A new two-stage separation procedure for the IDMS based quantification of low Pd and Pt amounts in automotive exhaust emissions

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Vogl ◽  
Christian Meyer ◽  
Maren Koenig ◽  
Dorit Becker ◽  
Janine Noordmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Separation Procedure ◽  
Automotive Exhaust ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Effective Separation ◽  
Stage Separation

A two-step separation procedure for the IDMS-analysis of Pd and Pt was developed enabling effective separation from interfering elements.

scholarly journals The Antarctic Stratospheric Aerosol Observation and Sample-Return System Using Two-Stage Separation Method of a Balloon-Assisted Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Ichiro Higashino ◽  
Masahiko Hayashi ◽  
Takuya Okada ◽  
Shuji Nagasaki ◽  
Koichi Shiraishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Separation Method ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Sample Return ◽  
Stage Separation ◽  
Rubber Balloon ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract. The authors have developed a system for the Antarctic stratospheric aerosol observation and sample-return using the combination of a rubber balloon, a parachute, and a gliding fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A rubber balloon can usually reach 20 km to 30 km in altitude, but it becomes difficult for the UAV designed as a low-subsonic UAV to directly glide back from the stratospheric altitudes because the quantitative aerodynamic characteristics necessary for the control system design at such altitudes are difficult to obtain. In order to make the observation and sample-return possible at such higher altitudes while avoiding the problem with the control system of the UAV, the method using the two-stage separation was developed and attempted in Antarctica. In two-stage separation method, the UAV first descends by a parachute after separating from the balloon at stratospheric altitude to a certain altitude wherein the flight control system of the UAV works properly. Then it secondly separates the parachute for autonomous gliding back to the released point on the ground. The UAV in which an optical particle counter and an airborne aerosol sampler were installed was launched on January 24, 2015 from S17 (69.028S, 40.093E, 607 m MSL) near Syowa Station in Antarctica. The system reached 23 km in altitude and the UAV successfully returned aerosol samples. In this paper, the details of the UAV system using the two-stage separation method including the observation flight results, and the preliminary results of the observation and analyses of the samples are shown.

Stage-Separation Aerodynamics of Two-Stage Space Transport Systems Part 2: Unsteady Simulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1240-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mochammad A. Moelyadi ◽  
Christian Breitsamter ◽  
Boris Laschka
Keyword(s):  
Transport Systems ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Stage Separation ◽  
Unsteady Simulation

scholarly journals Transient Characterization of Automotive Exhaust Emission from Different Vehicle Types Based on On-Road Measurements

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Ma ◽  
Lin Wu ◽  
Hong-jun Mao ◽  
Xiao-zhen Fang ◽  
Ning Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Automotive Exhaust ◽  
Nucleation Mode ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
High Emission

Previous works on real-world vehicle emission characteristics have mainly focused on the influences of fuel, speed, vehicle type, elevation, and other factors on vehicle emission quantity and components. However, few studies have investigated the transient trend of automotive exhaust emissions through on-road measurements. The key objective of the present paper was to examine the transient characteristics of exhaust emissions from different vehicle types on the roads of Tianjin. To achieve the goal, a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) was employed to monitor emissions from selected test vehicles—private cars, passenger vehicles, and cargo vehicles. It was found that the high-emission points of test vehicles were mainly distributed in two regions: the high-speed region (speed > 70–90 km/h, vehicle-specific power (VSP) > 0 kW/t) and the medium-speed–acceleration region (20–30 km/h < speed < 60–90 km/h, 0 kW/t <VSP < 12 kW/t). The CO, hydrocarbon (HC), NOx, and particulate number (PN) average emission rates in the high-emission points could be 3.15–14.93 times, 1.93–24.89 times, 3.23–6.03 times, and 3.22–30.27 times of those of average emission rates. The HC, NOx, and PN average emission rates of China IV vehicles in the high-emission points were 2.46–4.92 times, 3.56–6.03 times, and 3.22–13.21 times of those of average emission rates, not less than those of China III (1.93–2.52 times, 2.75–3.90 times, and 9.98–22.34 times). Test vehicles mainly emitted nucleation-mode and Aitken-mode particles, and the increase of the PN concentration emission rate in low-speed and high-speed regions was higher than that in the medium-speed region. The exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) + diesel particulate filter (DPF) could effectively inhibit the Aitken output caused by turbocharged intercooler (CIC). The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) might cause more nucleation-mode particles.

Isotachophoresis with ionic spacer and two-stage separation for high sensitivity DNA hybridization assay

The Analyst ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (11) ◽  
pp. 3117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charbel Eid ◽  
Giancarlo Garcia-Schwarz ◽  
Juan G. Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Hybridization Assay ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Stage Separation
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