Polymorphism of felodipine co-crystals with 4,4′-bipyridine

CrystEngComm ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (29) ◽  
pp. 6603-6611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artem O. Surov ◽  
Katarzyna A. Solanko ◽  
Andrew D. Bond ◽  
Annette Bauer-Brandl ◽  
German L. Perlovich
Keyword(s):  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Solution Calorimetry ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Hirshfeld Surfaces ◽  
Channel Blocking ◽  
Polymorphic Forms ◽  
Hirshfeld Surfaces Analysis

The calcium-channel blocking agent felodipine forms co-crystals with 4,4′-bipyridine with 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 molar ratios. The co-crystal with 1 : 1 molar ratio exists in two polymorphic forms. The co-crystals polymorphism was investigated by X-ray diffraction, DSC, solution calorimetry and Hirshfeld surfaces analysis.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Methanol Using a Copper-Zirconia Imidazolate Framework

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Sonam Goyal ◽  
Maizatul Shima Shaharun ◽  
Ganaga Suriya Jayabal ◽  
Chong Fai Kait ◽  
Bawadi Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Oxidation Potential ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Enhanced Yield

A set of novel photocatalysts, i.e., copper-zirconia imidazolate (CuZrIm) frameworks, were synthesized using different zirconia molar ratios (i.e., 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mmol). The photoreduction process of CO2 to methanol in a continuous-flow stirred photoreactor at pressure and temperature of 1 atm and 25 °C, respectively, was studied. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized catalysts were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The highest methanol activity of 818.59 µmol/L.g was recorded when the CuZrIm1 catalyst with Cu/Zr/Im/NH4OH molar ratio of 2:1:4:2 (mmol/mmol/mmol/M) was employed. The enhanced yield is attributed to the presence of Cu2+ oxidation state and the uniformly dispersed active metals. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the reaction parameters. The predicted results agreed well with the experimental ones with the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99. The optimization results showed that the highest methanol activity of 1054 µmol/L.g was recorded when the optimum parameters were employed, i.e., stirring rate (540 rpm), intensity of light (275 W/m2) and photocatalyst loading (1.3 g/L). The redox potential value for the CuZrIm1 shows that the reduction potential is −1.70 V and the oxidation potential is +1.28 V for the photoreduction of CO2 to methanol. The current work has established the potential utilization of the imidazolate framework as catalyst support for the photoreduction of CO2 to methanol.

Cathode Material Li [Li0.2 Mn0.44Ni0.18Co0.18]O2 Synthesized by Molten Salt Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 981-984
Author(s):  
Guang Xin Fan ◽  
Hui Lian Li ◽  
Shu Pu Dai ◽  
Chuan Xiang Zhang ◽  
Xue Mao Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Molten Salt Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Constant Current Charge

In this paper, LiOH·H2O and Li2CO3, which were widely used in industry and (Mn0.533Co0.233Ni0.233) (OH)2prepared by ourselves selected as starting materials, series materials of lithium-rich layered material Li [Li0.2Mn0.44Ni0.18Co0.18]O2were obtained by a molten salt method. Their structures and properties of the materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and constant current charge/discharge methods. The effects of different LiOH and Li2CO3molar ratios on the Li [Li0.2Mn0.44Ni0.18Co0.18]O2structures and properties were characterized. The results of the experiments indicate that The structures of the material such as crystal structure, the specific area, particle size distribution, tap densities were controlled by adjusting the proportion of the two lithium sources. Forthermore , when the molar ratio of LiOH and Li2CO3was 3:7, the maximum discharge capacity (214.77 mAhg-1) of the cathode was obtained.

scholarly journals Liquid petroleum gas sensing performance enhanced by CuO modification of nanocrystalline ZnO-TiO2

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-581
Author(s):  
R.B. Pedhekar ◽  
F.C. Raghuwanshi ◽  
V.D. Kapse
Keyword(s):  
Thick Film ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Liquid Petroleum Gas ◽  
Synthesized Materials ◽  
Sensing Characteristics

AbstractNanocrystalline ZnO-TiO2 (with molar ratios 9:1, 7:3, 1:1, 3:7 and 1:9) were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. Synthesized materials were examined with the help of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. Liquid petroleum gas sensing characteristics of the ZnO-TiO2 films were investigated at different operating temperatures. The ZnO-TiO2 thick film (with 1:1 molar ratio) exhibited good response toward liquid petroleum gas as compared to other investigated compositions. Further, liquid petroleum gas sensing characteristics of CuO modified ZnO-TiO2 thick films were investigated. 0.2 M CuO modified ZnO-TiO2 thick film exhibited excellent liquid petroleum gas sensing characteristics such as higher response (~ 1637.49 at 185 °C) with quick response time (~30 s), low recovery time (~70 s), excellent repeatability and stability at low operating temperature.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Layered Octadecyltrimethylammonium-Templated Aluminosilicate and its Use as a Thickening Agentfor Lubricating Grease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukun Han ◽  
Wenxing Niu ◽  
Xinrui Zhao ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Jinxiang Dong
Keyword(s):  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Wear Property ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Lubricating Grease ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Simple Preparation ◽  
Dropping Point ◽  
27Al Mas Nmr ◽  
Aluminum Silicon

Abstract We describe herein the use of octadecyltrimethylammonium-templated aluminosilicate (designated as LS) as a thickener to induce gelation. LS samples with different aluminum/silicon molar ratios (Al/Si = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) were synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, 27Al MAS NMR spectra, elemental analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The aluminum/silicon molar ratio was shown to be an important factor affecting the rheological properties of LS gels. With increasing Al/Si molar ratio, the viscoelasticity and structural strength of LS gel were enhanced, the dropping point increased, and the amount of oil separation decreased. LS(0.20) gel exhibited superior relative elastic character. The strength of the LS(0.20) gel was also enhanced with increasing LS(0.20) content. In SRV tests, LS(0.20) gel with different contents showed good performance in terms of load-bearing ability and anti-wear property, indicating that LS was strongly adhered on the friction surface, and thereby promoted lubrication. Owing to simple preparation, the promising rheological and tribological properties, LS gel hold great potential application in lubricating grease.

Synthesis of Single-Phased BaTi2O5 Powders by Arc-Melting

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Peng ◽  
Chuan Bin Wang ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Qiang Shen ◽  
Lian Meng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Main Phase ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Arc Melting

Arc-melting was employed to synthesize BaTi2O5 powders by fast melting the reagent mixture of BaCO3 and TiO2 with different molar ratios (0.90~1.05:2). The influence of molar ratios of BaCO3 to TiO2 on the phase of the powders derived from arc-melting was investigated by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra. When the molar ratio was larger than 0.95:2, a little amount of Ba-rich compound Ba2TiO4 was produced besides the main phase of BaTi2O5. Ti-rich compound Ba6Ti17O40, BaTi2O9 and TiO2 began to appear at the ratios ranging from 0.90:2 to 0.95:2. Single-phased BaTi2O5 powders were obtained by arc-melting the reagent mixture with the molar ratio of 0.95:2.

Gold Clustering at Dimethylsulfoximine Me2S(O)NH

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 889-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Hamel ◽  
Christian Hollatz ◽  
Annette Schier ◽  
Hubert Schmidbaur
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Atom ◽  
Dinuclear Complex ◽  
Trinuclear Complex ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Yield ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Pyramidal Configuration ◽  
Unknown Structure

Abstract Gold Clustering, Dimethylsulfoximine Polyaurated complexes of the dimethylsulfoximide anion [Me2S(O)N]- have been prepared by reacting N-trimethylsilyl-dimethylsulfoximide with [(Ph3P)Au]BF4 in various molar ratios. With one or two equivalents of the gold(I) reagent only the dinuclear complex is obtained in high yield: {[(Ph3P)Au]2NS(O)Me2}+ BF4- . With three or four equivalents only the trinuclear complex is produced: {[(Ph3P)Au]3NS(O)Me2}2+ 2 BF4- . No mono- or tetra-auration was observed, respectively. The composition of the compounds has been confirmed by analytical and spectroscopic data, and the crystal structure of the dinuclear compound has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction of the dichloromethane solvate. The two gold atoms are found to be coordinated to the nitrogen atom with a small Au-N-Au angle of only 92.3(3)° and a short Au-Au distance of 2.9900(5) Å. The nitrogen atom is in a distorted trigonal pyramidal configuration which allows an intramolecular SO-Au contact. For the trinuclear complex a structure with a tetracoordinate nitrogen atom [SNAU3] is proposed which is analogous to the corresponding complexes of phosphinimines R3P=NH. With the ditertiary phosphine Ph2PCH2Ch2PPh2 (dppe) a cyclic dinuclear complex (dppe)Au2[NS(0 )Me2]BF4 can be synthesized starting from (dppe)Au2Cl2. The reaction of the phosphine-rich precursor [(Ph3P)2Au]BF4 with Me3SiNS(0 )Me2 in the molar ratio 2:1 affords a binuclear complex {[(Ph3P)2Au]2NS(0 )Me2}BF4 of an as yet unknown structure

Convenient Route to Cu-Ag Bimetallic Nanoleaflets with High Content of Cu and their Electrochemical Properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 727 ◽  
pp. 395-402
Author(s):  
Zi Run Wang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Gui Qi Xie ◽  
Yi Wu ◽  
Ming Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Phase Reduction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Convenient Route

Cu-Ag alloy nanoparticles were synthesized by a liquid phase reduction method. Using sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate (SFS) as reducing agents, copper-silver bimetallic nanoleaflets with high content of Cu were prepared. The obtained Cu-Ag bimetallic nanocrystal were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Different molar ratio of Cu-Ag bimetallic nanomaterials could produce different morphologies. The surfactant β-CD plays a crucial role on the structure of the products. The different molar ratios of Cu-Ag were also investigated. The electrochemical activity was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in a 0.5M Na2SO4 electrolyte.

scholarly journals Preparation of Cd-Loaded In2O3Hollow Nanofibers by Electrospinning and Improvement of Formaldehyde Sensing Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruijin Hu ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Pengpeng Chen ◽  
Yuwen Hao ◽  
Chunli Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Formaldehyde Concentration ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electrospinning Method ◽  
Formaldehyde Sensing ◽  
Small Grains

Pure In2O3and Cd-loaded In2O3hollow and porous nanofibers with different Cd/In molar ratios (1/20, 1/10, 1/1) were synthesized by electrospinning method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the nanofibers. The porous nanofibers were composed of small grains. The average grain sizes and the diameters of Cd-loaded In2O3nanofibers increased with the increasing of Cd/In molar ratios. The formaldehyde sensing properties of the sensors based on pure In2O3and Cd-loaded In2O3nanofibers were investigated in formaldehyde concentration range of 0.5∼100 ppm. Moreover, the selectivity of those sensors was studied by testing responses to methanol, toluene, ethanol, acetone, and ammonia. The result showed that Cd-loaded In2O3nanofibers with Cd/In molar ratio of 1/10 possessed the highest response value and good selectivity at operating temperature 280°C. In addition, the formaldehyde sensing mechanism of the sensors based on Cd-loaded nanofibers was briefly analyzed.

scholarly journals Competition in Coordination Assemblies: 1D-Coordination Polymer or 2D-Nets Based on Co(NCS)2 and 4′-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,2′:6′,3″-terpyridine

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila Rocco ◽  
Alessandro Prescimone ◽  
Y. Klein ◽  
Dariusz Gawryluk ◽  
Edwin Constable ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Polymer ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Bulk Sample ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
1D Coordination Polymer ◽  
Coordination Behaviour ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The synthesis and characterization of 4′-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,2′:6′,3″-terpyridine (2) (IUPAC PIN 24-(4-methoxyphenyl)-12,22:26,32-terpyridine) are described, and its coordination behaviour with cobalt(II) thiocyanate has been investigated. In a series of experiments, crystals were grown at room temperature by layering a MeOH solution of Co(NCS)2 over a CHCl3 solution of 2 using 1:1, 1:2 or 2:1 molar ratios of metal salt-to-ligand. Crystals harvested within 2–3 weeks proved to be the 1D-coordination polymer [Co(2)(NCS)2(MeOH)2]n and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) confirmed that the crystals selected for single-crystal X-ray diffraction were representative of the bulk samples. Longer crystallization times with a Co(NCS)2 to 2 molar ratio of 1:1 yielded crystals of [Co(2)(NCS)2(MeOH)2]n (1D-chain) and the pseudopolymorphs [{Co(2)2(NCS)2}·3MeOH]n and [{Co(2)2(NCS)2}·2.2CHCl3]n ((4,4)-nets), each type of crystal originating from a different zone in the crystallization tube. PXRD for this last experiment confirmed that the dominant product in the bulk sample was the 1D-coordination polymer.

Facile Synthesis and Properties of CdxZn1-xSe Alloy Nanocrystals

2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 1190-1193
Author(s):  
Rui Li Zhang ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Zhi Min Yuan ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Yu Lan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Average Lifetime ◽  
Capping Agent ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Peak Wavelength ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Alloy Nanocrystals ◽  
Cubic Structure

CdxZn1-xSe alloy nanocrystals (NCs) were successfully synthesized by an organic route using oleic acid as a capping agent. The molar ratio of Cd/Zn strongly impact on the PL properties of the alloy NCs. The PL peak wavelength of the alloy NCs was 565 nm at the Cd/Zn molar ratio of 0.05 while their wavelength became 621 nm in the case of the molar ratio of 1. The average lifetime of the alloy NCs increased with increasing the Cd/Zn molar ratios (26 ns for a ratio of 0.05 and 45 ns for a ratio of 1). The X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the alloy NCs revealed a cubic structure. The Cd/Zn molar ratio drastically affected the crystal structure of the alloy NCs which located between those of ZnSe and CdSe NCs.

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