Catalytic nucleic acids (DNAzymes) as functional units for logic gates and computing circuits: from basic principles to practical applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (20) ◽  
pp. 4144-4160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Orbach ◽  
Bilha Willner ◽  
Itamar Willner
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Functional Modules ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Biomedical Sensing ◽  
Functional Units ◽  
Catalytic Nucleic Acids

Catalytic nucleic acids (DNAzymes) provide functional modules for logic gates and computing operations, and hold great promise for biomedical sensing and therapeutic applications.

DNA Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Sensors for Nucleic Acids

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena E. Ferapontova
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Fast Analysis ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Analytical Platforms ◽  
Dna Electrochemistry

Sensitive, specific, and fast analysis of nucleic acids (NAs) is strongly needed in medicine, environmental science, biodefence, and agriculture for the study of bacterial contamination of food and beverages and genetically modified organisms. Electrochemistry offers accurate, simple, inexpensive, and robust tools for the development of such analytical platforms that can successfully compete with other approaches for NA detection. Here, electrode reactions of DNA, basic principles of electrochemical NA analysis, and their relevance for practical applications are reviewed and critically discussed.

Toxicology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Laumbach ◽  
Michael Gochfeld
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Body Distribution ◽  
Threshold Doses

This chapter describes the basic principles of toxicology and their application to occupational and environmental health. Topics covered include pathways that toxic substances may take from sources in the environment to molecular targets in the cells of the body where toxic effects occur. These pathways include routes of exposure, absorption into the body, distribution to organs and tissues, metabolism, storage, and excretion. The various types of toxicological endpoints are discussed, along with the concepts of dose-response relationships, threshold doses, and the basis of interindividual differences and interspecies differences in response to exposure to toxic substances. The diversity of cellular and molecular mechanisms of toxicity, including enzyme induction and inhibition, oxidative stress, mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, and teratogenesis, are discussed and the chapter concludes with examples of practical applications in clinical evaluation and in toxicity testing.

scholarly journals DNA-based constitutional dynamic networks as functional modules for logic gates and computing circuit operations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 5473-5483
Author(s):  
Zhixin Zhou ◽  
Jianbang Wang ◽  
R. D. Levine ◽  
Francoise Remacle ◽  
Itamar Willner
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Dynamic Networks ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Functional Modules ◽  
Logic Operations

A nucleic acid-based constitutional dynamic network (CDN) provides a single functional computational module for diverse input-guided logic operations and computing circuits.

scholarly journals Platelet-Rich Plasma: Principles and Applications in Plastic Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjed Abu-Ghname ◽  
Aurelia Trisliana Perdanasari ◽  
Matthew J. Davis ◽  
Edward M. Reece
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Skin Rejuvenation ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Reconstructive Plastic Surgery ◽  
Reconstructive Plastic

AbstractPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autogenously harvested liquid platelet concentrate extracted from a patient's peripheral blood that contains higher than baseline concentrations of growth factors and cytokines. This innovative new technology has demonstrated great promise in the field of plastic surgery, and its use has been evaluated in several clinical settings including wound healing, hair restoration, and skin rejuvenation. The goal of this article is to explain the biology behind PRP and to review the basic principles involved in its preparation. This will be followed by a discussion of some clinical applications of PRP in both aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery.

Building sponge-like robust architectures of CNT–graphene–Si composites with enhanced rate and cycling performance for lithium-ion batteries

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 3962-3967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Wang ◽  
Ge Li ◽  
Fathy M. Hassan ◽  
Matthew Li ◽  
Kun Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Cycling Stability ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Excellent Cycling Stability

High-performance robust CNT–graphene–Si composites are designed as anode materials with enhanced rate capability and excellent cycling stability for lithium-ion batteries. Such an improvement is mainly attributed to the robust sponge-like architecture, which holds great promise in future practical applications.

One-Step Modification of Electrode Surface for Ultrasensitive and Highly Selective Detection of Nucleic Acids with Practical Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (15) ◽  
pp. 7583-7590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Dan Wu ◽  
Xiaolu Hu ◽  
Yang Xiang ◽  
Yongqian Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Electrode Surface ◽  
Selective Detection ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
One Step

Combined enhanced redox kinetics and physiochemical confinement in three-dimensionally ordered macro/mesoporous TiN for highly stable lithium-sulfur batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiabing Liu ◽  
Chenchen Hu ◽  
Wanjie Gao ◽  
Haipeng Li ◽  
Yan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Capacity ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Shuttle Effect ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Redox Kinetics ◽  
Lithium Sulfur

Abstract Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries with tremendous energy density possess great promise for the next-generation energy storage devices. Even though, the shuttle effect and sluggish redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) seriously restrict practical applications of Li-S batteries. Herein, a three-dimensionally ordered macro/mesoporous TiN (3DOM TiN) nanostructure is established via using poly (methyl methacrylate) PMMA spheres as template. The interconnected macro/mesoporous channels are constructed to effectively alleviate the stacking of composite materials and render a large portion of inherent active sites exposed on the surface region. Moreover, TiN exhibits high electrical conductivity, which efficiently enhances charge transfer kinetics and guarantees the favorable electrochemical performance of sulfur cathode. More importantly, the as-prepared 3DOM TiN suppresses the shuttle effect and improves the redox kinetics significantly due to strong affinity toward LiPSs. Attributed to these unique features, the S/3DOM TiN electrode achieves an ultrahigh initial discharge capacity of 1187 mAh g-1 at 0.2 C, and stable cycling performance of 552 mAh g-1 over 500 cycles at 1 C. Meanwhile, the discharge capacity retention of 701 mAh g-1 (3.5 mAh cm-2) can be endowed for the S/3DOM TiN electrode under high sulfur loading of 5 mg cm-2 after 100 cycles at 0.1 C. Therefore, the 3DOM TiN nanostructure electrocatalyst provides a promising path for developing practically useable Li-S batteries.

scholarly journals On the mathematical foundations of theoretical statistics

1922 ◽  
Vol 222 (594-604) ◽  
pp. 309-368 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
General Proof ◽  
Statistical Science ◽  
Mathematical Foundations ◽  
Anomalous State

Several reasons have contributed to the prolonged neglect into which the study of statistics, in its theoretical aspects, has fallen. In spite of the immense amount of fruitful labour which has been expended in its practical applications, the basic principles of this organ of science are still in a state of obscurity, and it cannot be denied that, during the recent rapid development of practical methods, fundamental problems have been ignored and fundamental paradoxes left unresolved. This anomalous state of statistical science is strikingly exemplified by a recent paper entitled "The Fundamental Problem of Practical Statistics," in which one of the most eminent of modern statisticians presents what purports to be a general proof of BAYES' postulate, a proof which, in the opinion of a second statistician of equal eminence, "seems to rest upon a very peculiar -- not to say hardly supposable -- relation."

scholarly journals Anther development: basic principles and practical applications.

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1217-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
R B Goldberg ◽  
T P Beals ◽  
P M Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Anther Development ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Practical Applications
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