Void and filled supramolecular nanoprisms—notable differences between seemingly identical construction principles

2008 ◽  
pp. 4723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schmittel ◽  
Bice He
Keyword(s):  
Identical Construction

scholarly journals Industry Revolution IR 4.0: Future Opportunities and Challenges in Construction Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 02010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesam S Alaloul ◽  
Mohd Shahir Liew ◽  
Noor Amila Wan Abdullah Zawawi ◽  
Bashar S Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
General Idea ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Know How ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Identical Construction ◽  
Special Rules

The future of construction industry development is the approach of the component-industrialization, the construction-breakdown, design-identical, construction-assembled, operation-data technique to maximize the life cycle value. This paper presents a general idea of Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0 with the introduction descriptions of important aspects in Construction Industry (CI) development. The aim is to define and show possible research areas connected with the IR 4.0 into the CI. For this purpose, an analysis was made, based on the most recent literature, to point out actual needs in the CI in terms of its evolution into IR 4.0 level. It is shown that multidiscipline approaches are not investigated to create special rules, procedures and methods and know-how designed for introducing the principles of IR 4.0 in the CI. A popular from stakeholders in the CI understand how digitization is affecting each part of their trade, however, its practical applications are still in infancy stage. IR 4.0 concepts should be combined with construction production, novel expertise must be applied to the intellectual engineering of modern construction, enhance the level of incorporation, to achieve the sustainable development.

Experimental Analysis of Microhabitat Selection by Juvenile Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Coho Salmon (O. kisutch) in a British Columbia Stream

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1198-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt D. Fausch
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Habitat Complexity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Microhabitat Selection ◽  
Salmon River ◽  
Identical Construction ◽  
Stream Salmonids

Replicate experiments were conducted in the Salmon River, British Columbia, during early summer 1990 to test the relative importance of velocity refuge, visual isolation, and overhead cover to microhabitat selection by steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) parr and age-0 coho salmon (O. kisutch). Four types of artificial Plexiglas structures, the first three of identical construction, had different portions painted to provide increasing habitat complexity: velocity refuge alone, velocity refuge with visual isolation, all three features combined, and overhead cover alone. Steelhead parr selected structures with overhead cover alone or all three features significantly more often than those without overhead cover. Steelhead also selected structures adjacent to the swiftest velocities available and closest to other natural overhead cover, which accounted for most differences in use of the same structure in different locations. In contrast, few age-0 coho salmon used any structures. Those that did selected the three types of structures with velocity refuge about equally, but significantly more often than those with overhead cover alone, regardless of their location. Field experiments such as this hold promise for elucidating mechanisms of habitat selection by stream salmonids.

Kisikongo (Bantu, H16a) present-future isomorphism

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-288
Author(s):  
Sebastian Dom ◽  
Gilles-Maurice de Schryver ◽  
Koen Bostoen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Semantic Extension ◽  
The North ◽  
Bantu Language ◽  
The Future ◽  
Identical Construction ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract The North-Angolan Bantu language Kisikongo has a present tense (Ø-R-ang-a; R = root) that is morphologically more marked than the future tense (Ø-R-a). We reconstruct how this typologically uncommon tense-marking feature came about by drawing on both historical and comparative evidence. Our diachronic corpus covers four centuries that can be subdivided in three periods, viz. (1) mid-17th, (2) late-19th/early-20th, and (3) late-20th/​early-21st centuries. The comparative data stem from several present-day languages of the “Kikongo Language Cluster.” We show that mid-17th century Kisikongo had three distinct constructions: Ø-R-a (with present progressive, habitual and generic meaning), Ø-R-ang-a (with present habitual meaning), and ku-R-a (with future meaning). By the end of the 19th century the last construction is no longer attested, and both present and future time reference are expressed by a segmentally identical construction, namely Ø-R-a. We argue that two seemingly independent but possibly interacting diachronic evolutions conspired towards such present-future isomorphism: (1) the semantic extension of an original present-tense construction from present to future leading to polysemy, and (2) the loss of the future prefix ku-, as part of a broader phenomenon of prefix reduction, inducing homonymy. To resolve the ambiguity, the Ø-R-ang-a construction evolved into the main present-tense construction.

scholarly journals Further observations on the spectrum of the night sky

1923 ◽  
Vol 103 (720) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Camera Lens ◽  
The Past ◽  
Light Gathering Power ◽  
Identical Construction ◽  
Light Gathering ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Night Sky ◽  
Collimating Lens ◽  
Past Winter

During the past winter I have continued my studies on the spectrum of the night sky, and the connected subject of the auroral spectrum. The present paper reports the results obtained. The spectrographs used in this work are two of nearly identical construction. In designing them the paramount consideration was to obtain the greatest possible light gathering power, all other considerations being kept subordinate to this. It was accordingly decided to use the minimum number of optical pieces—one prism, one collimating lens, one camera lens, neither of the latter to be achromatic.

scholarly journals Contact-induced spread of the rare Type 5 clitic

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Nichols ◽  
Peterson A. David
Keyword(s):  
Final Word ◽  
Rare Type ◽  
Identical Construction

Peterson 2001 shows that the Ingush (Nakh-Daghestanian; Caucasus) chaining particle is a Type 5 clitic: positioned relative to the final word in its domain, preceding that word, enclitic to the word before that. The host is the absolutive argument if there is one; otherwise the preverb; otherwise a dedicated reduplicate of the verb root. So far this remains the only firm example of a Type 5 clitic. We show that an identical construction, with a functionally identical clitic and reduplication, occurs in several nearby lanuages of the Avar-Andic branch. Diffusion, though unexpected, is the only explanation.

scholarly journals Effects of Varying Tobacco Rod Circumference on Cigarette Combustion: An Experimental Investigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 286-296
Author(s):  
Nan Deng ◽  
Yalin Wang ◽  
Xiaomeng Cui ◽  
Wenkang Zhao ◽  
Qiaoling Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Characteristic Temperature ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Mass Consumption ◽  
Identical Construction ◽  
Cut Tobacco ◽  
Burn Rate

SummaryTo study the effects of tobacco rod circumference on cigarette combustion status, cigarettes were made with three different circumferences of 24 mm, 20 mm, 17 mm and otherwise identical construction. Their combustion characteristics, including combustion coal volume, characteristic temperature distribution, heating rate, instantaneous burn rate, and yields of selected mainstream smoke chemicals, were systematically measured. The results indicated that the cigarettes with the lowest circumference of 17 mm showed higher combustion temperatures with a smaller coal volume. The maximum instantaneous burn rate was distinctly different for the three cigarettes, from 1.84 mm/s to 2.48 mm/s, when their circumference was reduced from 24 mm to 17 mm. The tobacco mass consumption per puff showed a negative trend when the circumference decreased. The majority of the chemical compounds (16 of 21) measured in mainstream smoke decreased when the circumference was reduced, except for formaldehyde, while the yields of the chemical compounds produced per weight of cut tobacco, consumed during puffing, showed an obverse trend.

scholarly journals Notizen: Zur Kenntnis von Bi2PdO4 / About Bi2PdO4

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1708-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Arpe ◽  
Hk. Müller-Buschbaum
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Identical Construction

Bi2PdO4 was prepared and investigated by X-ray single crystal methods (a = 862.3; c = 590.9 pm, space group C4V10—I4 cm). It shows isolated coplanar oxygen polyhedra around Pd2+ with an identical construction to that of Bi2CuO4.

A triple-point Whitney trick

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 1041-1046
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Melikhov
Keyword(s):  
Triple Point ◽  
Present Note ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Identical Construction

We use a triple-point version of the Whitney trick to show that ornaments of three orientable [Formula: see text]-manifolds in [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], are classified by the [Formula: see text]-invariant. A very similar (but not identical) construction was found independently by I. Mabillard and U. Wagner, who also made it work in a much more general situation and obtained impressive applications. The present note is, by contrast, focused on a minimal working case of the construction.

An incremental approach to gapping in Japanese

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petter Haugereid
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Incremental Approach ◽  
Identical Construction ◽  
Construction Type

Gapping in Japanese, which is an SOV language, differs from gapping in SVO languages in that the conjuncts with the elided verbs appear in non-final position. In this paper I present an incremental approach to gapping in Japanese, where it is assumed that an argument structure type is constructed in the non-final clause(s) in the gapping construction. This type is unified with the construction type created by the final clause resulting in identical construction types for all conjuncts in the construction.

scholarly journals Low-cost air pollution monitoring system—an opportunity for reducing the health risk associated with physical activity in polluted air

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10041
Author(s):  
Zenon Nieckarz ◽  
Jerzy A. Zoladz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Air Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Identical Construction ◽  
The City

The issue of air pollution by particulate matter (PM) concerns many places in the world. At the same time, many residents undertake physical activity (recreation, rehabilitation, sport) in the open air. Generally, the amount of dust concentration depends on both the place (center or periphery of the city) and the time of day. In the present study we describe the outcome of monitoring of the state of air pollution by particle matter (PM10) in the Kraków agglomeration area in order to show that it can provide information concerning air quality in the area where people practice varied kinds of sports in the open air. The measurements of PM10 have been made by a few stations with identical construction working as one network. The details of the air pollution monitoring system and its data quality verification have been described. The network stations made multipoint observations across the Kraków Metropolitan Area during the year 2017 in eight locations. The locations selected represent a diverse spectrum of terrain conditions in which the Kraków agglomeration community undertakes physical activity. For most months of 2017, the minimum monthly average 4-hour PM10 concentrations were recorded between 10–14 h, regardless of location, whereas the maximum was between 18–22. We also noticed a huge differences in the average monthly value of PM10 in some locations within the Kraków agglomeration—ranging between 4.9–339.0 µg m−3. This indicates that some regions of the city are more suitable for performance of physical activity in the open air than others. In conclusion, we postulate that a low-cost air pollution monitoring system is capable of providing valuable information concerning air quality in a given region, which seems to be of importance also to people who practice varied sports activities in the open air.

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