Enzyme-responsive materials: a new class of smart biomaterials

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 2217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rein V. Ulijn
Keyword(s):  
Responsive Materials ◽  
New Class ◽  
Smart Biomaterials

scholarly journals Synthesis and click chemistry of a new class of biodegradable polylactide towards tunable thermo-responsive biomaterials

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1275-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanxuan Zhang ◽  
Hong Ren ◽  
Gregory L. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Click Chemistry ◽  
New Class ◽  
Smart Biomaterials

A new class of clickable polylactide was prepared and resulted in novel smart biomaterials with tunable thermo-responsive propertyviaclick chemistry.

Chain Failure Events in Microfluidic Membrane Networks

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Makhoul-Mansour ◽  
Elio J. Challita ◽  
Eric C. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Computational Prediction ◽  
Equilibrium Structure ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Large Networks ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
New Class ◽  
Interfacial Energies ◽  
Membrane Networks ◽  
The Impact

Multiple lipid encased water droplets may be linked together in oil to form large networks of droplet interface bilayers thus creating a new class of stimuli-responsive materials for applications in sensing, actuation, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. While single droplet interface bilayers have been extensively studied, comparatively little is known about their interaction in large networks. One particular problem of interest is understanding the impact of the coalescence of two neighboring droplets on the overall structural integrity of the network. Here, we propose a computational modeling scheme that predicts and characterizes the mechanical properties of the multiple lipid bilayer interfaces within the droplet network upon intentional coalescence of adjacent droplets. Droplet networks with tailored architectures are synthesized with the aid of magnetic motor droplets containing a biocompatible ferrofluid. The equilibrium configuration of the droplet networks is compared to computational prediction which defines the overall stability by summing the interfacial energies. Once the networks are completed, failure in selected membranes is induced. As the targeted droplets coalesce together, the equilibrium structure of the network is altered and the remaining droplets may shift to new configurations dictated by their minimized mechanical energies.

Synthesis and Properties of Photoswitchable Carbohydrate Fluorosurfactants

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxue Hu ◽  
Joshua B. Marlow ◽  
Rajesh Ramanathan ◽  
Wenyue Zou ◽  
Hui Geok Tiew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Cycloaddition Reaction ◽  
Parallel Synthesis ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
New Class ◽  
Antibacterial Performance ◽  
Broad Interest ◽  
Cis Isomer

We describe the parallel synthesis, photocontrollable surface tension, and antibacterial performance of a new class of carbohydrate fluorosurfactant. Novel fluorosurfactants comprised a mono- or disaccharide head group linked to an azobenzene unit that was variably substituted with a trifluoromethyl group. Fluorosurfactants were rapidly assembled using the venerable CuI-catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction and exhibited light-addressable surface activity, excellent water solubility, and selective antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Notably, the physicochemical and biological activity of these novel materials was heavily dependent on the nature of the head group and the position of the trifluoromethyl substituent on the azobenzene ring. The UV-adapted cis-isomer of fluorosurfactants displayed good thermal stability at ambient temperature, with little reversion to the stable trans isomer after 16 h. These novel, light-responsive materials should find broad interest in a range of biomedical and technological fields, including drug and gene delivery, self-cleaning oleophobic surfaces, and antibacterial coatings for medical devices.

Towards Automated Design of Mechanically Functional Molecules

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Manion ◽  
Ryan Arlitt ◽  
Irem Tumer ◽  
Matthew I. Campbell ◽  
P. Alex Greaney
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Automated Design ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
New Class ◽  
De Novo Molecular Design ◽  
Metal Organic

Metal Organic Responsive Frameworks (MORFs) are a proposed new class of smart materials consisting of a Metal Organic Framework (MOF) with photoisomerizing beams (also known as linkers) that fold in response to light. Within a device these new light responsive materials could provide the capabilities such as photo-actuation, photo-tunable rigidity, and photo-tunable porosity. However, conventional MOF architectures are too rigid to allow isomerization of photoactive sub-molecules. We propose a new computational approach for designing MOF linkers to have the required mechanical properties to allow the photoisomer to fold by borrowing concepts from de novo molecular design and graph synthesis. Here we show how this approach can be used to design compliant linkers with the necessary flexibility to be actuated by photoisomerization and used to design MORFs with desired functionality.

Thermochromic Ionogel: A New Class of Stimuli Responsive Materials with Super Cyclic Stability for Solar Modulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (16) ◽  
pp. 6947-6955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Yeong Lee ◽  
Yufeng Cai ◽  
Sadiye Velioglu ◽  
Chengzhong Mu ◽  
Chen Jian Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Cyclic Stability ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
New Class

In Situ microscopy of the anodic etching of silicon

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
Frances M. Ross ◽  
Peter C. Searson
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Selective Etching ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Porous Layers ◽  
New Class ◽  
Porous Semiconductors

Porous semiconductors represent a relatively new class of materials formed by the selective etching of a single or polycrystalline substrate. Although porous silicon has received considerable attention due to its novel optical properties1, porous layers can be formed in other semiconductors such as GaAs and GaP. These materials are characterised by very high surface area and by electrical, optical and chemical properties that may differ considerably from bulk. The properties depend on the pore morphology, which can be controlled by adjusting the processing conditions and the dopant concentration. A number of novel structures can be fabricated using selective etching. For example, self-supporting membranes can be made by growing pores through a wafer, films with modulated pore structure can be fabricated by varying the applied potential during growth, composite structures can be prepared by depositing a second phase into the pores and silicon-on-insulator structures can be formed by oxidising a buried porous layer. In all these applications the ability to grow nanostructures controllably is critical.

The microtubule associated protein (MAP) tau forms a new class of triple-stranded left-hand helical fibrous protein polymer

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 540-541
Author(s):  
G. C. Ruben ◽  
K. Iqbal ◽  
I. Grundke-Iqbal ◽  
H. Wisniewski ◽  
T. L. Ciardelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Ratio ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Paired Helical Filaments ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
New Class ◽  
Protein Polymer ◽  
Fibrous Protein ◽  
Protein Map ◽  
Neurotransmitter Transport ◽  
Alzheimer Neurofibrillary Tangles

In neurons, the microtubule associated protein, tau, is found in the axons. Tau stabilizes the microtubules required for neurotransmitter transport to the axonal terminal. Since tau has been found in both Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and in paired helical filaments (PHF), the study of tau's normal structure had to preceed TEM studies of NFT and PHF. The structure of tau was first studied by ultracentrifugation. This work suggested that it was a rod shaped molecule with an axial ratio of 20:1. More recently, paraciystals of phosphorylated and nonphosphoiylated tau have been reported. Phosphorylated tau was 90-95 nm in length and 3-6 nm in diameter where as nonphosphorylated tau was 69-75 nm in length. A shorter length of 30 nm was reported for undamaged tau indicating that it is an extremely flexible molecule. Tau was also studied in relation to microtubules, and its length was found to be 56.1±14.1 nm.

Study of segregation in La1.8Sr0.2CuO4 superconductor by STEM-EDS microanalysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
T. F. Kelly ◽  
P. J. Lee ◽  
E. E. Hellstrom ◽  
D. C. Larbalestier
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
High Field ◽  
Transport Current ◽  
Total Thickness ◽  
New Class ◽  
Ceramic Superconductors ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Eds Microanalysis

Recently there has been much excitement over a new class of high Tc (>30 K) ceramic superconductors of the form A1-xBxCuO4-x, where A is a rare earth and B is from Group II. Unfortunately these materials have only been able to support small transport current densities 1-10 A/cm2. It is very desirable to increase these values by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude for useful high field applications. The reason for these small transport currents is as yet unknown. Evidence has, however, been presented for superconducting clusters on a 50-100 nm scale and on a 1-3 μm scale. We therefore planned a detailed TEM and STEM microanalysis study in order to see whether any evidence for the clusters could be seen.A La1.8Sr0.2Cu04 pellet was cut into 1 mm thick slices from which 3 mm discs were cut. The discs were subsequently mechanically ground to 100 μm total thickness and dimpled to 20 μm thickness at the center.

Electronic structure studies of conducting polymers by electron energy-loss spectroscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
J. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Conjugated Polymers ◽  
Electron Acceptors ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
New Class ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Conducting polymers comprises a new class of materials achieving electrical conductivities which rival those of the best metals. The parent compounds (conjugated polymers) are quasi-one-dimensional semiconductors. These polymers can be doped by electron acceptors or electron donors. The prototype of these materials is polyacetylene (PA). There are various other conjugated polymers such as polyparaphenylene, polyphenylenevinylene, polypoyrrole or polythiophene. The doped systems, i.e. the conducting polymers, have intersting potential technological applications such as replacement of conventional metals in electronic shielding and antistatic equipment, rechargable batteries, and flexible light emitting diodes.Although these systems have been investigated almost 20 years, the electronic structure of the doped metallic systems is not clear and even the reason for the gap in undoped semiconducting systems is under discussion.

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