Photochemistry of carbon monoxide and methanol in water and nitric acid hydrate ices: A NEXAFS study

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (36) ◽  
pp. 10865 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Laffon ◽  
J. Lasne ◽  
F. Bournel ◽  
K. Schulte ◽  
S. Lacombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrate

scholarly journals Homogeneous nucleation of NAD and NAT in liquid stratospheric aerosols: insufficient to explain denitrification

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Knopf ◽  
T. Koop ◽  
B. P. Luo ◽  
U. G. Weers ◽  
T Peter
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Nucleation Rate ◽  
Homogeneous Nucleation ◽  
Particle Production ◽  
Rate Coefficients ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Linear Extrapolation ◽  
Acid Hydrate ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds

Abstract. The nucleation of NAD and NAT from HNO3/H2O and HNO3/H2O/H2SO4 solution droplets is investigated both theoretically and experimentally with respect to the formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). Our analysis shows that homogeneous NAD and NAT nucleation from liquid aerosols is insufficient to explain the number densities of large nitric acid containing particles recently observed in the Arctic stratosphere. This conclusion is based on new droplet freezing experiments employing optical microscopy combined with Raman spectroscopy. The homogeneous nucleation rate coefficients of NAD and NAT in liquid aerosols under polar stratospheric conditions derived from the experiments are < 2 x 10-5 cm-3 s-1 and < 8 x 10-2 cm-3 s-1 , respectively. These nucleation rate coefficients are smaller by orders of magnitude than the value of ~ 103 cm-3 s-1 used in a recent denitrification modelling study that is based on a linear extrapolation of laboratory nucleation data to stratospheric conditions (Tabazadeh et al., Science, 291, 2591--2594, 2001). We show that this linear extrapolation is in disagreement with thermodynamics and experimental data and, therefore, must not be used in microphysical models of PSCs. Our analysis of the experimental data yields maximum hourly production rates of nitric acid hydrate particles per cm3 of air of about 3 x 10-10 cm-3 h-1 under polar stratospheric conditions. Assuming PSC particle production to proceed at this rate for two months we arrive at particle number densities of < 5 x 10-7 cm-3, much smaller than the value of ~ 10-4 cm-3 reported in recent field observations. This clearly shows that homogeneous nucleation of NAD and NAT from liquid supercooled ternary solution aerosols cannot explain the observed polar denitrification.

Conversion of nitrogen dioxide, nitric acid, and n-propyl nitrate to nitric oxide by a gold-catalyzed reduction with carbon monoxide

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1980-1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Bollinger ◽  
Robert E. Sievers ◽  
David W. Fahey ◽  
Frederick C. Fehsenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide

scholarly journals Mixing between a stratospheric intrusion and a biomass burning plume

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 4229-4235 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brioude ◽  
O. R. Cooper ◽  
M. Trainer ◽  
T. B. Ryerson ◽  
J. S. Holloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Aerosol Extinction ◽  
Free Troposphere ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Stratospheric Intrusion ◽  
Transport Analysis ◽  
Aerosol Extinction Coefficient

Abstract. Ozone, carbon monoxide, aerosol extinction coefficient, acetonitrile, nitric acid and relative humidity measured from the NOAA P3 aircraft during the TexAQS/GoMACCS 2006 experiment, indicate mixing between a biomass burning plume and a stratospheric intrusion in the free troposphere above eastern Texas. Lagrangian-based transport analysis and satellite imagery are used to investigate the transport mechanisms that bring together the tropopause fold and the biomass burning plume originating in southern California, which may affect the chemical budget of tropospheric trace gases.

ACE-FTS ozone, water vapour, nitrous oxide, nitric acid, and carbon monoxide profile comparisons with MIPAS and MLS

2017 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. Sheese ◽  
Kaley A. Walker ◽  
Chris D. Boone ◽  
Peter F. Bernath ◽  
Lucien Froidevaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Water Vapour

scholarly journals Mixing between a stratospheric intrusion and a biomass burning plume

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 8017-8033
Author(s):  
J. Brioude ◽  
O. R. Cooper ◽  
M. Trainer ◽  
T. B. Ryerson ◽  
J. S. Holloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Aerosol Extinction ◽  
Free Troposphere ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Stratospheric Intrusion ◽  
Transport Analysis ◽  
Aerosol Extinction Coefficient

Abstract. Ozone, carbon monoxide, aerosol extinction coefficient, acetonitrile, nitric acid and relative humidity measured from the NOAA P3 aircraft during the TexAQS/GoMACCS 2006 experiment, indicate mixing between a biomass burning plume and a stratospheric intrusion in the free troposphere above eastern Texas. Lagrangian-based transport analysis and satellite imagery are used to investigate the transport mechanisms that bring together the tropopause fold and the biomass burning plume originating in southern California, which may affect the chemical budget of tropospheric trace gases.

scholarly journals Homogeneous nucleation of NAD and NAT in liquid stratospheric aerosols: insufficient to explain denitrification

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Knopf ◽  
T. Koop ◽  
B. P. Luo ◽  
U. G. Weers ◽  
T. Peter
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Nucleation Rate ◽  
Homogeneous Nucleation ◽  
Particle Production ◽  
Rate Coefficients ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Linear Extrapolation ◽  
Acid Hydrate ◽  
Modelling Study

Abstract. The nucleation of NAD and NAT from HNO3/H2O and HNO3/H2SO4/H2O solution droplets is investigated both theoretically and experimentally with respect to the formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). Our analysis shows that homogeneous NAD and NAT nucleation from liquid aerosols is insufficient to explain the number densities of large nitric acid containing particles recently observed in the Arctic stratosphere. This conclusion is based on new droplet freezing experiments employing optical microscopy combined with Raman spectroscopy. The homogeneous nucleation rate coefficients of NAD and NAT in liquid aerosols under polar stratospheric conditions derived from the experiments are < 2 x 10-5 cm-3 s-1 and < 8 x 10-2 cm-3 s-1, respectively. These nucleation rate coefficients are smaller by orders of magnitude than the value of ~103 cm-3 s-1 used in a recent denitrification modelling study that is based on a linear extrapolation of laboratory nucleation data to stratospheric conditions (Tabazadeh et al., Science, 291, 2591--2594, 2001). We show that this linear extrapolation is in disagreement with thermodynamics and with experimental data and, therefore, must not be used in microphysical models of PSCs. Our analysis of the experimental data yields maximum hourly production rates of nitric acid hydrate particles per cm3 of air of about 3 x 10-10 cm-3 (air) h-1 under polar stratospheric conditions. Assuming PSC particle production to proceed at this rate for two months we arrive at particle number densities of < 5 x 10-7 cm-3, much smaller than the value of ~10-4 cm-3 reported in recent field observations. In addition, the nitric acid hydrate production rate inferred from our data is much smaller than that required to reproduce the observed denitrification in the modelling study mentioned above. This clearly shows that homogeneous nucleation of NAD and NAT from liquid supercooled ternary solution aerosols cannot explain the observed polar denitrification.

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