Union of South Africa. Department of Agriculture and Forestry. Chemical composition of some South African cereals and their milling products

The Analyst ◽  
1943 ◽  
Vol 68 (813) ◽  
pp. 373a
Author(s):  
D. C. Crawford ◽  
P. J. Hamersma ◽  
B. W. Martoth
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
South African ◽  
Department Of Agriculture

71 COMPARISON OF CRYOPROTECTANTS ON CRYOPRESERVATION OF VENDA COCK SPERMATOZOA

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
M. L. Mphaphathi ◽  
M. B. Raito ◽  
M. B. Makhafola ◽  
D. Luseba ◽  
T. L. Nedambale
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
South African ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Target Temperature ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Motility Rate

Improving the cryopreservation technique for indigenous fowl semen may contribute to the development of cryogene banks in South Africa. The goal was to identify a cryoprotectant among dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG), and propanediol (PND) that is compatible with survival after freezing of Venda cock spermatozoa. Six Venda cocks were used for semen collection. The abdominal massaging technique was applied for semen collection from cocks. Individual ejaculates were diluted with modified Kobidil+ (mK+) extender (extender A) at ratio of 1:2 (v/v) before freezing, and equilibrated for 2 h. Semen was diluted again at a ratio of 1:1 (v/v) with mK+ plus 8% DMSO, EG, and PND (extender B) and equilibrated for 2 h at 5°C. Semen were then transferred into 0.25-mL plastic straws and placed into a programmable freezer (Planer Kryosave). The temperature of the chamber was decreased in a stepwise manner, from 5°C at a rate of 1°C min–1 until it reached the target temperature of –20°C. Finally, the straws were exposed to liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapor and plunged into LN2 (–196°C). The semen straws were stored in an LN2 tank at –196°C. After 1 week, frozen semen straws were thawed at 5°C for evaluation of spermatozoa survivability and motility rate at 0, 30, 60, and 90 min, using contrast microscopy (20× magnification). Data were analyzed by ANOVA. Spermatozoa live and motility rates were greater before freezing (Table 1) in all groups. There was no significance difference between DMSO and EG with regard to live and motility rates. However, the lowest rates of live and motility spermatozoa were recorded in the PND group. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the cryopreservation process reduces sperm quality and propanediol was not suitable for cryopreserving Venda cock spermatozoa. Table 1.Comparison of three CPA on cryopreservation of Venda cock semen This study was funded by the South African National Department of Agriculture, ARC, DST-PDP (RT19000), and National Research Foundation (NRF, Grant. no. RT21 and 24000).

scholarly journals Achieving the NDP 2030 agricultural agenda in UMzimkhulu: myth or possibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
Bakre ◽  
Amoo ◽  
Garane ◽  
Ojugbele
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
South African ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
South African Constitution

The South African Constitution has often been adjudged one of the most progressive constitutions ever written. However, transforming the theoretical content of the Constitution into a reality has proved to be a challenge. Considering that, the NDP 2030 is widely acknowledged as a well-thought-out and structured plan, the converting of the NDP 2030 vision into reality is discussed amongst cynics, who often consider it as an unrealistic vision based on the current circumstances and timeframe. In consonance with the afore-narrative, this paper explores the current circumstances of the Agricultural sector within the UMzimkhulu Municipality and gauges against the agricultural agenda set forth in the NDP 2030. To unravel this nexus, the paper pursues a qualitative approach wherein face-to-face interviews were conducted amongst 63 farmers. Prior to the interview, a pretest was conducted to ascertain the suitability of the instrument. The professional personnel were from the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development; the Department of Water and Sanitation, alongside other key stakeholders within three farming projects in UMzimkhulu, KwaZulu-Natal, Province, South Africa. The conceding view amongst most of the respondents indicated that the agricultural plan outlined in the NDP 2030 was far from attainment considering the current resources, skills, personnel, and timeframe. Thus, the paper advocates several proactive mitigations such as capacitation, tailor-made investments, institutional reinvigoration, and formidable partnerships amidst other practicable recommendations.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of rain at a regional site on the South African Highveld

Water SA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3 July) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Kok ◽  
PG van Zyl ◽  
JP Beukes ◽  
J-S Swartz ◽  
RP Burger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
South African ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
The South

Relatively limited data have been published on the chemical composition of wet deposition for South Africa, which is considered an important source region for atmospheric pollutants.  Concentrations and wet deposition fluxes of ionic species determined in rain samples collected from December 2014 to April 2018 at a regional site, Welgegund, are presented, and contextualised by wet deposition composition in the north-eastern interior of South Africa.  89% of rain samples collected during the sampling period complied with the data quality objectives of the World Meteorological Organisation.  The total ionic concentration of rainwater at Welgegund was similar to that at two regional sites located within proximity of industrial activities. The pH of rainwater (4.80) was comparable to that determined at two rural background sites, which indicated increased neutralisation.  Similarly to the other sites located in the South African interior, SO42- was the most abundant species in rain, with concentrations thereof in the same order as SO42- levels determined at the two industrially influenced sites.  Lower sulphur and nitrogen fluxes at Welgegund were attributed to lower average annual rainfall.  The anthropogenic (industrial) source group had the largest contribution to wet deposition chemical composition, which signified the influence of major source regions in the South African interior that impact Welgegund.  Relatively large contributions were also calculated from marine and crustal sources.  The influence of agricultural activities was also evident, while biomass burning had the lowest contribution due to open biomass burning occurring mainly during the dry season.

Prevalence of Brucella abortus in buffaloes of Mafikeng game reserve, North West province, south Africa: A retrospective study

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nyirenda ◽  
L. Letlojane ◽  
M. Syakalima
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
South African ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
North West ◽  
Game Reserve

A retrospective study to explore the trends of Brucella abortus in buffaloes of Mafikeng game reserve was conducted for the period 2008-2010 using the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD) raw data. Testing of buffaloes for brucellosis, FMD, Tuberculosis and Theileriosis is mandatory under South African law before moving buffaloes. Those found positive are usually never allowed to move. This therefore means that most buffaloes in well secured game ranches are expected to be free of the disease. It is against this background that this study examined Rose Bengal and CFT test records generated over a six months period in buffaloes at this game reserve. A total of 83 out of 365 buffalo records examined were found to be positive. This accounts for 0.23 percent prevalence of Brucella abortus during the study period. Even though the levels seem low, the fact that it should not be found at all is a concern and has implications on recreation in the game reserve and trading of these buffaloes.

107 MOTILITY PARAMETER PATTERNS OF NGUNI BULLS: EFFECT OF VARIOUS GYCEROL CONCENTRATIONS FOLLOWING CRYOPRESERVATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
T. L. Nedambale ◽  
M. L. Mphaphathi ◽  
P. H. Munyai ◽  
M. Tshabalala ◽  
P. Malusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Spermatozoa Motility ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Motility Parameters

The Nguni breed of South Africa is small, hardy, disease-tolerant, thrives on poor pasture, and was regarded as an inferior breed in the past. For optimizing routine fresh and freezing of Nguni bull semen analysis, 3 different concentrations of glycerol (7, 10, and 14%) were examined. Ten ejaculates were collected from each 6 Nguni bulls using electro-ejaculator at ARC, Irene, South Africa. Following semen collection, semen was examined for macroscopic (volume, pH, and concentration) and microscopic (motility) parameters. The semen was extended with Tris + 10% egg yolk diluent at a ratio of 1 : 2 (v/v) and frozen at different concentrations of glycerol (7, 10, and 14%). The semen was then evaluated using the sperm class analyzer (SCA; CASA system) for progressive motility parameters. Fresh and frozen-thawed were fixed and stained with Nigrosin-Eosin for morphology (dead and live). Data were analyzed by ANOVA. There was a significant difference among individual Nguni bull spermatozoa volume and concentration. Analyzed frozen-thawed Nguni spermatozoa resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) difference of spermatozoa motility parameters frozen in 10% glycerol (68%) compared with 7 (41%) and 14% glycerol (30%). In conclusion, Nguni spermatozoa can be cryopreserved successfully when 10% of glycerol concentration is used. The results of this study will improve the viability of cryopreserved Nguni bull spermatozoa following the development of a South African semen cryo-gene bank. This study was supported by grants from National Research Foundation (NRF), Hungarian, South African Bilateral Scientific and Technological (TETNo. OMFB-00302/2008, RT24000) collaborative project. Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF, RPPP15).

On the South African meteorites Mount Ayliff and Simondium, and the chemical composition of the meteorites Adare and Ensisheim (with Plate IV)

1921 ◽  
Vol 19 (93) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.T. Prior
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
South African ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
The South ◽  
Western Cape Province ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Museum

During the year 1919 specimens of some of the meteorites preserved in the Public Museum of King Willlam's Town, South Africa, were kindly placed by the Curator, the late Yr. F. A. O. Pyre, at the disposal of the writer for investigation. One of these specimens was a meteoric iron labelled Mount Ayliff, another a mass of oxidized material labelled Western Cape Province, and a third a small piece of iron labelled ‘found on Elandsburg at an altitude of 6,000 ft. in 1888’ Unfortunately Mr. Pyre was not in a position to supply very much more information about the specimens.

Reframing Xenophobia in South Africa as Colour-Blind: The Limits of the Afro Phobia Thesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-444
Author(s):  
Amanuel Isak Tewolde
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Conflict Theory ◽  
Black African ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Online Newspaper ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Realistic Conflict Theory

Many scholars and South African politicians characterize the widespread anti-foreigner sentiment and violence in South Africa as dislike against migrants and refugees of African origin which they named ‘Afro-phobia’. Drawing on online newspaper reports and academic sources, this paper rejects the Afro-phobia thesis and argues that other non-African migrants such as Asians (Pakistanis, Indians, Bangladeshis and Chinese) are also on the receiving end of xenophobia in post-apartheid South Africa. I contend that any ‘outsider’ (White, Asian or Black African) who lives and trades in South African townships and informal settlements is scapegoated and attacked. I term this phenomenon ‘colour-blind xenophobia’. By proposing this analytical framework and integrating two theoretical perspectives — proximity-based ‘Realistic Conflict Theory (RCT)’ and Neocosmos’ exclusivist citizenship model — I contend that xenophobia in South Africa targets those who are in close proximity to disadvantaged Black South Africans and who are deemed outsiders (e.g., Asian, African even White residents and traders) and reject arguments that describe xenophobia in South Africa as targeting Black African refugees and migrants.

Region of Birth and Child Mortality among Black Migrants to South Africa: Is there a foreign-born advantage?

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany L Green ◽  
Amos C Peters
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Black Immigrants ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Child Deaths

Much of the existing evidence for the healthy immigrant advantage comes from developed countries. We investigate whether an immigrant health advantage exists in South Africa, an important emerging economy.  Using the 2001 South African Census, this study examines differences in child mortality between native-born South African and immigrant blacks.  We find that accounting for region of origin is critical: immigrants from southern Africa are more likely to experience higher lifetime child mortality compared to the native-born population.  Further, immigrants from outside of southern Africa are less likely than both groups to experience child deaths.  Finally, in contrast to patterns observed in developed countries, we detect a strong relationship between schooling and child mortality among black immigrants.

Some Reflections on Reparation in Post-Apartheid South Africa, using a Couple Therapy Intervention as a Microcosm of South African Society

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Hill ◽  
Sylvia Poss
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Couple Therapy ◽  
South African Society ◽  
Depressive Position ◽  
Central Hypothesis ◽  
Transference And Countertransference ◽  
Constructive Engagement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Therapy Intervention

The paper addresses the question of reparation in post-apartheid South Africa. The central hypothesis of the paper is that in South Africa current traumas or losses, such as the 2008 xenophobic attacks, may activate a ‘shared unconscious phantasy’ of irreparable damage inflicted by apartheid on the collective psyche of the South African nation which could block constructive engagement and healing. A brief couple therapy intervention by a white therapist with a black couple is used as a ‘microcosm’ to explore this question. The impact of an extreme current loss, when earlier losses have been sustained, is explored. Additionally, the impact of racial difference on the transference and countertransference between the therapist and the couple is explored to illustrate factors complicating the productive grieving and working through of the depressive position towards reparation.

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