ylides has been established, delivering a variety of functionalized 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans with the retention of the quinone methide unit in generally good yields.

Solvolysis and ring closure of quinone methides photogenerated from biaryl systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 1306-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijian Shi ◽  
Peter Wan
Keyword(s):  
Ring Closure ◽  
Quinone Methide ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Quinone Methides ◽  
Molecular Mechanics Calculations ◽  
Fluorescence Studies ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Thermal Chemistry ◽  
Nanosecond Laser Photolysis

A variety of biaryl quinone methides have been photogenerated with a range of efficiencies from biaryl precursors 4–6 and 8, 10, and 11, all having hydroxyl and hydroxymethyl substituents on alternate rings. These novel biaryl quinone methides, which cannot be readily generated via thermal chemistry, are trapped by added nucleophiles such as MeOH and ethanolamine; two that cannot undergo electrocyclic ring closure (from 8 and 11) are readily observable by nanosecond laser photolysis, with long wavelength maxima (λmax) of 600 and 520 nm, respectively. Photogenerated o,o′-biaryl quinone methides undergo electrocyclic ring closure to give the corresponding chromene (pyran) products in high yield. Since the precursor biaryl alcohols have highly twisted structures in the ground state (dihedral angle of up to 90° by molecular mechanics calculations), a significant twisting motion to planarity is required to achieve reaction. Using steady-state fluorescence studies, we present evidence to suggest that the mechanism of quinone methide formation may occur via one of the following mechanisms: (i) dissociation of the proton from ArOH that precedes twisting; or (ii) ArOH dissociation and twisting taking place either simultaneously or in quick succession.Key words: biaryl quinone methide, photosolvolysis, photodeprotonation, photocyclization.

Moving Past Quinone-Methides: Recent Advances toward Minimizing Electrophilic Byproducts from COS/H2S Donors

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Pluth
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Carbonyl Sulfide ◽  
Quinone Methide ◽  
Quinone Methides ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Recent Approach ◽  
Alternative Approaches

: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important biomolecule that plays key signaling and protective roles in different physiological processes. With the goals of advancing both the available research tools and the associated therapeutic potential of H2S, researchers have developed different methods to deliver H2S on-demand in different biological contexts. A recent approach to develop such donors has been to design compounds that release carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is quickly converted to H2S in biological systems by the ubiquitous enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA). Although highly diversifiable, many approaches using this general platform release quinone methides or related electrophiles after donor activation. Many such electrophiles are likely scavenged by water, but recent efforts have also expanded alternative approaches that minimize the formation of electrophilic byproducts generated after COS release. This mini-review focuses specifically on recent examples of COS-based H2S donors that do not generate quinone methide byproducts after donor activation.

7 Electrochemically Generated Nitrogen-Centered Radicals

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.-W. Hou ◽  
H.-C. Xu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Reactive Intermediates ◽  
Hydrogen Atom Abstraction ◽  
Addition Reactions ◽  
Electrochemical Generation ◽  
Nitrogen Containing Compounds

Nitrogen-centered radicals are versatile reactive intermediates for organic synthesis. This chapter describes recent progress in the electrochemical generation and reactions of nitrogen-centered radicals. Under electrochemical conditions, various nitrogen-centered radicals are generated through electrolysis of readily available precursors such as N—H bonds or azides. These reactive intermediates undergo addition reactions to π-systems or hydrogen-atom abstraction to generate various nitrogen-containing compounds.

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