scholarly journals Controlled on-chip stimulation of quantal catecholamine release from chromaffin cells using photolysis of caged Ca2+on transparent indium-tin-oxide microchip electrodes

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Chen ◽  
Yuanfang Gao ◽  
Maruf Hossain ◽  
Shubhra Gangopadhyay ◽  
Kevin D. Gillis
Keyword(s):  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Catecholamine Release ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Electrical stimulation of cultured neurons using a simply patterned indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass electrode

2015 ◽  
Vol 253 ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Tanamoto ◽  
Yutaka Shindo ◽  
Norihisa Miki ◽  
Yoshinori Matsumoto ◽  
Kohji Hotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Glass Electrode ◽  
Cultured Neurons ◽  
Ito Glass ◽  
Stimulation Of

Stimulation of monolayer networks in culture through thin-film indium-tin oxide recording electrodes

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenter W. Gross ◽  
Barry K. Rhoades ◽  
Daryl L. Reust ◽  
Fritz U. Schwalm
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Recording Electrodes ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Histaminic stimulation of catecholamine release and calcium influx in cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Yasuko Ishimura ◽  
Atsushi Nakanishi ◽  
Masanori Yoshizumi ◽  
Yoshihiro Murakumo ◽  
Kyoji Morita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Catecholamine Release ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Stimulation of catecholamine secretion from cultured chromaffin cells by an ionophore-mediated rise in intracellular sodium.

1982 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Suchard ◽  
F A Lattanzio ◽  
R W Rubin ◽  
B C Pressman
Keyword(s):  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Catecholamine Release ◽  
Catecholamine Secretion ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Monovalent Ions ◽  
Rapid Pulse ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin ◽  
Ionophore Monensin ◽  
Stimulation Of

The significance of intracellular Na+ concentration in catecholamine secretion of cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells was investigated using the monovalent carboxylic ionophore monensin. This ionophore, which is known to mediate a one-for-one exchange of intracellular K+ for extracellular Na+, induces a slow, prolonged release of catecholamines which, at 6 h, amounts of 75-90% of the total catecholamines; carbachol induces a rapid pulse of catecholamine secretion of 25-35%. Although secretory granule numbers appear to be qualitatively reduced after carbachol, multiple carbachol, or Ba2+ stimulation, overall granule distribution remains similar to that in untreated cells. Monensin-stimulated catecholamine release requires extracellular Na+ but not Ca2+ whereas carbachol-stimulated catecholamine release requires extracellular Ca2+ and is partially dependent on extracellular Na+. Despite its high selectivity for monovalent ions, monensin is considerably more effective in promoting catecholamine secretion than the divalent ionophores, A23187 and ionomycin, which mediate a more direct entry of extracellular Ca2+ into the cell. We propose that the monensin-stimulated increase in intracellular Na+ levels causes an increase in the availability of intracellular Ca2+ which, in turn, stimulates exocytosis. This hypothesis is supported by the comparable stimulation of catecholamine release by ouabain which inhibits the outwardly directed Na+ pump and thus permits intracellular Na+ to accumulate. The relative magnitudes of the secretion elicited by monensin, carbachol, and the calcium ionophores, are most consistent with the hypothesis that, under normal physiological conditions, Na+ acts by decreasing the propensity of Ca2+-sequestering sites to bind the Ca2+ that enters the cell as a result of acetylcholine stimulation.

scholarly journals Indium-Tin-Oxide for High-performance Electro-optic Modulation

Nanophotonics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhizhen Ma ◽  
Zhuoran Li ◽  
Ke Liu ◽  
Chenran Ye ◽  
Volker J. Sorger
Keyword(s):  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Strong Light ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Optical Modes ◽  
Novel Material ◽  
On Chip

Abstract:Advances in opto-electronics are often led by discovery and development of materials featuring unique properties. Recently, the material class of transparent conductive oxides (TCO) has attracted attention for active photonic devices on-chip. In particular, indium tin oxide (ITO) is found to have refractive index changes on the order of unity. This property makes it possible to achieve electrooptic modulation of sub-wavelength device scales, when thin ITO films are interfaced with optical light confinement techniques such as found in plasmonics; optical modes are compressed to nanometer scale to create strong light-matter interactions. Here we review efforts towards utilizing this novel material for high performance and ultra-compact modulation. While high performance metrics are achieved experimentally, there are open questions pertaining to the permittivity modulation mechanism of ITO. Finally, we review a variety of optical and electrical properties of ITO for different processing conditions, and show that ITO-based plasmonic electro-optic modulators have the potential to significantly outperform diffractionlimited devices.

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