scholarly journals Shining new light on the multifaceted dissociative photoionisation dynamics of CCl4

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (38) ◽  
pp. 20492-20499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonelle Harvey ◽  
Richard P. Tuckett ◽  
Andras Bodi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Theory ◽  
Internal Energy ◽  
Intersystem Crossing

Statisticality restored: high internal energy CCl4+ dissociates mostly according to statistical theory, and an intersystem crossing path precludes fluorescence.

Thermoelastic Behavior of Natural Rubber

1969 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-849
Author(s):  
Mitchel C. Shen ◽  
Donald A. McQuarrie ◽  
Julius L. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Theory ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Internal Energy ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Nonequilibrium Conditions ◽  
Exact Derivation

Abstract Stress—temperature measurements of natural rubber were carried out up to the elongation ratio, α, of 2.0. An automatic stress relaxometer was constructed for this purpose which can be completely enclosed in a controlled environment. Experiments were so conducted as to minimnze possible chemical effects and nonequilibrium conditions. Relative internal energy contribution to stress, fe/f, is calculated as a function of α in terms of statistical and thermodynamic theories. Both of these yield similar results. It is shown that in the region of low strains (1.0<α<1.5),fe/f decreases rapidly with increasing α, but appears to remain constant at 1.5<α<2.0. This observation is not in agreement with the prediction of the current statistical theory of rubber elasticity, which stipulates that the energy effects are intramolecular and independent of deformation. Implications of these findings are discussed. It is suggested that perhaps at low strains the intermolecular interactions are large in comparison with intramolecular energies, but become relatively insignificant at higher elongation ratios. The temperature coefficient of unperturbed chain dimensions is also calculated from thermoelastic data. It is constant only in the region 1.5<α<2.0. Finally, a new, more exact derivation of the Elliott—Lippmann anisotropy factor in terms of the statistical theory is given in the Appendix.

Challenges, Concerns, and Perspectives for Poland's Energy Transition during Global COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
Andrzej Lorkowski ◽  
Robert Jeszke
Keyword(s):  
Internal Energy ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Current Discussion ◽  
The Face ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Eu ◽  
At Home

The whole world is currently struggling with one of the most disastrous pandemics to hit in modern times – Covid-19. Individual national governments, the WHO and worldwide media organisations are appealing for humanity to universally stay at home, to limit contact and to stay safe in the ongoing fight against this unseen threat. Economists are concerned about the devastating effect this will have on the markets and possible outcomes. One of the countries suffering from potential destruction of this situation is Poland. In this article we will explain how difficult internal energy transformation is, considering the long-term crisis associated with the extraction and usage of coal, the European Green Deal and current discussion on increasing the EU 2030 climate ambitions. In the face of an ongoing pandemic, the situation becomes even more challenging with each passing day.

Deterministic Mechanism of Irreversibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 5708-5733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Michailovich Somsikov
Keyword(s):  
Internal Energy ◽  
Hamiltonian Systems ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Motion Equation ◽  
Holonomic Constraints ◽  
Dissipative Processes ◽  
Motion Energy ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
History Of ◽  
Material Points

The analytical review of the papers devoted to the deterministic mechanism of irreversibility (DMI) is presented. The history of solving of the irreversibility problem is briefly described. It is shown, how the DMI was found basing on the motion equation for a structured body. The structured body was given by a set of potentially interacting material points. The taking into account of the body’s structure led to the possibility of describing dissipative processes. This possibility caused by the transformation of the body’s motion energy into internal energy. It is shown, that the condition of holonomic constraints, which used for obtaining of the canonical formalisms of classical mechanics, is excluding the DMI in Hamiltonian systems. The concepts of D-entropy and evolutionary non-linearity are discussed. The connection between thermodynamics and the laws of classical mechanics is shown. Extended forms of the Lagrange, Hamilton, Liouville, and Schrödinger equations, which describe dissipative processes, are presented.

Statistical Theory of Ultrawideband Radiometric Devices and Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-65
Author(s):  
V. K. Volosyuk ◽  
◽  
V. F. Kravchenko ◽  
B.G. Kutuza ◽  
V. V. Pavlikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Theory
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